This document discusses first aid management of wounds. It defines a wound and describes different types such as incisions, lacerations, abrasions, punctures, and closed wounds. The principles of wound care include controlling bleeding through cleaning, applying direct pressure, and dressing. It also discusses preventing wound infection. For minor wounds, the first aid involves washing hands, cleaning and drying the wound, and applying a sterile dressing. For major wounds, medical help should be called and continuous pressure applied until bleeding stops.

1. Binita Bhattarai
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2. FIRST AID
MANAGEMENT
OF WOUND
Prepared by-
Binita Bhattarai
Bsc. Nursing 4th yr
6th batch
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4. WOUND
 A wound is any damage or break in the surface of skin
which disturbs the continuity of skin.
 It also refers to the abnormal break in the skin from
where blood escapes.
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5. TYPES OF WOUND
 Open wound: An open wound is one in which there is a cut
or break in the continuity of the skin or mucus membranes. In
opened wound ,skin is broken which allows blood to escape
from the body. There are different types of wound:
 Incisions :caused by a clean ,sharp-edged object such as a
knife, a razor.
 Lacerations: irregular tear-like wounds by some blunt
trauma.
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7. CONTD..
 Abrasions (grazes):superficial wounds in which the topmost
layer of the skin is scraped off.
 Puncture: produced by sharp pointed object piercing the deep
tissues,leaving a very small opening on the surface.
 Penetration:caused by an object such as a knife entering and
coming out from skin.
 Gunshot :caused by a bullet or similar projectile driving into or
through the body.
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10. CONTD..
 Closed wound: closed wound allow blood to escape
from the circulatory system but not from the body
where skin is not broken.
 Contusions:more commonly known as bruises,caused
by a blunt force trauma that damage tissue under the
skin.
 Hematoma: collection of blood under the skin.
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12. CONTD.
 Crush injury: caused by extreme force applied
over a long period of time.
 Acute wound: disturbs the tissue.
 Chronic wound: slow process that lead to tissue
damage
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13. TYPES OF WOUND
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14. PRINCIPLES OF WOUND CARE
 Control of bleeding
 When there is an injury presents, blood usually follows.
 Bleeding is the body’s way of trying to clean out the
germs from the wound.
 But the continuous bleeding can leads to shock. So it is
necessary to control the bleeding immediately.
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15. CONTD…..
 Steps to control bleeding are:
I. Cleaning the wound
II. Direct pressure
III. Elevation
IV. Rest and relaxation
V. Dressing
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16. PRINCIPLES OF WOUND CARE
 Control of bleeding
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17. CONTD…..
 Prevention from wound infection
 Open wound is more prone to have infection due to contact
with outer environment.
 Infection prevention is needed to promote wound healing
faster.
 It can be obtained by:
 Removal of germ embedded in wound at the time of injury.
 Protection of wound against germs implanted after the
injury.
 Giving tetanus toxoid
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18. FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
 For minor wounds
 Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and clean
water,
 Avoid touching the wound with your fingers(use
disposable gloves).
 Don’t talk,cough,sneeze over the wound or
dressing.
 If the wound is dirty ,clean it by rinsing lightly
under running water from tap.
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19. CONTD..
 Pat gently dry with a sterile swab.
 Temporarily cover the wound with sterile gauze.
 Clean the skin around it with soap and water.
 Use new swab for each stroke.
 Pat dry,then cover the wound with an adhesive dressing.
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20. FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
 For major wounds
 Call for medical help.
 Apply continuous firm, direct pressure to wound,
using clean cloth or bandage until bleeding stops.
 If bleeding soaks through bandage, don't remove
the original bandage. Apply more bandages and
pressure.
 Get medical help to cleanse and close the wound
 Monitor and treat for shock if present.
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21. FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
 For externally bleeding wounds
 Don’t apply a tourniquet unless trained to do so.
 Don’t push anything back into the skin.
 Don’t apply antibiotic cream unless wound is
minor and cleaned first.
 Don’t remove blood soaked bandages.
 Don’t put pressure on an object sticking out of a
wound.
 Don’t use pressure points nor elevation.
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