This document provides a summary of Spanish commands and object pronouns. It begins by reviewing formal and informal commands for the Ud./Uds. and Tú forms. It discusses irregular verbs like salir and hacer. It then covers nosotros commands, negative commands, and spelling changes. The document explains direct and indirect object pronouns and provides examples of replacing nouns with object pronouns. It includes practice identifying the correct object pronoun replacements. In under 3 sentences, this document summarizes Spanish commands and object pronouns.
This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics in 15 slides. It includes tables of contents, explanations of concepts like the preterite and imperfect tenses, uses of reflexive verbs with "se", types of adverbs and commands, and more. Key details are presented concisely yet comprehensively to serve as a reference guide for various grammar points.
The document provides an overview of basic English grammar concepts for beginner students, including the verb "to be", verb "to have", pronouns, and simple tenses. It explains subject and object pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, and gives examples of forming sentences in the present, past and future tenses for positive and negative statements and questions. Practice exercises are provided to have students write sentences using these grammar structures.
This document provides a grammatical summary of the English and Spanish languages. It discusses the verbs "to be", "to have", and "to do" in English, including their present, past and future forms. It also covers pronouns, demonstratives, indefinite articles, questions words and other grammatical elements in English such as subject-verb agreement and the impersonal "there is/there are". The summary is intended as a reference for both English and Spanish grammar.
The document discusses the different verb tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. There are three main tenses - present, past, and future. Within each main tense there are four forms - simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. Each tense form has a specific formula and usage to indicate the time or progression of an action. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conjugate verbs in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of each tense.
The document summarizes the English tenses in a table format. It lists the simple, perfect, and continuous tenses divided into past, present, and future columns. For each tense, it provides information on signal words used, usage, form, and examples.
Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja
Ciclo Académico Abril Agosto 2011
Carrera: Inglés
Docente: Mgs. Paúl Fernando González Torres
Ciclo: Tercero
Bimestre: Primero
This document provides a summary of various English verb tenses including the present simple, present continuous, past simple, present perfect, and past continuous. It defines when each tense is used, how to form the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms, and provides examples. Key points covered include using the present simple for regular actions, present continuous for ongoing actions, past simple for completed past actions, present perfect for unfinished past actions, and past continuous for background ongoing past actions. Links to online exercises are also provided to test understanding of each tense.
This document provides an overview of verb tenses in English. It discusses the 12 tenses, including present, past, and future tenses. For each tense, it provides the structure, examples of use, and distinctions between them. The simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and future tenses are explained in the most detail. Uses covered include habitual actions, ongoing actions, completed actions, schedules events, and intentions.
This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics in 15 slides. It includes tables of contents, explanations of concepts like the preterite and imperfect tenses, uses of reflexive verbs with "se", types of adverbs and commands, and more. Key details are presented concisely yet comprehensively to serve as a reference guide for various grammar points.
The document provides an overview of basic English grammar concepts for beginner students, including the verb "to be", verb "to have", pronouns, and simple tenses. It explains subject and object pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, and gives examples of forming sentences in the present, past and future tenses for positive and negative statements and questions. Practice exercises are provided to have students write sentences using these grammar structures.
This document provides a grammatical summary of the English and Spanish languages. It discusses the verbs "to be", "to have", and "to do" in English, including their present, past and future forms. It also covers pronouns, demonstratives, indefinite articles, questions words and other grammatical elements in English such as subject-verb agreement and the impersonal "there is/there are". The summary is intended as a reference for both English and Spanish grammar.
The document discusses the different verb tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. There are three main tenses - present, past, and future. Within each main tense there are four forms - simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. Each tense form has a specific formula and usage to indicate the time or progression of an action. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conjugate verbs in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of each tense.
The document summarizes the English tenses in a table format. It lists the simple, perfect, and continuous tenses divided into past, present, and future columns. For each tense, it provides information on signal words used, usage, form, and examples.
Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja
Ciclo Académico Abril Agosto 2011
Carrera: Inglés
Docente: Mgs. Paúl Fernando González Torres
Ciclo: Tercero
Bimestre: Primero
This document provides a summary of various English verb tenses including the present simple, present continuous, past simple, present perfect, and past continuous. It defines when each tense is used, how to form the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms, and provides examples. Key points covered include using the present simple for regular actions, present continuous for ongoing actions, past simple for completed past actions, present perfect for unfinished past actions, and past continuous for background ongoing past actions. Links to online exercises are also provided to test understanding of each tense.
This document provides an overview of verb tenses in English. It discusses the 12 tenses, including present, past, and future tenses. For each tense, it provides the structure, examples of use, and distinctions between them. The simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and future tenses are explained in the most detail. Uses covered include habitual actions, ongoing actions, completed actions, schedules events, and intentions.
This document provides a summary of English verb tenses including:
- The simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses.
- The simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses.
- The future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous tenses.
It also summarizes the conditional and future "be going to" tenses and provides examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms for each English tense.
The document contains a letter discussing a student's semester. The student has been very busy studying and has not had time to write. Several of the student's classes seem more difficult this semester. However, the student has begun to enjoy their physics class, where they have been studying Newtonian physics and learning many interesting things. The student asks how the recipient has been and sends their best wishes.
