This document discusses different types of floor coverings and finishes. It describes hard floor finishes like cement, terrazzo, stone, ceramic tiles, resin and wood. It also covers semi-hard finishes like thermoplastic, vinyl, linoleum and rubber sheets. Soft floor finishes discussed include carpets. The document provides tips for cleaning different floor types and lists agents that can be used to clean marble floors. It was authored by Sunil Kumar, a research scholar at Maharshi Dayanand University.

1. FLOOR COVERING/FLOOR COVERING/
FLOOR FINISHFLOOR FINISH
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com

2. • The term floorings or floor finish
usually refers to all floors surface
other than carpet
• Floors forms the basis on which the
rest of the room is planned
• Kind of flooring required depends on
the purpose of the room

3. Classification of FloorClassification of Floor
FinishesFinishes
• Hard floor finishes
• Semi – hard floor finishes
• Soft floor finishes

4. Hard Floor FinishesHard Floor Finishes
• Cement
• Terrazzo
• Stone (marble, granite, limestone)
(slate)
• Ceramic tiles
• Resin
• Wood

5. CementCement
• Cement is mixed with
water to form a paste,
which is then mixed
with other materials to
form a hard product
called concrete

6. TerrazzoTerrazzo
• Terrazzo- Marble chips mixed with
cement uses- (often used in
swimming pools)

7. GranolithicGranolithic
• Granolithic- granite chips
mixed with cement
uses- (used for bathrooms
counter)

8. StoneStone (( marble, granite,marble, granite,
limestonelimestone))
• The natural stone are available in slab
form, is usually cut in tiles from quarried
blocks of the stone or rocks
• Floors made from marble & granite are
expensive and hard on feet
• Provides beautiful flooring material that
has a timeless, elegant quality
• They referred as hard floors because
they offer no resilience, are cold underfoot
and noisy in comparison to other types of
floors

9. slateslate
• This is used in store rooms,
kitchens, back areas and
laundry

10. Ceramic tilesCeramic tiles
• Ceramics tiles are natural
product made from clay,
• Glazed ceramics tiles
have a ceramic coating
applied to the tile body,
which gives the tile its
colour and finish
Glazed tiles are used in
kitchens and bathrooms

11. ResinResin
• Synthetic resin (polyester)
• Some marble chips are
mixed to make it more
attractive
• Due to the resilience of
resin the flooring show a
good recovery, inspite of
shiny surface they are non-
skid
• Used in laundry, cold
storage and back areas

12. BitumasticBitumastic
• This is joint less flooring and consist
of asphalt rolled on to a solid
subfloor in a hot plastic state
• Used in public bathrooms, hospital
corridors and other heavy traffic
areas
• It is harm by spirit, oil and acids

13. Magnesite flooringMagnesite flooring
• This consist of wood floor
and other fillers mixed
with burnt magnesite
and laid in form of situ or
blocks
• This are warm in
appearance with low cost
• Washing is avoided
• Used in linen rooms

14. Wood flooringWood flooring
• The elegant look of hard wood floor
can add warmth and character to
any room in a home
• The natural characteristics of wood
add depth and visual appearance
that many other types of floors try
to duplicate
• Wooden floors can be made from the
following wood:- Oak, Teak,
Rosewood, Walnut, Sandal, Cedar,
Honne, Mathi, Saal etc
• Used in Gymnasium, Health clubs,
bar and Dance floor
• Patterns of wood
Strip wood
Parquet herring bone
Parquet basket pattern

15. Semi – Hard Floor FinishesSemi – Hard Floor Finishes
• Thermoplastic
• Vinyl
• Linoleum
• Rubber sheets

16. ThermoplasticThermoplastic
• Made of asphalt tiles in the form of
warm, pliable slate, which hardens
on cooling

17. VinylVinyl
• Manufactured from
PVC or other synthetic
resins.
• Used on staircases and
pathways

18. LinoleumLinoleum
• Powdered cork +
resin +linseed oil
put in a jute
canvas, and the
whole is subjected
to heat and
pressure.
Used in linen rooms
and offices

19. Rubber sheetsRubber sheets
• Used in areas like
bars and
bathrooms
• They are noise free

20. Soft Floor FinishesSoft Floor Finishes
CarpetsCarpets
• Carpets are often referred as soft
floorings / grass floor coverings.
• They can be categorized by their
construction , patterns & types of
yarn used.
• A good carpeted floor usually
enhances look & appearance of your
premises .

