This document provides an introduction and overview of various water-based fire protection systems, including standpipe systems, wet pipe sprinkler systems, dry pipe sprinkler systems, deluge sprinkler systems, and pre-action sprinkler systems. It defines key terminology, describes common system components, and explains the purpose and function of different sprinkler head types and special application nozzles. Standards for installation and maintenance are also referenced.
PREMIUM BOOK WITH HIGH DEFINITION QUALITY.
**A complete Guide of Fire fighting System.**
This HANDBOOK has been made from references of many books from all over the world. Which has been collected in one book.
1. Sprinkler system Type
WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
PRE-ACTION SYSTEM
DELUGE SYSTEM
WET PIPE ANTI FREEZE SYSTEM
FOAM WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
2. Sprinkler Selection
3 . Piping
4. Hydraulic Calculation
5. Standpipe System
6. Pump Selection & Types
1. Sprinkler system Type
WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
PRE-ACTION SYSTEM
DELUGE SYSTEM
WET PIPE ANTI FREEZE SYSTEM
FOAM WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
2. Sprinkler Selection
For COMPLETE PREMIUM BOOK PLZZ
Check out my product on Instamojo:https://www.instamojo.com/ezazsidd1993/fire-fighting-a-complete-handbook/
PREMIUM BOOK WITH HIGH DEFINITION QUALITY.
**A complete Guide of Fire fighting System.**
This HANDBOOK has been made from references of many books from all over the world. Which has been collected in one book.
1. Sprinkler system Type
WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
PRE-ACTION SYSTEM
DELUGE SYSTEM
WET PIPE ANTI FREEZE SYSTEM
FOAM WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
2. Sprinkler Selection
3 . Piping
4. Hydraulic Calculation
5. Standpipe System
6. Pump Selection & Types
1. Sprinkler system Type
WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
PRE-ACTION SYSTEM
DELUGE SYSTEM
WET PIPE ANTI FREEZE SYSTEM
FOAM WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
2. Sprinkler Selection
For COMPLETE PREMIUM BOOK PLZZ
Check out my product on Instamojo:https://www.instamojo.com/ezazsidd1993/fire-fighting-a-complete-handbook/
Fire Hydrant System/Sprinkler System Fire Fighting Systems Fire Hydrant Syst...RajyogFireServicesPv
Fire Hydrant System,System Information,Operational Information,Fire Alarm System ......
Being one of the oldest but yet the most effective and common fire fighting solution, a well designed and a well laid out Hydrant System forms the backbone of the entire fire fighting system. It comprises of heavy duty above & underground piping with accessories. External and Fire Escape Hydrant valves are provided at every strategic location. A fire hydrant is a pipe that allows water to flow from a water main with the control of a valve in order to put out a fire.
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected
An automatic sprinkler system is intended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants of occurrence of fire. The installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets, sprinkler heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipe work and valves. The system operates automatically without human intervention.
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INTRODUCTION OF FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE FIGHTING NETWORK COMPONENTS
Manual Fire Fighting System
Standpipe System-Landing Valve(L.V) ,Fire Hose Cabinet(F.H.C).
Fire Hydrant(F.H).
Fire Department Connection(F.D.C).
Portable Fire Extinguishers.
Pipe Types& connecting of pipes.
Pipe Accessories, Supports & Valves.
Water Source & Pumping Station.
Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipe work connected directly to the water supply main to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water for the firemen to fight a fire. The water is discharged into the fire engine form which it is then pumped and sprayed over fire. Where the water supply is not reliable or inadequate, hydrant pumps should be provided to pressurize the fire mains.
• Medium Velocity Water Spray Systems (MVWSS) are used for fire protection of areas with fire risks from low FP flammable liquids (FP below 65 Degree C) and also for fire extinguishment of water miscible liquids (polar solvents, alcohols etc.) small installation as it becomes cost effective and also serves the purpose of safety and location identification is easy.
