Flowers have distinct structures that allow for reproduction. A flower consists of a pedicel, bracts, receptacle, perianth, hypanthium, nectaries, androecium, and gynoecium. The androecium refers to the male organs or stamens, while the gynoecium refers to the female organs or carpels. Flowers can be complete or incomplete, perfect or imperfect, and plant sex can be hermaphroditic, monoecious, or dioecious.

1. Flowers Presented by: Geonyzl L. Alviola

2. Intro on flowers A diagnostic feature of the angiosperm. Modified reproductive shoot The shoot is determinate

3. Flower parts

4. Pedicel – the flower stalk (if absent the flower attachment is sessile)‏ Bract – reduced leaf Epicalyx - series of bracts calyx epicalyx

6. Receptacle – region of the flower which the floral parts are attached Perianth (perigonium)‏ receptacle

7. Tepals – if perianth is undifferentiated/ the individual leaf parts - The term tepal is usually used when all segments of the perianth are of similar shape and color,

8. Perianth is differentiated into two groups A. Calyx – the outermost series of the whorl and consist of individual units of modified leaves called SEPALS B. Corolla – the inner most series that consist a modified leaves called PETALS

10. Hypanthium – Floral tube - a cup like or tubular structure - around or top of the ovary - bearing along the margin the sepals, petals and stamen

12. Nectary – a specialized structure that secretes nectar - found on parianth parts , - or within the receptacle - or within the androecium or gynoecium

15. Androecium refers to all of the male organs - collectively called STAMENS consist of the following parts: a. filament (stalk-like) b. anther (pollen bearing)

17. Gynoecium refers to all female organs of a flower. - collective called CARPEL(pistil) consist of the following parts: a. ovary b. style c. stigma

18. gynoecium

19. Gynostegium - the male and female organs are fused as one structure

20. Androgynophore - A stalk that bears the androecium and gynoecium

21. Flower Attachment

22. Pedicellate Flowers with pedicel

24. Flower cycly

25. Flower Cycly Refers to the number of cycles (series of whorls) or floral parts. Two basic terms : 1. Complete – having all four major series (sepals, petals, stamens & carpels) 2. Incomplete – for a flowering lacking one or more of the four major whorls or parts.

26. Complete Flower

27. Incomplete flower Raspberry Tulip

28. Flower Sex and Plant Sex

29. Floral Sex or Flower sex Refers to the absence or presence of male and female parts with the flower. two kinds : Perfect / bisexual – both stamen and carpel are present in one flower Imperfect/ unisexual – only one is present

30. Imperfect Have two kinds : 1. Pistillate (female) – carpel present but stamen absent

31. Imperfect Flower 2. Staminate – have only the stamen

32. Plant Sex Refers to the presence and distribution of perfect and imperfect flower on individual of a species. A. Hermaphroditic – only a perfect flower B. Monoecious – a plant with only unisexual flowers both male and female on the same individual plant C. Dieocious – have unisexual flower with staminate and pistillate on separate individuals

33. Monoecious Plant

34. Dioecious

35. Other variations Polygamous plant – having both bisexual and unisexual flowers Andromonoecious plant - having both staminate and perfect flowers on the same individual Gynomonoecious plant – both pistillate and perfect flowers on the same individual

36. Trimonoecious – refers to a plant with pistillate, staminate and perfect flowers on the same individual Gynodiecious – refers to a plant with female flowers on some individuals and perfect flowers on the other

37. Androdioecious – refers to a plant with male flowers on some and perfect flowers on othe individuals Trioecious – refers to a plant with pistillate, staminate and perfect flowers on different individuals

38. Flower Symmetry