The document provides a table summarizing English tenses. It lists the tense, signal words used with each tense, its use or meaning, its verb form, and examples in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. The table covers 14 tenses - simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect, past perfect progressive, simple future, future progressive, future perfect, future perfect progressive, conditional, and conditional perfect.
The document is a table of contents for a grammar book about Spanish. It lists 20 different topics that will be covered in the book, including nationalities, stem changers, indirect object pronouns, commands, reflexive verbs, and sequencing events among others. The document provides a high-level overview of the key concepts and sections included in the grammar guide.
This document provides a detailed overview of English verb tenses and their usage. It includes a table that lists 14 verb tenses and their key aspects like examples, signal words, and verb forms used. For each tense, it gives the context in which it is used, such as for present actions, past actions, future actions, or hypothetical situations. It also notes that continuous and progressive can sometimes be used interchangeably for certain tenses. In the end, it emphasizes remembering the action being described when selecting the appropriate tense.
This document provides information about different verb tenses in English including simple past, present, and future tenses, past and present progressive tenses, past perfect, present perfect, and future perfect tenses, and past perfect progressive and future perfect progressive tenses. For each tense, it provides the structure, examples of verbs in that tense form, and examples of sentences using that tense. It also includes tables comparing the different tenses across past, present, and future time frames and provides an exercise for labeling example sentences with the correct verb tense.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
- Stem-changing verbs like pensar, almorzar, pedir, and jugar.
- Uses of para to indicate purpose or recipients.
- Indirect object pronouns and their placement.
- Object pronoun placement with infinitives and conjugated verbs.
- How to express liking with gustar.
- Affirmative and negative words in Spanish.
- Forming superlatives with adjectives and adverbs.
- Uses of reflexive verbs and placement of reflexive pronouns.
- Forming affirmative and negative commands as well as irregular forms.
- Words for sequencing events in Spanish like primer
The document provides information on English grammar tenses and structures, including the present simple, present continuous, past simple, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and future tenses. It also covers modal verbs such as can, may, must, have to, and forms of the verb "to be" in affirmative, negative, and interrogative structures. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage and formation of each grammatical concept.
The document provides an overview of basic English grammar concepts including:
1) Present tense verbs like BE, demonstratives like THIS/THAT, possessive adjectives like MY/YOURS, and the present continuous tense.
2) Other concepts covered include prepositions of place like IN/ON, question forms, irregular plurals, and the verb CAN to show ability.
3) Examples are given for forming sentences in the affirmative, negative, and question forms for these various grammar structures.
This document provides examples of verb tenses and structures in English. It shows the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of simple present, present progressive, simple past, and past progressive tenses. Examples are given for each tense using common verbs like work and go. Signal words that indicate each tense are also listed such as everyday for simple present and last week for simple past.
The document discusses noun clauses and their structure. It defines a clause as a group of words containing a verb that expresses a complete idea. A noun is a person, place or thing that can be the subject or object of a sentence. A noun clause is also a group of words containing a verb, and it functions the same as a noun in a sentence by being the subject or object. The document focuses on noun clauses that serve as the direct object of sentences, specifically after verbs expressing mental activities like "forget" or "think". Noun clauses in this position are usually introduced by subordinating conjunctions like "that", but the conjunction can be omitted. Examples of noun clauses functioning as direct objects are provided.
This document provides information about noun clauses and verb tenses in English. It discusses:
1) The common functions of noun clauses as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. It also discusses alternative words that can be used in place of "that" in noun clauses.
2) How verbs are backshifted in reported speech when the reporting verb is in the simple past tense. It also discusses verbs like "should", "ought to", and "might" that do not change in reported speech.
3) How the simple past, past perfect, and modal "would" are used to make wishes about the present, past, and future.
4) How the present
This document is a grammar book that provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in Spanish including: stem changers, para usage, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, the preterite tense, trigger words, -car -gar -zar verbs, deber + infinitive, modal verbs, and present progressives. It includes definitions and examples for each concept.
This document provides information on the present simple and present continuous tenses in English grammar. It explains that different tenses are used in different situations and carry different meanings. The present simple is used for habitual actions, general truths, and permanent situations. The present continuous is used for actions happening now or actions that are temporary. It provides examples of how to form the present simple and present continuous, including using verbs like "be", and how to make them negative. It notes some verbs are typically not used in the present continuous. Practice exercises with answers are included.
This document provides an overview of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including the differences between qué and cuál, uses of ser and estar, how to conjugate reflexive verbs and tu commands, imperfect verbs and trigger words, formulas like gustar and acabar de, and an introduction to the preterit tense. It covers topics like descriptions, adjectives, locations, occupations, relationships and more. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
The document explains different tenses in English grammar, including the present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense. It uses visual graphics like timelines to illustrate each tense, showing how they relate to the past, present and future. For each tense, it provides examples of usage and diagrams to enhance understanding of when and how to use that particular tense.
