4G technology will provide faster wireless internet speeds of up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. It will utilize a fully packetized network for optimized data transmission. 4G will offer broadband internet access for remote locations without existing internet infrastructure. It will also enhance mobile gaming experiences by allowing low-latency multiplayer gaming on the go or outdoors. 4G networks will incorporate various wireless technologies like Bluetooth, WiFi, and ad-hoc mesh networking for flexible internet connectivity.
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The next generation of wireless mobile communication is here know as 5G cellular which will revolutionize the way which see at wireless communication today !!!
it gives info about the 4g technology as well as the previous technologies with disadvantages and what are the reasons new technologies are developed. best viewed with animation in office 10 or above
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The next generation of wireless mobile communication is here know as 5G cellular which will revolutionize the way which see at wireless communication today !!!
it gives info about the 4g technology as well as the previous technologies with disadvantages and what are the reasons new technologies are developed. best viewed with animation in office 10 or above
PPT about 4G technology which I made for my college purpose.
PPT displays Evolution, Architecture, Working Procedure, Advantages and Disadvantages of 4T Technology.
Background images: Google Image Search
The explanation with explicit picture of phone type used during each network generation. We covered 0G, 1G, 1.e or Edge, gprs, 4g, 4g+ and the upcoming 5g. YOu can get get the seminar report after following and liking my page. thank y'all.....
Evolution from 1G to 4G, First Generation (1G), Second generation (2G), Third generation (3G), Comparison Between 3G and 4G, Features of 4G, General 4G services and Application, Future Development, Advantages, Disadvantages, Evolution of mobile communication in Bangladesh
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. 4G Definition
4G is not one defined technology or
standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packet-
switched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide
speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.
3. 0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to
users in cars to the public land-line based
telephone network.
In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell
Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone
Service (IMTS), brought quite a few
improvements such as direct dialing and more
bandwidth. The very first analog systems were
based upon IMTS and were created in the late
60s and early 70s.
4. 1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation of
wireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970’s.
1G had two major improvements:
the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal
5. 2G Technology
Around 1980’s
Better quality & capacity - More people
could use there phones at the same
time
Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s
6. Previous Technology - 2G
Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s
Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
7. Previous Technology - 2G
Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals
or digital data streams are combined into one
signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum
is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times
slower than an ISDN
8. Previous Technology - 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals that
require less battery
Power–CODEC introduction -program that
encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal
Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa
10. Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
The digital voice encoding allows digital
error checking
increase sound quality
lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the
introduction of digital data transfer
SMS –“short message service”
E-mail
11. Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage
area
Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls
Analog –gradual sound reduction
“Spotty” coverage
12. 3G Technology
Large capacity and broadband capabilities
Allows the transmission of 384kbps for
mobile systems and up to 2Mbps
Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz
A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming
13. Previous Technology - 3G
CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
Form of multiplexing
Does not divide up the channel by time or
frequency
Encodes data with a special code
associated with each channel
15. Types of Multiplexing
FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple
Access
Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the
call
16. Types of Multiplexing
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted
17. Types of Multiplexing
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission
18. Reasons for New Research
Even though 3G has successfully been
introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses
Great differences in the licensing terms
3G phones are expensive
20. What is 4G?
Fourth Generation Technology
Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
Most information is proprietary
21. Communications Architecture
Broadcast layer:
fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower
connected by fiber, microwave, or
satellite (ISP)
Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)
22. Communications Architecture
Personal Layer Gateway:
devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,
fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
Info-Sensor layer:
environmental sensors
Fiber-optic wire layer:
high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
cables and repeaters
23. Ad Hoc Networks
Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices
Not necessarily connected
to internet
4G will create hybrid
wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks
Form of mesh
networking–Very reliable
24. Enhance Mobile Gaming
Experience enhance wireless capabilities
that deliver mobile gaming interaction
with less than five seconds
Play online multi player games while
traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
25. Broadband access in Remote
location
4G will provide a wireless alternative
for broadband access
I will provide first opportunity for
broadband access in remote locations
without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.