The document discusses the different verb tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. There are three main tenses - present, past, and future. Within each main tense there are four forms - simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. Each tense form has a specific formula and usage to indicate the time or progression of an action. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conjugate verbs in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of each tense.

1. TENSES
The word “TENSE” comes from Latin word “tempus” which means time. Verb tenses tell
readers when events or actions occurred in time—in the past, present, or future. In English, there
are three main tenses: the present, the past, and the future.
In English, there are four present, past and future tenses:
 Simple
 Continuous
 Perfect
 Perfect continuous.
PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT SIMPLE/INDIFINATE
We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens
regularly.
FORMULA=S+ First form of verb+ OBJ
S, ES used with verb if subject he, she it and third person singular
Examples
 He goes to school every morning.
 She understands English.

2.  It mixes the sand and the water.
 He tries very hard.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
IN negative sentence of Present Simple Tense, helping verb "Do" or "Does" is placed after the
subject of sentence. If the subject in a sentence is "he, she, it or singular proper noun" then
"Does" is used. In case of "I, we, you, they or plural subjects" "Do" is used in place of "Does".
FORMULA=S+ H.V+ NOT+ First form of verb+ OBJ
EXAMPLE
 She doesn't have a bath every days.
 He does not play the piano very well
 They do not know my phone number.
 I do not read the newspaper every day.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
In interrogative sentence of Present Simple Tense, helping verb "Do" or "Does" is placed at
the beginning of sentence. If the subject in a sentence is "he, she, it or singular proper noun" then
"Does" is used. In case of "I, we, you, they or plural subjects" "Do" is used in place of "Does".
FORMULA=H.V+S+ Fist form of verb+ OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Does she cook food?
 Do they play cricket?
 How does she cook food?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The present continuous tense is a grammatical tense that can be used to describe when
an action happened, or may happen while you are speaking.
Formula
S+H.V (IS, AM, ARE)+First form of verb +ING+OBJ
IS USED WITH= HE, SHE, IT and third person singular
AM used with= I
ARE used with= we, they, you
EXAMPLE

3.  I am writing articles on different topics.
 He is reading various kinds of books.
 They are playing football now.
 She is drinking coffee.
 He is going to the library.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA= S+H.V+NOT+ First form of verb +ING+ OBJ
EXAMPLE
 We are not coming for shopping in this market.
 He is not watching a movie in this Cineplex.
 I am not shopping in that market.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA= H.V+S+ First form of verb+ ING+OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Is he traveling around the world?
 Is the poet writing romantic poems?
 Are you listening to realistic songs?
 Am i quarreling with you?
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The present perfect tense is used to describe something that happened in the past, but the exact
time it happened is not important. It has a relationship with the present.
FORMULA=S+H.V (HAVE/HAS)+3rd form of verb +OBJ
HAS= HE, SHE, IT and third person singular
HAVE= I, WE, THEY, YOU
EXAMPLE
 She has lived here all her life.
 They have written three letters already.
NEGATIVE SENTNCES
FORMULA=S+H.V+NOT+3rd form of verb +OBJ

4. EXAMPLE
 He has not finished his homework.
 We have not gone to Canada.
 She has not forgotten her folder.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=H.V+S+3rd form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Have the children made a mess in the kitchen?
 Has he started a new job?
 Has she finished her work?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
Present Perfect Continuous tense represents the work which started in the past and is still
running.
FORMULA= S+H.V (HAVE BEEN/HAS BEEN)+ First form of verb +ING+ OBJ+ Since/For
HAS BEEN= HE, SHE, IT and third person singular
HAS BEEN= I, WE, THEY,YOU
EXAMPLE
 I have been writing articles on different topics since morning.
 He has been reading the book for two hours.
 They have been playing football for an hour.
NEGATIVE SENTNCES
FORMULA= S+H.V=NOT+V1+ING+OBJ
EXAMPLE
 She has not been finding the dress since morning.
 He has not been studying in the library for three hours.
 We have not been shopping at this fair for two hours.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA= H.V+S+1form of verb+ ING+ OBJ+ Since /For

5. EXAMPLE
 Have you been watching a movie in this Cineplex for two hours.
 Have they been shopping in that market for three hours.
 Has she been singing different kinds of songs since morning.
PAST TENSE
PAST SIMPLE TENSE
The past indefinite tense, also known as simple past tense, is used to indicate a finished or
completed action/task that occurred/happened at a specific point in time in the past.
FORMULA=S+2nd form of verb+ OBJ
EXAMPLE
 I wrote articles on different topics.
 He read various kinds of books.
 They played football in that field.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=S+H.V (DID)+NOT+1st form of verb+ OBJ
EXAMPLE
 He did not go to the library yesterday.
 We did not say anything about you.
 They did not meet us yesterday.
INTERROGATIVE TENSES
FORMULA=H.V (DID)+S+1st form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Did you see the snake?
 Did he complete this work?
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSES
The past continuous tense, also known as the past progressive tense, refers to a continuing action
or state that was happening at some point in the past.