The document describes Jessica Flores' routine as a housemaid. It provides details of her housework responsibilities on each day of the week, including sweeping, cooking, laundry, cleaning the bathroom and garage, and spending weekends with her family. It also includes vocabulary related to housework and days of the week.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
1. The preterite and imperfect tenses, their uses, conjugations and irregular verbs.
2. The uses of por and para which can change the meaning of a sentence.
3. Stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns, how they are formed and used.
4. Formal command forms (mandatos formales) including irregular verbs and how to use pronouns.
5. The subjunctive mood and when it is used including with verbs of will/influence, emotion, doubt/denial, and conjunctions.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics. It includes sections on nationalities, stem changing verbs, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexive verbs, commands, sequencing events, preterit tense, and common trigger words. The document serves as a table of contents and outlines key concepts and examples for each grammar point.
This document contains the table of contents for a grammar book in Spanish by Jacobo Nagy. The table of contents lists 19 different grammar topics that will be covered in the book, including stem-changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexives, affirmative and negative commands, the preterite tense, modal verbs, and adverbs.
This document contains the table of contents for a grammar book in Spanish by Jacobo Nagy. The table of contents lists 19 different grammar topics that will be covered in the book, including stem-changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexives, affirmative and negative commands, the preterite tense, modal verbs, and adverbs.
This document provides a summary of English verb tenses including:
- The simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses.
- The simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses.
- The future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous tenses.
It also summarizes the conditional and future "be going to" tenses and provides examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms for each English tense.
The document contains a letter discussing a student's semester. The student has been very busy studying and has not had time to write. Several of the student's classes seem more difficult this semester. However, the student has begun to enjoy their physics class, where they have been studying Newtonian physics and learning many interesting things. The student asks how the recipient has been and sends their best wishes.
The document provides a table summarizing English tenses. It lists the tense, signal words used with each tense, its use or meaning, its verb form, and examples in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. The table covers 14 tenses - simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect, past perfect progressive, simple future, future progressive, future perfect, future perfect progressive, conditional, and conditional perfect.
The document is a table of contents for a grammar book about Spanish. It lists 20 different topics that will be covered in the book, including nationalities, stem changers, indirect object pronouns, commands, reflexive verbs, and sequencing events among others. The document provides a high-level overview of the key concepts and sections included in the grammar guide.
This document provides a detailed overview of English verb tenses and their usage. It includes a table that lists 14 verb tenses and their key aspects like examples, signal words, and verb forms used. For each tense, it gives the context in which it is used, such as for present actions, past actions, future actions, or hypothetical situations. It also notes that continuous and progressive can sometimes be used interchangeably for certain tenses. In the end, it emphasizes remembering the action being described when selecting the appropriate tense.
This document provides information about different verb tenses in English including simple past, present, and future tenses, past and present progressive tenses, past perfect, present perfect, and future perfect tenses, and past perfect progressive and future perfect progressive tenses. For each tense, it provides the structure, examples of verbs in that tense form, and examples of sentences using that tense. It also includes tables comparing the different tenses across past, present, and future time frames and provides an exercise for labeling example sentences with the correct verb tense.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
- Stem-changing verbs like pensar, almorzar, pedir, and jugar.
- Uses of para to indicate purpose or recipients.
- Indirect object pronouns and their placement.
- Object pronoun placement with infinitives and conjugated verbs.
- How to express liking with gustar.
- Affirmative and negative words in Spanish.
- Forming superlatives with adjectives and adverbs.
- Uses of reflexive verbs and placement of reflexive pronouns.
- Forming affirmative and negative commands as well as irregular forms.
- Words for sequencing events in Spanish like primer
The document provides information on English grammar tenses and structures, including the present simple, present continuous, past simple, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and future tenses. It also covers modal verbs such as can, may, must, have to, and forms of the verb "to be" in affirmative, negative, and interrogative structures. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage and formation of each grammatical concept.
The document provides an overview of basic English grammar concepts including:
1) Present tense verbs like BE, demonstratives like THIS/THAT, possessive adjectives like MY/YOURS, and the present continuous tense.
2) Other concepts covered include prepositions of place like IN/ON, question forms, irregular plurals, and the verb CAN to show ability.
3) Examples are given for forming sentences in the affirmative, negative, and question forms for these various grammar structures.
This document provides examples of verb tenses and structures in English. It shows the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of simple present, present progressive, simple past, and past progressive tenses. Examples are given for each tense using common verbs like work and go. Signal words that indicate each tense are also listed such as everyday for simple present and last week for simple past.
The document discusses noun clauses and their structure. It defines a clause as a group of words containing a verb that expresses a complete idea. A noun is a person, place or thing that can be the subject or object of a sentence. A noun clause is also a group of words containing a verb, and it functions the same as a noun in a sentence by being the subject or object. The document focuses on noun clauses that serve as the direct object of sentences, specifically after verbs expressing mental activities like "forget" or "think". Noun clauses in this position are usually introduced by subordinating conjunctions like "that", but the conjunction can be omitted. Examples of noun clauses functioning as direct objects are provided.
This document provides information about noun clauses and verb tenses in English. It discusses:
1) The common functions of noun clauses as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. It also discusses alternative words that can be used in place of "that" in noun clauses.
2) How verbs are backshifted in reported speech when the reporting verb is in the simple past tense. It also discusses verbs like "should", "ought to", and "might" that do not change in reported speech.
3) How the simple past, past perfect, and modal "would" are used to make wishes about the present, past, and future.
4) How the present
This document is a grammar book that provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in Spanish including: stem changers, para usage, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, the preterite tense, trigger words, -car -gar -zar verbs, deber + infinitive, modal verbs, and present progressives. It includes definitions and examples for each concept.
