The document summarizes different types of carpets produced in Azerbaijan, including their production methods and regional styles. It describes four main periods in the history of Azerbaijani carpet making from early simple styles to the development of knotted pile weaving. It then profiles several major carpet weaving schools in the country, noting their distinctive compositions, patterns, motifs and number of styles. Key regional schools discussed are Shirvan, Kuba, Ganja-Kazakh, Karabakh and Baku.

3. Woven - The carpet is produced on a loom quite similar to woven
fabric.
Needle felt -These carpets are more technologically advanced.
Needle felts are produced by intermingling and felting
individual synthetic fibers using barbed and forked needles forming
an extremely durable carpet.
Knotted - On a knotted pile carpet the structural weft threads
alternate with a supplementary weft that rises at right angles to the
surface of the weave.
Tufted -These are carpets that have their pile injected into a backing
material, which is itself then bonded to a secondary backing made of
a woven hessian weave or a man made alternative to provide
stability

5. Azerbaijan has been since the ancient times known as a
center of a large variety of carpet.
The carpet history is assumed to be divided into the
following four main periods:
I period - the early stage of the carpet development. The
carpet ware is very simple, without any motifs and
patterns. The first palas and djedjims appear.
II period - introduction of the kilim weaving practice by the
intricate threading technique.
III period - weaving of shadda, verni, sumakh, zili. The
period of simple and complex whipping techniques.
IV period - introduction of the knotted pile weaving. Both
from the technical and artistic standpoints this stage can
be considered the acme of the carpet making.

6. Kuba-Shirvan
The Shirvan carpet weaving
school:
The Shirvan school is famous for
its superb carpets.Shirvan is one
of the most ancient historical
regions of Azerbaijan. Carpet
making of different types is a
widespread craft with both settled
and nomadic natives. The Shirvan
school accounts for carpets
manufactured in the following
towns and villages of the Shirvan
region: Shemaha, Maraza, Akhsu,
Kurdamir. The school totals 25
compositions.

7. Kuba-Shirvan
The Kuba carpet-making
school:
The Kuba school that includes the
Gonagkend and Divichi districts
covers up to 35 pattern compositions
of the carpets. Kuba is an historical
region hosting a plenitude of various
tribes. Even now the region is
populated by ethnic groups that
speak different languages, among
them Azerbaijanis, Lezghins, Tats,
Budugs, Gyryzys and others. The
ornamental pattern is characterized
by geometrical and vegetal motifs,
most of them stylized. These include
Gyryz, Gymyl, Gonakend, Shahnezerli
and other carpets.

8. Ganja-Kazakh carpet-weaving
school
The carpets of this school are
notable for peculiarity of their
compositions and ornamental
patterns. The Ganja carpets
include a relatively small number
of carpet compositions, all in all
between 8 and 20 patterns. The
Kazakh carpets cover about 16
compositions with various
patterns. The Kazakh carpets
have a geometrical ornamental
pattern, the composition is not
very complex with a focus on a
schematic presentation of the
geometrical patterns, plants and
animals.

9. Karabakh school of carpet
The Karabakh carpets amount to
33 compositions. Due to the
specifics of the local sheep wool
the Karabakh carpets are
characterized by thick pile, high
and fluffy. These carpets are
marked for their vivid and joyous
colors. They are divided into four
groups: without medallions, with
medallions, namazlyk and subject
carpet. In the mountainous part of
Karabakh the carpets were made
in Malybeili, Muradkhanly,
Dashbulag, Jabrayil, Horadiz and
many other villages.

10. The Baku carpet school
The Baku school of carpet weaving
includes the villages of Novkhany,
Fatmai, Nardaran, Bulbulya,
Mardakan, Gaadi. These carpets are
marked for their increased softness of
the material and intense colors, as
well as excellent artistic taste and
exquisite decoration. This school has
about 10 compositions. The historical
sources and inscriptions on the
carpets testify to the fact that carpet
making was widely spread in these
villages and carpet-ware was exported
outside the country. The carpet
composition often includes
medallions. They are filled by various
motifs, most often by stylized images
of plants, which lost their resemblance
to the original object after they had
been geometrized.