unconsiousness causes,causes of cardiac arrest,assessment and management of unconsciousness with or witour cardiac arrest

1. Care of unconscious patients
Dr shambhavi sharma

3. Causes
• A: ALCOHOL
• E: EPILEPSY
• I: INTOXICATION
• O: LACK OF OXYGEN
• U: UREMIA
• T: TRAUMA
• I:INFECTION
• P:PSYCHIATRIC
• S: STROKE,SYNCOPE( CARDIAC PROBLEMS,
CARDIAC ARREST),LESS SUGAR

4. ASSESSMENT
• LOOK: ALERTNESS(AVPU SCALE):
(Shrug the shouders ,call loudly)
look for CHEST MOVEMENTS,
• LISTEN ( HEART SOUNDS)
• FEEL ( AIR PASSAGE THROUGH NOSTRILS)

5. • Coma :

6. • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

7. CARDIAC ARREST
• When the heart suddenly and unexpectedly
stops beating.
• Blood stops flowing in brain and othe organs
• Sudden death occurs

8. causes
• Abnormal pulsations( arrythmia), heart diseases
• Drowning
• Suffocation
• Poisionous gases
• Head injury
• Drug overdose
• Electrick shock
• Severe physical stress

9. • Risk factors:
• High BP,high cholesterol,obesity,lack of
exercise, smoking , alcohol,stress, family
history of heart diseases,age more than
40yrs,male

10. FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
• IF NO HEART SOUND AND NO BREATHING( cardiac
arrest)
• START CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION:
call for help
Chest compressions:
Characters: lower third of sternum
use both fists
100-120/min
6cm deep
30 compressions in 1 cycle with 2 rescue
breathing

12. Rescue breathing:
Head tilt, chin lift,jaw thrust
Clear secretions from nose and mouth
Cover your mouth completely on the patient
mouth
Deep breaths : 2 times
Start chest compressions

13. Continue CPR till:
• Patient has pulse and breathing
• Alteast 30 min
• Till you are tired
• Till there are dangerous causes for the
condition and death is obvious
• Till medical help approaches
• Every patient who needs CPR must be
referred.

14. • Reassess after 5 cycles:
• See pulse ,breathing
• If absent : continue CPR
• If present: recovery position and continuous
monitoring

15. IF BREATHING AND HAS HEART SOUNDS:
• CALL FOR HELP
• KEEP THE PATIENT IN SAFE PLLACE
• MAINTAIN AIRWAY
• MAINTAIN BREATHING
• TREAT THE CAUSE
• KEEP IN RECOVERY POSITION

16. Keep in safe place :
If you see pt falling ,try to ease fall
Prevent injury by clearing the area around the
person of anything hard or sharp
Place soft clothes , folded jacket under his head.
Don’t restrain the patient

17. Maintain Airway Patency:
• left lateral position
• clear secetions
• Don’t insert anything in mouth(eg spoon)
• Head tilt, chin lift , jaw thrust to prevent toungue
fall
• Loosen tie ,clothing around the neck
• Remove artificial dentures if possible

18. Rescue breathing if not breathing
recovery position:
Safe place
Left lateral
Chin up and keep right hand under the chin left
hand straight
Right leg folded upto abdomen
Left leg straight
Continuous monitoring
Refer to hospital

20. At hospital
• Open intravenous access
• Give iv fluids to maintain bloood pressure
• Investigations to find out the cause
• Treatment of cause

21. • Thank you…
• Have a good day