This document provides information on the present simple and present continuous tenses in English grammar. It explains that different tenses are used in different situations and carry different meanings. The present simple is used for habitual actions, general truths, and permanent situations. The present continuous is used for actions happening now or actions that are temporary. It provides examples of how to form the present simple and present continuous, including using verbs like "be", and how to make them negative. It notes some verbs are typically not used in the present continuous. Practice exercises with answers are included.
This document provides an overview of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including the differences between qué and cuál, uses of ser and estar, how to conjugate reflexive verbs and tu commands, imperfect verbs and trigger words, formulas like gustar and acabar de, and an introduction to the preterit tense. It covers topics like descriptions, adjectives, locations, occupations, relationships and more. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
The document explains different tenses in English grammar, including the present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense. It uses visual graphics like timelines to illustrate each tense, showing how they relate to the past, present and future. For each tense, it provides examples of usage and diagrams to enhance understanding of when and how to use that particular tense.
The document describes Jessica Flores' routine as a housemaid. It provides details of her housework responsibilities on each day of the week, including sweeping, cooking, laundry, cleaning the bathroom and garage, and spending weekends with her family. It also includes vocabulary related to housework and days of the week.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
1. The preterite and imperfect tenses, their uses, conjugations and irregular verbs.
2. The uses of por and para which can change the meaning of a sentence.
3. Stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns, how they are formed and used.
4. Formal command forms (mandatos formales) including irregular verbs and how to use pronouns.
5. The subjunctive mood and when it is used including with verbs of will/influence, emotion, doubt/denial, and conjunctions.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics. It includes sections on nationalities, stem changing verbs, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexive verbs, commands, sequencing events, preterit tense, and common trigger words. The document serves as a table of contents and outlines key concepts and examples for each grammar point.
This document contains the table of contents for a grammar book in Spanish by Jacobo Nagy. The table of contents lists 19 different grammar topics that will be covered in the book, including stem-changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexives, affirmative and negative commands, the preterite tense, modal verbs, and adverbs.
This document contains the table of contents for a grammar book in Spanish by Jacobo Nagy. The table of contents lists 19 different grammar topics that will be covered in the book, including stem-changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexives, affirmative and negative commands, the preterite tense, modal verbs, and adverbs.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including:
1) Nationalities, stem-changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, object pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative/negative words, superlatives, and reflexives.
2) Examples of stem-changing verbs like poder, pedir, pensar, and jugar.
3) The meaning and use of para in Spanish sentences.
4) Indirect object pronouns and their placement in sentences.
5) How the conjugation of gustar depends on the direct object, not the indirect object.
6) Affirmative and negative words in Spanish.
The document summarizes Spanish verb conjugations in 3 sentences or less:
Stem-changing verbs can change the vowel sound in the stem or root of the verb depending on the personal ending. There are three types of stem-changing verbs: O to UE, E to IE, and E to I. Regular verbs ending in -AR, -ER, and -IR conjugate according to set patterns in the present, preterite, imperfect, and future tenses. Common irregular verbs have unique conjugations that do not follow the typical patterns.
The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including nationalities, stem changers, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar verbs, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, tu commands, preterite, trigger words, stem changing verbs ending in -car, -gar, -zar, deber + infinitive, modal verbs, present progressives, and adverbs. It includes definitions, examples, and rules for forming and using these various grammar structures in Spanish.
The document provides an overview of key grammar topics in Spanish, including:
1) The uses of "que" vs "cual"
2) The verbs "ser" and "estar"
3) Imperfect verb conjugations and triggers for using the imperfect tense
4) The verb "gustar" and how it is used
5) Transition words to connect sentences
6) Forming commands
The document provides information on key grammar concepts in Spanish, including the differences between qué and cuál, common transitional words, uses of ser and estar, the gustar construction, imperfect verbs and their triggers, acabar de, hacer expressions, reflexive verbs, commands, and preterite tense endings. It defines each concept and provides examples to illustrate proper usage.
The document is a grammar book that provides explanations and examples of Spanish grammar concepts across 10 chapters, including stem changers, para prepositions, indirect object pronouns, reflexive verbs, and ways to sequence events in Spanish. It defines key terms concisely and supports them with clear examples to illustrate proper usage for learners of Spanish grammar.
The document provides a table of contents and overview for a Spanish grammar book. It lists and defines various grammar topics like the present tense, stem changers, reflexives, diphthongs, por vs. para, commands, and the subjunctive. Examples are given for conjugating different verbs in these tenses and moods. Irregular verbs and their forms are identified. The document also contains tables for stem changer verbs and present tense conjugations.
This document provides an overview of key grammar concepts in Honors Spanish 2 including:
1. A table of contents outlining topics such as verbs like gustar, preterite tense conjugations, irregular verbs, commands, and reflexive verbs.
2. Descriptions and examples of concepts like estar vs ser, making commands, using the imperfect tense, DOP and IOP pronoun placement, and saber vs conocer.
3. Lists of irregular verb conjugations in the preterite tense and cucaracha, snake, and spock verbs along with their forms.