6. FORMULA=S+H.V (WAS/WERE)+1st form of verb +ING+OBJ
WAS= HE, SHE, IT AND THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
WERE= I, WE, THEY,YOU
EXAMPLE
 The sun was shining every day that summer.
 My friends were playing cricket in that ground.
 I was watching television.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=S+H.V (WAS/WERE)+NOT=1st form of verb+ ING+OBJ
EXAMPLE
 I was not making dinner when she arrived.
 I was not eating dinner.
 She was not talking constantly in class in those days.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=H.V+S=1st form of verb +ING+OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Were they going to their college?
 Was he coming to his home?
 Was she singing a song?
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect tense is used to show that something happened before another action in the past.
It can also be used to show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
FORMULA=S+H.V (HAD)+3rd form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 She had met him before the party.
 The plane had left by the time.
 I had written the email before he apologized.
 Kate had wanted to see the movie.

7. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=S+H.V (HAD)+NOT+3rd form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 We had not purchased the winning ticket.
 She had not told the truth.
 She had not seen her friend.
 He had not asked another question.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=H.V+S+3rd form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Had he purchased the winning ticket?
 Had he told the truth?
 Had she seen her friend?
 Had you asked another question?
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect progressive tense) shows that
an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past.
FORMULA=S+H.V (HAD BEEN) +1st form of verb +ING+ OBJ+ Since/For
EXAMPLE
 They had been doing their work since 2006.
 He had been eating vegetables for three years.
 She had been cleaning her home since January 2013.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA==S+H.V (HAD BEEN)+NOT+1st form of verb +ING+OBJ+ Since/For
EXAMPLE
 They had not been doing their work since 2006.
 He had not been eating vegetables for three years.
 She had not been cleaning her home since January 2013.

8. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=H.V (HAD BEEN)+S+1st form of verb +ING+OBJ+ Since/For
EXAMPLE
 Had she been trying to get job since 2016?
 Had you been taking medicine for six months?
 Had they been playing chess since 4oclock?
FUTURE TENSES
FUTURE SIMPLE/INDIFINATE
It is used to express an action which has not occurred/happened yet and will occur/happen after
sometime in future.
FORMULA=S+H.V (WILL/SHALL)+1st form of verb +OBJ
WILL= HE, SHE, IT AND THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
SHALL=I, WE,THEY, YOU
EXAMPLE
 I will go to school
 She will eat an ice-cream
 They will take dinner
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=S+H.V (WILL/SHALL)+NOT+ 1st form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 We will not finish your work.
 He will not take a Dinner.
 They will not come here.
 You will not play football.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=H.V (WILL/SHALL)+S+1st form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Will he speak English?
 Will you write a letter?

9.  Will they reject us?
FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
The future continuous refers to an unfinished action or event that will be in progress at a time
later than now. The future continuous is used for quite a few different purposes. The future
continuous can be used to project ourselves into the future.
FORMULA=S+H.V (WILL BE/SHALL BE)+1st form of verb +ING+OBJ
WILL BE= HE, SHE, IT AND THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
SHALL BE= I, WE, THEY, YOU
EXAMPLE
 They will come tomorrow.
 I shall purchase new computer.
 You will see her in future.
 We shall win this match.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=S+WILL/SHALL+NOT+BE+1st form of verb +ING+OBJ
EXAMPLE
 He will not be working with them.
 They will not be coming here
 He will not be driving your car.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=WILL/SHALL+S+BE+1st form of verb+ING+OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Shall we be getting ready to go out?
 Will she be teaching at the school?
 Will you be waiting for the bus?
FUTURE PERFECT TENSES

10. Future perfect tense indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at
some point in the future.
FORMULA=S+H.V (WILL HAVE/SHALL HAVE)+3rd form of verb +OBJ
WILL HAVE= HE, SHE, IT AND THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
SHALL HAVE=I, WE, THEY, YOU
EXAMPLE
 I will have finished this book.
 You will have studied the English tenses.
 She will have cooked dinner.
 He will have arrived.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=S+WILL/SHALL+NOT+HAVE+3rd form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 We will not have met Julie.
 It will not have stopped raining.
 They will not have left Japan.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=WILL/SHALL+S+HAVE+3rd form of verb +OBJ
EXAMPLE
 Shall we have had dinner by this time?
 Shall I have sent an email to you?
 Will he have left to India?
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
FORMULA=S+H.V(WILL HAVE BEEN0SHALL HAVE BEEN)+V1+ING+OBJ+Since/For
EXAMPLE
 I shall have been waiting for him for one hour.
 She will have been playing football since 2015.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES

11. FORMULA=S+WILL HAVE/SHALL HAVE+NOT+BEEN+V1+ING+OBJ+Since/For
EXAMPLE
1. I shall not have been waiting for him for one hour.
2. She will not have been playing football since 2015.
3. She will not have been baking since morning.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
FORMULA=WILL HAVE/SHALL HAVE+S+been+v1+ing+obj+Since/For
EXAMPLE
1. Will you not have been reading for two days?
2. Shall we not have been playing cricket since 1 O' clock?
REFRENCES
https://www.aresearchguide.com/the-existing-verb-tenses.html
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/verb-tenses/