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1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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“MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM”
IN ENGLISH
FIRST AID IN FRACTURS

2. FRACTURE
A fracture is the medical term for a broken
bone. It is defined as a break in continuity
of the bone tissue.

3. CAUSES OF FRACTURE…..
There are three common causes of bone
fractures:
Trauma
Medical conditions
Overuse injuries

4. Trauma:
This includes direct force such as falls, twisting
injuries, sports injuries, car accidents, or even fights.
Indirect force such as fracture of clavicle after falling
on stretched hand. Or sometimes due to strong
muscular action.

5. Medical conditions-
This includes osteoporosis, infections, osteogenesis
imperfecta, chronic steroid use, or tumors that occur
in bones. Due to these disorders bone may become
weak and bone may break easily.

6. Overuse injuries
Commonly seen in athletes, stress fractures (non-
displaced hairline cracks in bone) result from
repetitive motions and repeated stresses on the
bone.

7. TYPES (CLASSIFICATION) OF FRACTURE-
There are 7 types of fractures
1. Simple fracture/closed fracture
2. Compound fracture/open fracture
3. Complicated fracture
4. Comminuted fracture
5. Impacted fracture
6. Greenstick fracture
7. Depressed fracture

8. Simple fracture/closed fracture
When bone is fractured but there is no damage or
injury to the tissue adjescent to the bone and skin is
intact than this type of fracture is known as simple or
closesd fracture. It can be transverse spiral or
fissuresd.

9. Compound fracture/open fracture
When fracture is associated with skin breakdown or
wound formation which may lead to infection than it
is known as
compound
or open fracture.

10. Complicated fracture
When fracture is associated with injury to
and vital/important organ such as brain,
spinal cord, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney
etc. and is associated with dislocation from
a joint above or bellow of the fracture site,
than it is known as complicated fracture.

11. Comminuted fracture
When fracture results in multiple fragments
of bone than it is known as comminuted
fracture.

12. Impacted fracture
When fractured parts of
bones are driven into each
other due to force than it is
known as impacted fracture.

13. Greenstick fracture
When the fracture is
only at one side of the
bone while another side
is intact than this is
known as greenstick
fracture. It occur
normally in children
bellow 12 years of age.

14. Depressed fracture
When the Brocken
bone driven inwards
than it is known as
depressed fracture.
Normally it is seen in
skull fractures.

15. Sign and symptoms of fracture
Swelling or bruising over a bone part.
Tenderness or discomfort is felt on applying pressure to
the affected part.
Deformity of an arm or leg
Crepitus may be felt in some cases.
An inability to bear weight on the affected foot, ankle,
or leg
Loss of function in the injured area
In open fracture, bone protruding from the skin

16. First aid in fracture
Do not move unnecessarily: client should not
be moved from the spot until the fractured
part is immobilized or unless the life is in
immediate danger or medical help arrived.
Stop any bleeding: If they’re bleeding,
elevate and apply pressure to the wound using
a sterile bandage, a clean cloth, or a clean
piece of clothing.

17. First aid in fracture
Immobilize the injured area: If you suspect they’ve
broken a bone in their neck or back, help them stay as
still as possible. If you suspect they’ve broken a bone in
one of their limbs, immobilize the area using a splint or
sling. While applying splint we should take care that
splint should be long enough to immobilize the joint
above and below the fracture and should be sufficiently
firm and wide. It should be well padded so that skin
injury can be prevented. If proper splint is not available
than we can use any available material such as umbrella,
walking stick, broom piece of wood or cardboard.

18. Splinting-

19. First aid in fracture
Apply cold to the area: Wrap an ice pack or bag of ice
cubes in a piece of cloth and apply it to the injured area
for up to 10 minutes at a time.
Treat them for shock: Help them get into a comfortable
position, encourage them to rest, and reassure them.
Cover them with a blanket or clothing to keep them
warm.
Get professional help: Call 112 or help them get to the
emergency department for professional care. The client
should be transferred to the hospital as early as possible

20. First aid in fracture
First aid in special case: If skull is fractured client
should not be moved as it may harm brain. Do not
give anything to eat or drink and maintain same
position while transporting.
This principle is also applied while providing first
aid in fracture of cervical vertebrae.
If spine fracture is suspected than client should be
kept in spine position of flat hard surface. and
transported to hospital as early as possible.

21. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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