The document provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including the differences between qué and cuál, common transitional words, uses of ser and estar, imperfect verbs, trigger words for imperfect tense, expressions using acabar de and hacer, and examples of verbs like gustar. It covers topics such as descriptions, relationships, locations, and emotions. Verb conjugations and commands are also reviewed. The document serves as a reference for basic Spanish grammar structures.
This document provides a summary of key Spanish grammar concepts and vocabulary organized by topic. It covers topics such as que vs cual, verbs like gustar, stem-changing verbs, the preterite tense, ser/estar, reflexive verbs, adverbs, and more. Formulas, examples, and conjugations are provided for many of the grammar structures. The document is intended as a study guide or reference sheet for a Spanish grammar lesson.
This document contains the table of contents and sections of a Spanish grammar guide created by Ana Cartwright for her Spanish 2 class. The guide covers topics such as nationalities, stem changing verbs, object pronouns, preterite tense, superlatives, and more. Each section provides explanations, examples, and conjugations of grammar points.
The document contains an outline for a Spanish grammar lesson. It includes sections on stem changers, indirect object pronouns, object pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, verb tenses like preterite and present progressive, and adverbs. The sections provide examples and explanations of key grammar concepts in Spanish.
The document provides a table of contents for a Spanish grammar book covering topics such as nationalities, stem changers, object pronoun placement, reflexive verbs, sequencing events, and verb tenses including the preterite and present progressive. Each section provides explanations and examples of key grammar concepts.
The document provides a table of contents for a Spanish grammar book covering topics such as nationalities, stem changers, object pronoun placement, reflexive verbs, preterite tense, modal verbs, and adverbs. Each section gives examples and explanations of key grammar concepts.
The document discusses the present simple tense in English. It explains that the present simple is used to talk about general truths, habitual actions, and things that happen regularly. It provides examples of using the present simple in the affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms in the first, second, third person singular and plural. It also discusses using the present simple with adverbs of frequency and the verb "to be".
The document provides an outline of topics related to Spanish grammar, including: nationalities, stem changing verbs, indirect object pronouns, object pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, preterite verbs, modal verbs, present progressive, adverbs, demonstrative adjectives and pronouns, ordinal numbers, prepositions, future, imperfect, possessive adjectives and pronouns, and reflexive verbs. Each topic is numbered and briefly described.
This document provides a table of contents and sections on grammar topics in Spanish including stem changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, affirmative and negative commands, and sequencing events. It includes explanations, examples, and rules for each topic.
This document is the table of contents for a grammar book titled "My Grammar Book" by Ricardo Smith. It covers various topics of Spanish grammar including nationalities, stem-changing verbs, uses of para, adjectives, object pronouns, ser vs estar, -ísimo and g/c/z changes, verbs like gustar, affirmative and negative words, pero vs sino, reflexive verbs, command forms, modal verbs, mente, past participles, preterite, and present progressive tenses. For each topic, it provides examples and explanations of the related grammar concepts.
Elementary World Languages PLC Aug 26, 2015Michelle Olah
This document summarizes the key discussions and activities from an elementary PLC meeting. The meeting included a weekly reflection on successes and areas for growth. They discussed establishing classroom rules and procedures, as well as establishing and communicating clear learning goals. Teachers worked in pairs to discuss and prepare posters on aspects of classroom management, like establishing routines. They also discussed the importance of having clearly defined learning goals and unpacked standards to create measurable goals. Teachers reflected on takeaways and created action plans to implement strategies like learning goals in their own classrooms.
Elementary World Languages PLC Sept 2, 2015Michelle Olah
The document discusses planning effective lessons organized into cohesive units. It addresses indicators related to planning lessons within units and scaffolding information effectively within lessons. Key points covered include considering curriculum guides, standards, and student factors to map out daily lesson skeletons and units. Examples are provided of incorporating critical input experiences, chunking content, and having students interact with and represent new knowledge in various ways.
This document provides a tutorial for creating a teacher website using Weebly. It outlines the steps to set up a Weebly account, choose a theme and URL, and add key elements like titles, text, images, maps, forms and embedded content to pages. It recommends including pages for each level or subject taught, homework, resources and audio practice. It details how to customize the homepage, about and contact pages, and create new pages. The goal is to make the site engaging and encourage students to visit.
SCPS World Languages Curriculum Review 2014 Michelle Olah
This document summarizes a curriculum review workshop for world languages teachers. It discusses evaluating the current curriculum based on standards and proficiency, including content, performance, and proficiency standards. It defines proficiency levels from novice to advanced and how they differ from performance. It also outlines the three modes of communication - interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational - and how to incorporate all standards and modes into the curriculum. The workshop aims to help teachers improve practice and increase student proficiency in world languages.
This document appears to be a presentation containing photos from Flickr under Creative Commons licenses. It discusses reflecting on strengths and areas for development to create a personalized growth plan. It also mentions the SCPS instructional model, Marzano's model, and how it relates to world languages. Learners are prompted to take a foundational criteria self-assessment and complete a linked Google Doc.
This document summarizes Michelle Olah's workshop on bringing mobile devices into the classroom (BYOD). The workshop covered:
1. Having participants complete introductions and group norms exercises using their mobile devices and polling apps.
2. Surveying participants on what devices they have and how they use them to understand capabilities.
3. Developing policies and classroom management techniques for using BYOD, like addressing security and distraction concerns.
