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2.  Rubella an acute viral disease with a diffuse
punctate and maculo-papular rash. It is also
known as german measles. Rashes are
accompanied by low-grade fever and
lymphadenopathy

3.  Rubella is caused by
Rubella virus of the
togavirus family. The virus
has been recovered from the
nasopharynx, throat, blood,
CSF and urine of the patient.

4.  The only source of infection is a case of
rubella which may be clinical or subclinical
infection.
 Mode of transmission is droplet spread
direct contact with the patient

5.  50 to 65 percent of Rubella cases are
asymptomatic.
 Clinical features includes-
 coryza,
 sore throat,
 low-grade fever

6.  enlargement of the post-auricular and
posterior cervical lymph nodes appears as
early as 7 days before the appearance of the
rash.
 Appearance of minute, discrete, pinkish
maculo-papular rash

7. The rashes of rubella spreads much
faster and clears more rapidly than
the rash of measles. Normally rashes
disappear by the third day.

8.  In rare cases arthralgia may occur in several joints in
adults.
 Encephalitis may also occur but it is rare.
 Thrombocytopenic purpura has also been observed as a
complication.
 congenital malformations if it occur during pregnancy.

9.  Diagnosis of rubella may be based on sign
and symptoms but for subclinical cases
sab culture is needed to isolate the virus
confirm the diagnosis.
 ELISA tests are also recommended.

10.  There is no specific treatment for Rubella. Only
symptomatic treatment is needed for sign and
symptoms such as pain killer drugs and use of
cold compress. bedrest is the best treatment.
Main attention is give to prevent the spread to
infection.

11.  Vaccination is the best system to prevent rubella.
Rubella vaccine is available as single vaccine or
in combination as MMR or MR.
 Health education should encourage routine
immunization for children as MMR is included in
national immunization schedule in India.

12.  Reporting and notification of rubella to local health
authority provides opportunity for better outbreak
 Isolation of cases for 7 days from onset of rashes.
 Special attention is given to prevent exposure of
pregnant non immunized women.

13. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )