The document presents a comparative table of various plant groups including liverworts, mosses, horsetails, and ferns, focusing on their body form, presence of roots, stems, and leaves, types of asexual and sexual reproduction methods. It outlines that liverworts have flattened thalli with asexual reproduction through gemmae, while mosses and horsetails exhibit upright forms with similar sexual reproduction methods involving male and female organs. Ferns are characterized by reduced leaves and a free-living haploid gametophyte, highlighting the diversity of reproductive strategies in these plant types.

1. Fill out the following table, using examples were appropriate.
Solution
CharacteristicLiverwortsMossesHorsetailsFernsBody formFlattened thallusUprightUpright
Above ground, flat/uprightPresence of
Roots, Stems
and leavesYes, stems and leaves not clearly differentiated Yes, allYes, Leaves reduced, usually
non-photosyntheticYes, allMethod of asexual reproductionGemmae and tips of forked thalli give
rise to progenyGemmaevegetative, via rhizomessporophyte, diploidMethod of sexual
reproductionMale organs: Antheridia
Female organs: Archegonia,
Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for
fertilizationMale organs: Antheridia
Female organs: Archegonia,
Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for
fertilization, formation of sporophyte after fertilizationspores germinate to form male and
female prothallifree-living gametophyte, haploid. Union of gametes to produce offspring