4. Choosing the right mobile tools for formative assessments, summative assessments, and delivering content to fit classroom goals.
This document provides reading strategies for pre-reading, during reading, and post-reading. It includes tips for getting into the right mindset before reading, strategies for reading faster such as following with your finger or dividing the text into columns, and examples of organizing what was learned through a KPL chart, mind map, or notes.
Este documento presenta una revisión para el examen de medio término de Español I. Incluye preguntas sobre vocabulario, gramática, cultura hispana y cognados. También contiene ejercicios para practicar verbos, adjetivos posesivos, expresiones de tiempo y preposiciones. El documento proporciona una guía para que los estudiantes revisen los principales conceptos antes del examen.
Este documento presenta vocabulario relacionado con el aeropuerto y las formas progresivas del verbo en español. Explica cómo formar el tiempo progresivo con estar + gerundio y da ejemplos de verbos irregulares y el uso de "acabar de" y "hace...que" para expresar acciones recientes en el pasado.
Este documento presenta las formas del futuro en español. Explica que en lugar de usar "ir + a + infinitivo", se pueden usar terminaciones como "-é", "-ás", etc. junto con el infinitivo del verbo para expresar el futuro. Proporciona ejemplos de conjugaciones regulares e irregulares en el futuro. También explica cómo usar el verbo gustar para decir qué le gusta a quién.
The document outlines a workshop on implementing the new Florida World Languages Standards, which focus on developing students' ability to communicate through five modes: interpretive listening, interpretive reading, interpersonal communication, presentational speaking, and presentational writing. The workshop teaches teachers how to design standards-based instruction through backward design, starting with defining learning goals and assessments before planning activities to help students achieve communication skills.
This document discusses how technology can be used to enhance language learning in the 21st century classroom. It provides examples of several digital tools that allow students to communicate, collaborate, think critically, and stay engaged. These tools include apps for scanning QR codes, polling students in real-time, creating speaking avatars, and sharing cultural content through videos and news headlines. The document emphasizes that schools should reflect the technologies students use in their daily lives and that preparing students for the future requires integrating technology into the classroom starting now.
This document discusses how incorporating technology into world language classrooms can help teach 21st century skills and engage students. It provides examples of how classic speaking and writing presentations can be transformed using tools like Voicethread and Storybird. Teachers are encouraged to take existing projects they already use and redesign them in a way that integrates multimedia and collaboration. Specific ideas are shared, like using Voicethread for family presentations or Storybird for short visual stories. The goal is to help teachers effectively teach language standards while capturing students' interest through technology.
This document discusses how to incorporate technology and 21st century skills like critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity into world language classrooms. It provides examples of using tools like Voicethread, Voki, Storybird, Mixbook, Wallwisher, GoAnimate/Toondoo, LangMedia and AudioLingua to revamp traditional projects for the four language standards: interpretive listening, presentational speaking, presentational writing, and culture. The document encourages teachers to start with classics they love and redesign them into new, exciting projects using web 2.0 tools to better prepare students for the future.
This document provides instructions for a Spanish writing assignment to create a public service announcement about severe weather preparedness. Students are to review vocabulary related to weather and supplies, think of verbs to encourage preparedness, and fill out a graphic organizer with this information. They will then use the vocabulary and organizer to write sentences for the announcement, keeping the language simple and using only vocabulary from the lesson. The finished announcement should educate the community and be creatively designed.
The document provides instructions for writing a paragraph describing yourself and an adult using specific Spanish verbs. It outlines 11 sentences to include in the paragraph providing details about names, ages, descriptions, feelings, likes and the adult's profession. Students are to use the verbs "gustar", "tener", "ser", and "estar" correctly in their paragraph and include all requested information to receive full points.
This document provides instruction on forming informal commands in Spanish. It discusses the forms for affirmative and negative commands using tú forms for singular informal commands. It also covers irregular verbs and commands with object pronouns. The key points are:
- Affirmative commands drop the -s and use the verb stem. Negative commands use the verb stem and add the opposite ending.
- Verbs ending in -car, -gar or -zar have spelling changes in the negative.
- Irregular verbs like venir, decir, salir and hacer have unique affirmative commands.
- Reflexive verbs attach the object pronoun to affirmative commands and place it before the verb in negatives.
This document provides instructions for forming formal commands (affirmative and negative) in Spanish. It discusses:
1. Regular formal commands are formed by taking the "yo" form of the verb, dropping the "-o" ending, and adding opposite personal endings. Negative commands add "no" before the verb.
2. Spelling changes occur for verbs ending in "-car", "-gar", "-zar", where the "c", "g", "z" change when adding endings.
3. Irregular verbs like "ir", "ser", "saber", "estar", "dar" have unique formal command forms.
4. With reflexive verbs, the object pronoun is attached
This document provides information for students taking an online Spanish course, including contact information for the instructor, course structure and pacing, communication policies, and available resources. Students can access all lessons, assignments and tests online and are encouraged to contact the instructor via phone or email with any questions. The course is divided into segments with modules to be completed on a weekly schedule. Students have flexibility to work ahead but must maintain steady progress and communication with the instructor.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. Ud. & Uds. Command Endings:
-Ar verbs -Er and –Ir verbs
Change to: :
Ud. = a Ud. = e
Uds. = an Uds. = en
3. Step one: Conjugate verb in the YO form:
escuchar escucho
escribir escribo
beber bebo
Step Two: Take off O and change to
opposite verb: IR/ER e, en
AR a, an
escucho escuche or escuchen
escribo escriba or escriban
bebo beba or beban
4. WHY put it in the YO form first ???
Because there are a lot of “irregulars”, “go verbs”
and “stem changing” verbs! UGH!
