CPR involves chest compressions and assisted ventilation to restore circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen in someone experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. It consists of basic life support provided by any first responder and advanced life support involving intubation, defibrillation, and drugs. The procedure for CPR involves checking responsiveness, feeling for a pulse, clearing the airway, giving chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute to a depth of 1.5-2 inches, and rescue breaths at 10-12 breaths per minute until spontaneous circulation returns.
Back care consists of cleaning and massaging back (from shoulder to lower level of the buttocks) by using scientific form of required strokes for maximizing cutaneous stimulation, comfort and emotional relaxation as well.
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Back care consists of cleaning and massaging back (from shoulder to lower level of the buttocks) by using scientific form of required strokes for maximizing cutaneous stimulation, comfort and emotional relaxation as well.
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
This presentation is designed to cover some of the principles of Basic Life Support & First Aid as of January 2012. This includes things such as;
- DRABCD
- Care for Bleeding
- Care for Shock
- First Aid for Sprains & Strains
- Care for dislocations and fractures
- Poisoning
- Burns
- Diabetic Emergencies
It is not comprehensive, but is designed to refresh those who have had any previous experience in Basic Life Support. In saying that being able to apply some of these skills is useful for anyone.
This is the latest version of the presentation.
Basic CPR competency is a foudational skill in both basic and advanced life support training and ample data supports the need to improve ongoing maintenance of competency. Many out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims do not receive CPR before the arrival of professional rescuers. Video-based instruction effectively trains students more quickly than traditional classroom based courses and evidence suggests ongoing refresher training benefits skill retention. Real time feedback devices improve CPR quality in both training and actual resuscitation. Devkunwar Salam "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21417.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/21417/cardiopulmonary-resuscitation/devkunwar-salam
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.
Similar to Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(cpr) (20)
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
2. Introduction
Life saving procedure given to those who develop
cardiopulmonary arrest.
Defined as chest compression and assisted
ventilation.
Time interval between collapse to initiation of CPR
and collapse to defibrillation is most important.
Consists of Basic life support and Advanced life
support.
3. Definition
CPR is a basic emergency procedure for life
support consisting of artificial respiration and
manual external cardiac massage.
4. Purposes
To establish effective ventilation and circulation.
To prevent irreversible brain damage from anoxia.
To decrease immature mortality rate of patient in
hospital.
5. Indications
1.Respiratory arrest resulting from
drowning
stroke
foreign body
drug overdose
smoke inhalation
suffocation
myocardial infraction
coma; of any cause leading to airway
obstruction.
6. Cont..
2.Cardiac arrest
Sudden and complete loss of cardiac function.
Sudden collapse with loss of consciousness.
Pulse absent(femoral and carotid).
No respiration.
NOTE: If CPR is not given within 4-6 minutes, death
may occur.
7. Types of CPR
A. Basic life support(BLS)
B. Advance life support(ALS)
8. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
It is the sequences of procedures preformed to
restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after a
sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac arrest.
Chest compressions and pulmonary ventilation
performed by anyone who knows How to do it,
anywhere, immediately, without any other
equipment.
9. Aim
To ensure open airway and adequate ventilation.
To maintain circulation until help comes and
definite treatment with advanced life support can
be administered.
10. ADVANCE LIFE SUPPORT
Airway secured with advanced technology,
Breathing is maintained with some means of
breathing apparatus, and
Circulation is maintained by BLS along with:
- IV access
- Defibrillator, and
- Appropriate drugs.
11. Procedure of CPR
Check for responsiveness of victim. If you suspect that victim
has sustained spinal or neck injury , do not shake or move him.
Otherwise shake victim gently and shout ‘Are you okay?’ to see
if there is any response. If there is no response no breathing
quickly call for emergency help and follow following steps:
Circulation assessment
- Establish presence or absence of carotid pulse by placing two
fingertips on his carotid artery for 5 to 10 secs.
- Start chest compression immediately if the carotid pulse is
absent or questionable.
13. Cont…
1.Chest compression: The
rhythmic application of
pressure over the lower
half of the sternum.
Kneel as close to side of the
victim’s chest as possible.
Place the heel of one hand
in the center of victim’s
chest between the nipples.
Place the other hand on top
of the first one and
interlock the finger and the
finger’s of both hands
directed away from
rescuer.
14. Cont…
In children it is done with
one hand where as in
infants it is done with two
fingers(index and middle
finger)
Compression rate should
be 100
compression/minute with
a compression depth of
1.5-2” (approx. 4-5 cm)
Allow the chest return to
its normal position
completely after each
compression with equal
compression and
relaxations.
15. Cont…
Assess after 1 minute , if circulation present(heart
beat returns back) stop compressions immediately
but continue rescue breathing and check circulation
in each minute.
If the victim remains unresponsive , check the
airway.
16. Cont…
2.Assess Airway:
Assess for any visible
obstructions in the airway.
Clear airway by removing
any loose obstruction,
(mucus, blood, foreign body)
from mouth and pharynx.
In case of unconscious
victim, tongue is the most
common cause of airway
obstruction.
If the victim is still not
breathing, then open airway
by head tilt and chin lift or
jaw thrust.
17. Cont…
Note : The jaw thrust is a technique used on
patients with a suspected spinal injury and is used
on a supine patient.
If the victim is still not breathing on in his own
after the airway has been you will have to assist
him breathing.
18. Cont…
3.Assess breathing:
Look, listen, feel. Place ear
over the victim’s mouth and
nose, looking toward the
victim’s chest and stomach.
Watch to see if the victim’s
chest is raising.
Pinch the nostrils closed
with the thumb and index
fingers of the hand that is on
the forehead.
Take a deep breath, open
mouth wide, place it outside
of the victim’s mouth
making a tight seal.
19. Cont…
Inflate the victim’s lung by 2 full breaths each
breath over 1 sec allowing the victim’s lungs to relax.
If resistance is experienced, then recheck airways.
Note:
• Avoid rapid or forceful breath.
• Rate:10-12 breaths/min.
Continue the cycle of 30 chest compressions and 2
rescue breaths until spontaneous circulation is
returned or until the arrival of medical help.
20. Guidelines for termination of
resuscitation:
Return of spontaneous circulation.
Arrival of arrest team or medical help.
If the rescuer becomes exhausted.
When death is confirmed.
21. Points to remember:
Assess the victim (look, listen, feel) and if not
breathing call for help.
Compression should be smooth, regular and
uninterrupted.
The pressure on the chest should be completely
released after each compression, although the palm
of the hand remains in contact with the chest wall.
22. Cont…
The xiphoid process should not compressed because
of the danger of lacerating the liver.
Immediately start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
The victim should be stabilized before transportation
to a more convenient site.
The presence of a palpable carotid pulse and
constriction of pupils are evidence of effective
circulation and oxygenated blood.
All staff is to be skillful at CPR.
23. Cont…
All CPR equipment is to be checked at the
beginning of each shift.
Ratio of cardiac compression to ventilation:30:2
Compression rate =100 compression/minute
Compression depth
Adult =5cm
Child =4cm
Neonate =3cm
24. References
1. Giri M, Sharma P, Essentials of Fundamentals of
Nursing, 1st edition, Pp:385-386.
2. Pathak S, Devkota R, A Text Book of
Fundamentals of Nursing, 2010 edition, Pp:333-
337.
3. Kozier and Erb’s, Fundamentals of Nursing, 8th
edition, Pp:1419-1420.
4. Brunner & suddharth’s Textbook of Medical-
Surgical Nursing, 12th edition, Pp: 843-845.