• High Velocity Water Spray Systems (HVWSS) are used for extinction of fires in flammable medium and heavy oils or similar flammable liquids having a flashpoint above 65 Degree C. (E.g. Transformer Fires, Lube Oil Tanks, Etc).
Among the latest developments in the Clean Agent fire fighting and fire suppression technology is the Water Mist fire fighting system that converts water to uniform and fine water mist
1 . Piping
2. Tank Design
3. Standpipe System
4. Pump Selection & Types
For Complete FIREFIGHTING Presentation
Check out my product on Instamojo:https://www.instamojo.com/ezazsidd1993/fire-fighting-a-complete-handbook/
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AUTOMATIC FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM -WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
WATER MIST SYSTEM
FOAM SYSTEM
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
Fire Hydrant System/Sprinkler System Fire Fighting Systems Fire Hydrant Syst...RajyogFireServicesPv
Fire Hydrant System,System Information,Operational Information,Fire Alarm System ......
Being one of the oldest but yet the most effective and common fire fighting solution, a well designed and a well laid out Hydrant System forms the backbone of the entire fire fighting system. It comprises of heavy duty above & underground piping with accessories. External and Fire Escape Hydrant valves are provided at every strategic location. A fire hydrant is a pipe that allows water to flow from a water main with the control of a valve in order to put out a fire.
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected
An automatic sprinkler system is intended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants of occurrence of fire. The installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets, sprinkler heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipe work and valves. The system operates automatically without human intervention.
FOR DOWNLOAD THIS GO THROUGH THIS BELOW LINK
https://ezazsidd1993.stores.instamojo.com/?ref=profile_bar
INTRODUCTION OF FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE FIGHTING NETWORK COMPONENTS
Manual Fire Fighting System
Standpipe System-Landing Valve(L.V) ,Fire Hose Cabinet(F.H.C).
Fire Hydrant(F.H).
Fire Department Connection(F.D.C).
Portable Fire Extinguishers.
Pipe Types& connecting of pipes.
Pipe Accessories, Supports & Valves.
Water Source & Pumping Station.
Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipe work connected directly to the water supply main to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water for the firemen to fight a fire. The water is discharged into the fire engine form which it is then pumped and sprayed over fire. Where the water supply is not reliable or inadequate, hydrant pumps should be provided to pressurize the fire mains.
• Medium Velocity Water Spray Systems (MVWSS) are used for fire protection of areas with fire risks from low FP flammable liquids (FP below 65 Degree C) and also for fire extinguishment of water miscible liquids (polar solvents, alcohols etc.) small installation as it becomes cost effective and also serves the purpose of safety and location identification is easy.
• High Velocity Water Spray Systems (HVWSS) are used for extinction of fires in flammable medium and heavy oils or similar flammable liquids having a flashpoint above 65 Degree C. (E.g. Transformer Fires, Lube Oil Tanks, Etc).
Among the latest developments in the Clean Agent fire fighting and fire suppression technology is the Water Mist fire fighting system that converts water to uniform and fine water mist
1 . Piping
2. Tank Design
3. Standpipe System
4. Pump Selection & Types
For Complete FIREFIGHTING Presentation
Check out my product on Instamojo:https://www.instamojo.com/ezazsidd1993/fire-fighting-a-complete-handbook/
FOR DOWNLOAD THIS GO THROUGH THIS BELOW LINK
https://ezazsidd1993.stores.instamojo.com/?ref=profile_bar
AUTOMATIC FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM -WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
WATER MIST SYSTEM
FOAM SYSTEM
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
The revolutionary Water-Mist technology. Low Pressure & High Pressure Water-Mist. Design calculations, Standards, Applications, Limitations. Alternative to Gas suppression - sprinkler systems.