Examples:
Pensar pienso piense / piensen
encontrar encuentro encuentre / encuentren
Dormir duermo duerma / duerman
¡piense! Think! ¡Duermen! Sleep!
“encuentren el perro.” Find the dog!
5. The “Go Verbs” – Verbs that end in GO in the
YO form, end in ga or gan in the
Ud./Uds. commands.
Salir – to go out salgo salga / salgan
Venir – to come vengo venga / vengan
Poner – to put pongo ponga / pongan
Tener – to have tengo tenga / tengan
Hacer – to do/make hago haga / hagan
Traer – to bring traigo traiga / traigan
Salga. = “ go out” Vengan acá. = “You all come here”
Traigan los libros. = “bring the books”
Haga la tarea. = “Do the homework”
Pongan los papeles aquí. = “Put the papers here”
6. The Negative Ud. / Uds. Commands:
-You just put a “no” in front.
Haga Ud. el trabajo. No haga el trabajo.
Coma Ud. la cena. No coma la cena.
Beban Uds. la leche. No beban la leche.
7. Spelling Changes: In order to maintain their original
sound, the verbs that end in: CAR, GAR – change:
OJO: Please print: 7.05 Estructuras Tab.
CAR - Ex: tocar - yo toco no toce = (no, toe – say)
So in order to maintain the K sound, you change it to:
toque or No toque la guitarra. = Don't play the guitar
GAR - Ex: llegar - yo llego no llege = (No, yea hay)
So in order to maintain the GA sound, you change it to:
lleguen - No lleguen tarde. = Don't arrive late.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No practique la música. Don't practice the music.
No juegue al tenis ahora. Don't play tennis now.
8. Formal (Usted) commands.
1. _______________ Ud. 2. No _________________ Ud.
3. __________________Uds. 4. No ___________________ Uds.
5. __________________ Ud. 6. No ___________________ Ud.
7. ________________ Uds. 8. No ___________________ Uds.
Beber, comer, bailar, dormir
9. “Nosotros” Commands:
• To say: “Let’s eat” OR “Let’s dance”
• These are just like the Ud./Uds. Except they end in -mos.
• Ar verbs end in: emos & Ir / er verbs end in: -amos
Example of Regular verbs:
bailar bailamos bailemos
comer comemos comamos
escribir escribimos escribamos
• Stem changing Do NOT change in the nosotros command:
pensar (pienso) pensamos pensemos
10. Nosotros Commands Cont’:
•Spelling changes apply: Examples:
tocar tocamos toquemos
jugar jugamos juguemos
•“go verbs” are the same as Ud. Command, except they
end in –mos. Examples:
Hacer hago hagamos
poner pongo pongamos
salir salgo salgamos
11. Negative “Nosotros” Commands
Just add “NO” in front!
No comamos la pizza
No hablemos por teléfono
No pongamos la tele.
No dormamos
12. Let’s practice:
• What is the affirmative “nosotros” command of:
1. Mirar: ___________________
2. poner: ___________________
• What is the negative “nosotros” command of:
1. dormir: __________________
2. estudiar: _________________
13. Affirmative “TU” Commands:
• The regular TU commands are the exact same
as the 3rd person singular present tense
• That is the él, ella, Ud. form.
Hablar habla comer come escribir escribe
Bailar baila dormir duerme vive vive
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
¡juega! = play! come = eat!
Escribe = write
14. Negative “TU” Commands:
They are exactly like the Ud. / Uds. Commands except you add an S
Step one: Conjugate verb in the YO form:
pensar pienso
dormir duermo
beber bebo
Step Two: Take off O and change to
opposite verb: IR/ER es
AR as
pienso No pienses
duermo No duermas
bebo No bebas
15. Informal Tú Commands
affirmative
-ar verbs -er/-ir verbs
Limpia el cuarto. Come las frutas.
Cierra la puerta. Bebe la leche.
negative
-arverbs -er/-ir verbs
No limpies el cuarto. No comas las frutas.
No cierres la puerta. No bebas la leche.
What is the affirmative tú command of escuchar?
What is the affirmative tú command of escribir?
What is the negative tú command of escuchar?
What is the negative tú command of escribir?
16. Irregular “TU” Commands:
Of course the “Go Verbs” – are irregular.
Affirmative Negative
• Salir – to go out sal no salgas
• Venir – to come ven no vengas
• Poner – to put pon no pongas
• Tener – to have ten no tengas
• Hacer – to do/make haz no hagas
• Traer – to bring trae no traigas
*** Just take off the GO****
17. Informal (Tú) commands.
1. _______________la puerta. 2. No_______________la puerta.
3. _______________en la casa. 4. No_____________en la clase.
5. _______________con cuidado. 6. No_______________rápido.
7. _______________la tele. 8. No _________________la tele.
