1. 1
Presentation Topic:
3G And 4G 3G Techologies
Presented By:

2. 1G WIRELESS SYSTEM
 Developed in 1980s and completed in early 1990’s
 1G was old analog system and supported the 1st
generation of analog cell phones speed up to 2.4kbps
 Advance mobile phone system (AMPS) was first
launched by the US and is a 1G mobile system
 Allows users to make voice calls in 1 country

3. 2G WIRELESS SYSTEM
 Fielded in the late 1980s and finished in the late 1990s
 Planned for voice transmission with digital signal and
the speeds up to 64kbps
 2G was the digital handsets that we are used today,
with 2.5G representing handsets with data capabilities
over GPRS

4. 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM
 Developed in the late 1990s until present day
 Japan is the first country having introduced
3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to
3G is being largely completed during
2005/2006

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WHY 3G?
 Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!!
 For the consumer
Video streaming, TV broadcast
Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports
Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…
 For business
High speed teleworking / VPN access
Sales force automation
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information

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3G STANDARDS
 3G Standard is created by ITU-T and is called as IMT-
2000.
 The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G
systems to provide Global Roaming.

7. 3G TECHNOLOGY
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities
 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for
mobile systems and up to 2Mbps
 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz
A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming

8. PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGY - 3G
 CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
 Form of multiplexing
 Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency
 Encodes data with a special code associated with
each channel

9. CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

10. TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING
 FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the
entire duration of the call

11. TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING
 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is allocated a spot in the frequency
for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being
transmitted

12. TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING
 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is uniquely encoded and transmitted
across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as
spread spectrum transmission

13. REASONS FOR NEW RESEARCH
 Even though 3G has successfully been
introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers
and users.
High input fees for the 3G service
licenses
Great differences in the licensing terms
3G phones are expensive

14. 3G- ADVANTAGES
3G phones promise :-
 Improved digital voice communications
 Larger Bandwidth – Higher Data rate
 Greater subscriber capacity
 Fast packet-based data services like e-mail, short
message service (SMS), and Internet access at broadband
speeds.
 Most carriers also expect consumers to want :-
 location services
 interactive gaming
 streaming video
 home monitoring and control
 and who knows what else, while being fully mobile anywhere in
the world.

15. 3G CAPABILITIES
 Voice quality comparable to the public switched
telephone network
 144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles
 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving
slowly over small areas
 Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use
 Symmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission
rates
 Support for both packet switched and circuit
switched data services like Internet Protocol (IP)
traffic and real time video

16. 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM (CONT’D)
 Services include:
 Global roaming
 Superior voice quality and video conference
 Data always add–on services (e-mail, personal organizer,
etc.)
 Information for web surfing, music, news, corporate
intranet, transportation service etc.
 Purchasing – on-line shopping / banking, ticketing,
gambling, games, etc.

17. 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM (CONT’D)
 Transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps
 In 2005, 3G is ready to live up to its performance in
computer networking (WCDMA, WLAN and
Bluetooth) and mobile devices area (cell phone and
GPS)

18. 3G: APPLICATIONS,
SERVICES AND MARKET
3G applications can be divided into:
 Wireless Advertising
 Mobile Information
 Business Solutions
 Mobile Transactions
 Mobile Entertainment
 Person-to-Person Communications
 Bearer Entrance and Periodics

19. ISSUES ON 3G WIRELESS
SYSTEM
 Current high debt of many telecommunication
companies, making it more of a challenge to build
the necessary infrastructure for 3G
 Health aspects of the effects of electromagnetic
waves
 Expense and bulk of 3G phones
 Lack of 2G mobile user buy-in for 3G wireless
service
 Lack of coverage because it is still new service
 High prices of 3G mobile services in some
countries

20. WHAT IS 4G?
 Fourth Generation Technology
Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n

21. 4G WIRELESS SYSTEM
 4G is a research item for next-generation wide-
area cellular radio, where you have 1G, 2G, 3G
and then 4G [and 5G]
 4G is a conceptual framework and a discussion
point to address future needs of a high speed
wireless network
 It offer both cellular and broadband
multimedia services everywhere
 Expected to emerged around 2010 - 2015

22. 4G DEFINITION
4G is not one defined technology or
standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packet-
switched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide
speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.

23. COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE
 Broadcast layer:
 fix access points, cell tower connected by fiber,
microwave, or satellite (ISP)
 Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
 wireless LANs ( internet at Starbuck’s)

24. COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE
 Personal Layer Gateway:
devices that connect to upper layers; cell
phone, fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players,
PDAs
 Info-Sensor layer:
environmental sensors
 Fiber-optic wire layer:
high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber
optic cables and repeaters

25. AD HOC NETWORKS
 Spontaneous self
organization of networks of
devices
 Not necessarily connected
to internet
 4G will create hybrid
wireless networks using Ad
Hoc networks
 Form of mesh networking–
Very reliable

26. BROADBAND ACCESS IN REMOTE
LOCATION
 4G will provide a wireless alternative for
broadband access
 I will provide first opportunity for broadband
access in remote locations without an
infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.

27. THANKS
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