This document provides information about flower arrangements designed by Sunil Kumar. It begins with an introduction to flower arranging, including basic designs like vertical, horizontal, triangular and oval arrangements. It then describes different types of flowers that can be used, such as acacia, ageratum, amaryllis, and baby's breath. Various styles of flower arrangements are covered, including western, circular, triangular, crescent, fan, and Ikebana arrangements. Guidelines are provided for selecting arrangements and proper care, like watering, trimming stems, and removing leaves from the water. Essential florist equipment is also outlined.

1. FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT
SUNIL KUMAR
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com

2. INTRODUCTIONFlower arrangement is the combination of several
elements to produce a visually pleasing display of
fresh, silk or dried flowers. Flowers are arranged in
several basic designs, including vertical, horizontal,
triangular, crescent, and oval arrangements. Other
options include a minimal arrangement, such as the
lazy “S” or “Hogarth’s Curve,” and free-standing
arrangements. Hogarth’s curve is named for English
painter William Hogarth who introduced designs
shaped like the curves of the letter “s” into floral
design.
SUNIL KUMAR

3. Types of flower
 Acacia
 Ageratum
 Amarylis
 Baby's-breath
 Bachelor's-button
 Belladonna
 Calla
 Candytuft
 Canna
 Canterbury
 bellCaper
 Carnation
 Daffodil
 Dahlia
 Daisy
 Dandelion
 Easter lily
 Eucalyptus
 Gardenia
 Gentian
 Geranium
 Ginger
 Heath
 Heliotrope
 Hollyhock
 Honeysuckle
 Iris
 Jack-in-the-pulpit
 Jasmine
 JonquilL
 Lady's-slipper
 Larkspur
 Lavender
 Licorice
 Lilac
 Lily
SUNIL KUMAR

4. WESTERN FLORAL IDEASWestern Floral Ideas
For a western event structured flower
arrangements would look out of
place. If you want a total old west
motif, you will want to have your
flowers look simple and hand done.
Remember in the old west they
would not have had a florist and hot
house flowers.
.
 Types of flowers used for
western arrangement :
Wildflowers, Gerbera Daisies, Asters, Snap
Dragons, Spray Roses, Marigolds, Black-
eyed Susan, Sunflowers, Wax Flowers,
Crocusmia (Mt. Bresia), Limonium Misty,
Solidago, Delphinium and shafts of Wheat
SUNIL KUMAR

5. Western style arrangement
Float candles in galvanized pails or wide mouth Mason jars.
Use a wide mouth Mason jar. Add a couple of inches of water. Float a single flower head in the water. To
keep your flower from sinking in the water, cut a circle from a Styrofoam plate that is slightly smaller than
the flower. Push the flower stem through the middle of the Styrofoam and place into the water. The stem
should only be about an inch long.
Wrought-iron candelabras will add to the festive, outdoorsy atmosphere, a fitting scene for a formal
western event.
SUNIL KUMAR

6. TypES OF FOLIAGE pLANTS:
Achyranthes
Alternanthera Dracæna (Cordyline)--Indivisa
Dracæna
Leopard Plant--Farfugium grande
Pandanus
Pandanus utilis
Pepper
The Rubber (Ficus.)
Saxifraga: S. sarmentosa tricolor
Sensitive Plant (Mimosa pudica
Zebra Plant (Maranta zebrina)--
 Anthericum (A. variegatum)–
Araucaria
Aspidistra
Caladium
Coleus
SUNIL KUMAR

7. TypES OF FLOWER
Line Flowers
 Line flowers have tall narrow profiles
and are used both vertically and
horizontally to establish an
arrangement's height and width. They
include gladioli, delphiniums, freesias,
larkspur and giant snapdragons.
SUNIL KUMAR

8. Focal Flowers :
Focal flowers are the
largest and showiest flowers
in an arrangement. Roses,
peonies, hydrangeas, football
chrysanthemums and lilies
are some focal flowers.
SUNIL KUMAR

9. Filler Flowers :
Clusters of individual
flowers on a single stem,
like babies' breath, statice,
wax flowers, limonium and
solidaster, provide color
and body between the line
and focal flowers.
SUNIL KUMAR