(Abrir, dormir, manejar, mirar)
18. This is how you’ll see it on the exam:
1. What is the affirmative tú command of
escuchar? escucha
2. What is the affirmative tú command of
escribir? escribe
3. What is the negative tú command of escuchar?
no escuches
4. What is the negative tú command of escribir?
no escribas
19. Direct Object Pronouns:
The object that directly receives the action of the verb is
the direct object. It answers the question: WHAT?
(Or WHO ?)
Ex: Sofia ate the apples.
WHAT did Sofia eat? The apples.
Scott watches TV.
WHAT did Scott watch? The TV.
20. It can be a person:
I see Maria.
Who do I see? Maria
Andrea saw Hannah. Andrea saw HER.
I know Mark & Paul. I know THEM.
My mom saw Joe and I. My mom saw US.
21. Direct Object Pronouns in Eng/Spanish:
Singular Plural
1st
person (me) ME (us) NOS
2nd
person (You) TE (you) OS
3rd
person (him/her) LO / LA LOS / LAS (them)
22. Replacing the “object” with a PRONOUN
In English we would replace it with “IT” or “THEM”
and we put the Object Pronoun AFTER the verb:
Ex: Sofia ate the apples. Sofia ate them.
Scott watches TV. Scott watches it.
23. Replacing the “object” with a PRONOUN
In Spanish you put the Object Pronoun BEFORE the verb:
Ex: Sofia comió las manzanas. Sofia LAS comió.
Scott mira la Tele. Scott LA mira.
Lo La
Los Las
24. Indirect Objects
The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?"
the action of the verb is performed.
He gives María the book.
To whom does he give the book? To María. IO=María
He buys me flowers.
For whom does he buy the flowers? For me. IO=me
So, these *mostly* have to do with people.
25. Indirect Object Pronouns:
Singular Plural
1st ME (for me) NOS (for us)
person
TE (for you) (familiar) OS (for yall)
2nd
person
LE (for you) (formal) LES (for you all)
3rd
person LE (for him/her) LES (for them)
26. Ejemplo:
Lavo la ropa para tí.
TE lavo la ropa.
Ella compra los juguetes
a sus hijos.
Ella LES compra los juguetes.
27. Object Pronouns Con’t.
Michael gave the book to Mary.
Direct Indirect
Lo Me -- me
Los Te -- you
La Le -- him/her
Las Nos -- us
Os --- yall
Les -- them, you
* Para mí = for me all (Uds.)
* para ti = for you (tú)
28. Replacing Object
Pronouns
Michael gave the book to Mary.
Michael gave it to her.
1. BOTH go before the verb -- Michael _____ ______ dio.
2. The object referring to the person (Mary) goes first.
Mary = le book = lo
Michael le lo dio.
29. ¡OJO!
You cannot have 2 pronouns together that start
with the letter L
If so, the first becomes “SE”.
3. Michael le lo dio. **Michael se lo dio.**
30. examples:
1. She buys them them.
Ella se los compra.
El anillo
2. He buys you it.
Te lo compra.
3. They wrote it for us. Una carta
Nos la escribieron.
31. Read the following statement and then decide which of
the choices is correct.
Ellos escribieron la carta a mi.
a. Ellos te la escribieron .
b. Ellos nos lo escribieron .
c. Ellos me la escribieron .
d. Ellos se lo escribieron .
32. Read the following statement and then decide which of
the choices is correct.
Juan mandó el regalo a mi abuela.
a. Juan se la mandó.
b. Juan me lo mandó.
c. Juan se lo mandó.
d. Juan te la mandó.
33. Read the following statement and then decide which of
the choices is correct.
Yo leo los libros a mi hermana.
a. Nos los leo.
b. Me los leo.
c. Se lo leo.
d. Se los leo.
34. Read the following statement and then decide which of
the choices is correct.
Compraron la casa a nosotros.
a. Nos la compraron.
b. Me la compraron.
c. Se lo compraron.
d. Nos lo compraron.
35. Review the vocabulary.
Be prepared to write about what happens in a
Doctor’s office or in the hospital.
Know:
Me,te, le duele
El estómago, la cabeza, el tobillo
Sala de emergencia/radiografía
el hospital, el médico,
Silla de ruedas
Estar enfermo/ a
Tomar la medicina
Tener tos
Una inyección
La gripe
el resfriado
Welcome to the Module 7 Review Session with Sra Medina! In this module you learned new vocabulary, how to form commands and how to use double object pronouns in sentences.
Our final type of command is the tú command. We use these when speaking with our friends or people we know well. The tricky part is that the affirmative tu command is conjugated one way while the negative another. Let’s look at the affirmative tu commands first—look across the top of your chart. The affirmative tu command is the same form of the verb as the present tense third person, in other words, the el/ella form. … Now for the negative tu commands—look across the middle of the chart. These are done the same way as the other commands we first looked at. Put the verb in the yo form, change to o to an E for –ar verbs and to an A for –er/-ir verbs and this time add an –s. … Now pause the presentation and answer the questions at the bottom of the chart.
Time to check your answers! First we have two affirmative commands. Escuchar is an –ar verb so the third person is escucha. Escribir is an –ir verb so the third person is escribe. Now for the negative examples… Put escuchar in the yo form and then change the o to an E and add s…no escuches. Finally, put escribir in the yo form and change the o to an A and add s…no escribas.