21. USE OF CARPETSUSE OF CARPETS
• GIVES PERSONALITY TO WORK PLACE RANGING
FROM BOLD TO FORMAL.
• IN HOSPITALITY SETTINGS IT CAN PROVIDE
DIRECTIONAL CLUES TO MOVE PEOPLE TO THE
REGISTRATION COUNTERS OR ELEVATORS.
• IN HEALTHCARE DIVISON CARPETS CAN BE
SOOTHING & EMOTIONAL HEALING.
• IT CAN BLOCK OUT SOUND IN A SCHOOL COMPUTER
LAB
• IN RETAIL, CARPETS ARE A WELCOME ADDITION.
• THE POPULARITY OF CARPETS HAS GROWN
TREMENDOUSLY IN RESTAURANTS, HOTELS,
OFFICES,SHOPS AS CARPETED FLOOR OFFERS
COMFORT, INCREASES NOISE ABSORBANCY & HAS
AN ASTHETIC APPEAL.

22. THEY HAVE THREETHEY HAVE THREE
COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS::
A) UNDERLAY/ PADDINGA) UNDERLAY/ PADDING
B) SECONDARY BACKINGB) SECONDARY BACKING
C) PILE- (2 types) hard, loopedC) PILE- (2 types) hard, looped

23. Types of carpetsTypes of carpets
• Woven
•
• Tufted
• Pile bonded
• Needle punched
• Electrostatically
flocked

24. Methods of cleaning carpetsMethods of cleaning carpets
• Vacuuming
• Dry powder cleaning
• Dry foaming cleaning
• Rotary shampoo machines
• Water extraction

25. Different floor coverings inDifferent floor coverings in
different roomsdifferent rooms
• Kitchen and bathroom- vinyl,
linoleum, cork, ceramics, natural
stone, concrete, wood, laminate
• Living rooms- carpets, wood
• Bed rooms- carpets

26. How to clean hard floorHow to clean hard floor
• Floor cleaning is a major
occupation throughout the world.
The main job of most cleaners is to
clean floors
•

27. The principal reasons for floorThe principal reasons for floor
cleaning are:cleaning are:
• To prevent injuries due to tripping or slipping.
Injuries due to slips and trips on level floors are a
major cause of accidental injury or death. Bad
practice in floor cleaning is itself a major cause of
accidents.[1]
• To beautify the floor
• To remove stains, dirt, litter and obstructions
• To remove grit and sand which scratch and wear
down the surface.
• To remove allergens, in particular dust
• To prevent wear to the surface e.g. by using a
floor wax or protective sealant.
• To make the environment sanitary e.g. in
kitchens
• To maintain an optimum traction e.g. for dance
floors

28. Methods of floor cleaningMethods of floor cleaning
• The treatment needed for different types of floors
is very different. For safety it is most important to
ensure the floor is not left even slightly wet after
cleaning or mopping up.
• Sawdust is used on some floors to absorb any
liquids that fall rather than trying to prevent them
being spilt. The sawdust is swept up and replaced
each day. This was common in the past in pubs
and is still used in some butchers and
fishmongers.
• It used to be common to use tea leaves to collect
dirt from carpets and remove odours. Nowadays
it is sill quite common to use diatomaceous earth,
or in fact any cat litter type material, to remove
infestations from floors.

29. Wood flooringWood flooring
• Wood flooring should be treated
completely differently depending on
whether it waxed or oiled, or
whether it has a polyurethane
coating. It is important to determine
the type of finish of a wood floor and
always treat it the appropriate way,
for instance it is difficult to clear
wood floor wax from a polyurethane
floor.

30. Tips for cleaning differentTips for cleaning different
types of floorstypes of floors
• The Linoleum floor can be cleaned with any
solvent that is not chemical-based. Using
aggressive scrubbing pad must be avoided. Avoid
using alkaline products on these type of tiles as it
causes the floor to turn yellow very soon.
• Whatever be the type of floor, test clean a small
tiled area first and see the effects before using a
floor cleanser on the entire floor.
• The floors with unglazed floor tiles can be cleaned
by vacuum cleaners. They should be dusted very
often. Use a mild detergent and little water to
clean them.

31. Tips for cleaning differentTips for cleaning different
types of floorstypes of floors
• The Hardwood type of floors can be
cleaned with oil soap and follow the
instructions as mentioned on it. Before
using oil soap, make sure that the tiles are
free from dirt and dust. Use a moist mop
or a sponge mop to apply on the floor but
do not allow it to wet excessively. Let the
floor dry before using it again. Regular
cleaning of such floors will get rid of the
scratches of the tiles.
• Sweep concrete floors often and use any
degreaser or detergent based cleaner on
them.
• The rubber tiled floors need to be cleaned

32. Agents used to clean MarbleAgents used to clean Marble
• Acetone
• Hydrogen peroxide or Ammonia
• Marble cleaner ( Taski product
Nobile)
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com