10. Textured Flowers :
Textured flowers create visual
interest. The contrast between
a dozen densely frilled
variegated carnations and a
smooth, sleek, solid colored
vase, for example, makes a
simple but striking
arrangement.
SUNIL KUMAR

11.  Fragrant Flowers :
Stargazer lilies, freesia,
lilac, stock, some roses and
wax flowers all have
pleasing fragrances. They
add an unexpected and
haunting dimension to
flower arrangements.
SUNIL KUMAR

12. TYPES OF FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT
Circular shape:
Arranging flower in circular design adds a
pleasing element. It is satisfying to the
viewer's eye. The circular or round shape is
loved by nature since majority of flowers lies
in this shape. In fact, its also easier to
arrange flowers in circular fashion. This type
of arrangement is laid on conference tables or
on buffet tables. They can be presented to
high class executives or politicians on
different occasion.
SUNIL KUMAR

13. Triangular shape :
It is a most common arrangement of
flowers used in Personal and Professional
functions. Firstly, height and width is fixed
with flowers and then focal point is
established. It is made in the triangle
shape and looks very attractive. They are
placed on the buffet table or in the side
station. In ceremonies we can find this
kind of arrangements.
SUNIL KUMAR

14. Crescent shape:
The crescent is asymmetrical and
formal. It requires lot of skill and
experience. This type of
arrangement is very eye catching. It
is kept in the lobby of the hotel. It is
used as a focal point to catch the
attention of the guest.
SUNIL KUMAR

15. Fan shape : It is a
low arrangement and it does not
interfere with conversation across the
table. It is a fan or a horizontal in
shape generally placed in the
restaurant either in buffet or on dining
table. Hotel rooms also have this kind
of arrangement
SUNIL KUMAR

16. Hogarth or 'S'
shape:
This is very graceful style of
arrangement. It is easier to make
when curved branches are used. Once
'S' shape is made, flowers are filled at
the center.
SUNIL KUMAR

17. Ikebana: IT
means 'making flowers live' in Japanese. People in
Japan use flowers to symbolize season. They
represent ideal harmony between earthy and eternal
life. In each arrangement there is an imaginary
triangle tallest line represent heaven, towards the
heaven is man and the lowest line looking up to both
is earth. This is been practiced for past 100 years.
The formal type of flower arrangement is called Seika
style. Floating type of arrangement is called Ukibana
and basket type of arrangement is called Morimano.
SUNIL KUMAR

18. GUIDELINES FOR FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
 A fresh flower arrangement is one of the best gifts a person can receive.
Every arrangement carries love and a special message for the recipient.
As a result a fresh floral arrangement can literally brighten up their day
and make them feel they are loved and cared about. Here are some
special care tips for floral arrangements that will help the arrangement
last longer.
Selecting the Floral Arrangement
If you plan to buy flowers that are already arranged, look them over carefully to make
sure that they are fresh. Ideally, the flowers should just be starting to open. None of the
flowers should have any spots on them. If the flowers are not already arranged ask the
florist to use flowers that are just beginning to bloom. Choose flowers that have a longer
life span like chrysanthemums, carnations, anthuriums or orchids.
SUNIL KUMAR

19. Watering
Water your flowers when they arrive and then change the water completely every other
day. The florist will include a package of preservatives with your arrangement to help it
last longer. Follow the directions on the package. An important care tip for floral
arrangements is to use the exact amount of water the directions call for. If you dilute the
preservative too much or don´t add enough water it will damage your floral
arrangement. If for some reason you don´t receive the package of preservative or you
run out, you can place an aspirin or a pinch of salt in a quart of water and it will work
the same as the preservative. Spray the entire arrangement lightly with water every 2 to
3 days to help keep it fresh.
SUNIL KUMAR

20. Stems
Every 2 to 3 days trim the stems on all of the flowers. Before you cut them off, place the stems in a
large pan of warm water and cut them while they are under the water. This will allow the water
to enter the stem immediately. This is one of the most important care tips for floral
arrangements. Use a pair of garden sheers or sharp scissors and cut off one half inch. Be sure to
cut them at an angle so the stems don´t rest flat on the bottom of the vase.
Leaves

One of the care tips for floral arrangements warns you to remove any leaves
that are lower on the stems and that would be touching the water in the vase.
When the water touches the leaves it causes them to decay and allows bacteria
to form inside of the vase causing the flowers to wilt faster.
SUNIL KUMAR

21. Temperature
Be careful where you place your floral arrangement. It needs to be placed in a temperate
area that isn't too cold or too hot. Extremes will damage your flowers. The ideal
temperature for your floral arrangement is 65º -70º F. Be careful not to put it in direct
sunlight or in a draft so that the leaves don´t become dehydrated. By following these simple
care tips for floral arrangements you will receive the maximum enjoyment from your flowers.
D. Damore, a 30 year veteran in the retail floral industry, shares his experience on
the different aspects of fresh cut flowers, green and flowering plants for all
occasions.
SUNIL KUMAR

22. First things First!
Materials
Fresh floral material(carnations, baby’s
breath, backer’s fern)
Floral Container
Floral Foam (Oasis)
Florist wire and wire cutters
Sharp florist Knife
Florist shears
SUNIL KUMAR

23. ESSENTIAL FLORIST
EQUIPMENT
Essential Items for your Workbox
Scissors - to cut stems, wires, ribbon etc.
Knife – for cutting stems and floral foam. Take care how
you store this in your box to avoid any unnecessary
accidents.
Secateurs - used for cutting thick woody stems. Same care
as above
Wires- used to support, control and anchor materials or to
lengthen stems. Wires come in different sizes. It is a good
idea to keep wires in separate boxes or containers as the
ends can be quite sharp, also store different sized wires
separately for easy access. Wires should be kept in a dry
area to avoid rusting.
SUNIL KUMAR

24. Tape - this is used to conceal wires and seal stem ends. There are usually two types of tape –
one made of a very fine plastic material which stretches over wires, stems etc and is pliable
when warmed up by your hand, while the other is more like crepe paper which is slightly
sticky. Floral tape should be kept dry.
Pot tape – sticky tape used to secure foam into containers
Fix – adhesive which comes in a roll and can be cut into small pieces. Generally used to fix
plastic frogs to a container
SUNIL KUMAR

25. Glue gun - Used to attach ribbon to foam bases; attaching foam to containers,
attaching swags or flowers into bouquet holders. There are two types – hot and
cool. Cool is usually used with materials that may melt.
Stapler- Used to attach ribbon or create a ribbon base. Use with care so not to
staple ourself and put away after use.
Plastic tubes - Ideal for single stemmed flowers. Keep stored away to ensure clear
work space.
SUNIL KUMAR

26. Ribbon - to finish off bouquets, plants etc to add an attractive finishing touch.
Again usually stored on a roll.
Gift cards and care cards - for the recipient to know where the flowers have come
from (and usually why!!) and to know how to care for their flowers/plant etc. Gift
cards are usually on display in the florists for the sender to choose.
SUNIL KUMAR

27. The Flower
ConTainers
SUNIL KUMAR
Urns
Baskets
Glass vases
Ceramic vases
Grapevine wreath
Metal containers
Trays
Boxes
Foams
Terra cotta pots

28. arranGeMenTTulip Wedding
Bouquet
Tulip itself has a lot of varieties. Combining
them with other flowers create an inifinite
choice of lovely wedding bouquets.
For a cascade bouquet, mix white tulips with
bright yellow calla lilies. Or you can have an
all-white bouquet with white tulips and white
stephanotis.
For round bouquets, mix white tulips and red
roses.
For hand-tied bouquets, get white tulips,
agapanthus, snapdragon and lisianthus and tie
them together with a white satin ribbon.
Tulips wedding bouquets will create a romantic
atmosphere on your most memorable day. It is
the perfect wedding bouquet any bride can
have on her wedding day.
SUNIL KUMAR

29. Hope you
have
enjoed the
slides
SUNIL KUMAR
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com