Contact: 95949-66462
New York City Department of Buildings Filing rep course_207Safe Rise
Course 207 (Download Course Materials)
Fire Alarm Plan Examination Procedure
Sprinkler and Standpipe
Fire Extinguishing Systems
Codes and Laws Fire Protection 2008 Building Code
2014 Codes Fire Protection Systems
Habonim Valves & Actuators is a leading manufacturer of ball valves and pneumatic actuators with over 50 years' experience and a worldwide reputation for its high quality, innovation and engineering expertise. Habonim supplies a wide range of 3-piece and flanged ball valves, as well as tailor-made solutions, generating significant cost and space savings for its customers.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
1. Introduction to
WATER BASED
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Presented by
Engr. Sabrul Jamil, PRINCE2
Manager, Fire Safety, Ezzy Automations Ltd, Bangladesh
Phone: +88 01617181910 eMail: jamil@sabrul.com Website: www.sabrul.com
2. WATER BASED
FIRE
PROTECTION
SYSTEM
• Standpipe (Hydrant) System
• Wet pipe Sprinkler System
• DRY pipe Sprinkler System
• DELUGE Sprinkler System
• Single interlock PRE-ACTION
Sprinkler System
• Double Interlock PRE-
ACTION Sprinkler System
• WATER MIST FIRE
PROTECTION
2
3. Standards
NFPA 14 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 13D Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and
Two- Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes
NFPA 13E Recommended Practice for Fire Department Operations in
Properties Protected by Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
NFPA 13R Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in
Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in
Height
NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
NFPA 16 Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and
Foam-Water Spray Systems
NFPA 750 Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems 3
4. Terminology
► Hose Station: A combination of a hose rack or reel, hose nozzle, hose,
and hose connection.
► Fire Extinguishment: The complete suppression of a fire until there are
no burning combustibles.
► Fire Suppression: The sharp reduction of the rate of heat release of a
fire and the prevention of regrowth.
► Nozzle Operating Pressure: The pressure range at which nozzles are
listed to control, suppress, or extinguish a fire.
► Standby Pressure: The pressure that exists in the distribution system in
the static state, prior to nozzle discharge.
► System Design Pressure: The maximum pressure a system or
component is rated to withstand.
► Working Pressure: The maximum anticipated pressure applied to the
system components exclusive of surge pressures.
4
5. Terminology
► Engineered Water Mist Systems: Those systems that need individual
calculation and design to determine the flow rates, nozzle pressures,
pipe size, area, or volume protected by each nozzle, discharge density
of water mist, the number and types of nozzles, and the nozzle
placement in a specific system.
► Pre-Engineered Water Mist Systems: Those systems that have
predetermined pipe and tube sizes, maximum and minimum pipe
lengths, number of fittings and numbers and types of nozzles, nozzle
pressures, atomizing media, and water storage quantities and that do
not require additional hydraulic calculations.
► Twin-Fluid System: A water mist system in which water and an
atomizing medium are supplied to the water mist nozzle utilizing a
separate piping system for each medium or a single piping system for
both. 5
6. Terminology
► Water Mist: A water spray for which the Dv0.99, for the flow-weighted
cumulative volumetric distribution of water droplets is less than 1000
μm within the nozzle operating pressure range.
► Water Mist Nozzle: A special purpose device, containing one or more
orifices, designed to produce and deliver a water spray meeting either
the definition of water mist or meeting the specific requirements of an
approved water mist fire test protocol.
► Automatic Water Mist Nozzles: Nozzles that operate independently of
other nozzles by means of a detection/ activation device built into the
nozzle.
► Multi-functional Water Mist Nozzles: Nozzles capable of operation using
both automatic and nonautomatic means.
► Nonautomatic Water Mist Nozzles (Open): Nozzles that operate as an
entire system or grouping of nozzles, containing open orifices and
activating the water flow to the nozzles by an independent detection
system.
6
8. Standpipe System
• Network of pipes and outlets for
fire hoses built into a structure
to provide water for firefighting
purposes
• Usually used in high-rise
buildings, although they are
found in many other structures
as well.
• Shall be designed to cover entire
area.
RISER STANDPIPE IN THE
OUTSIDE OF BUILDING
8
9. Valves
Control Valve: A
valve controlling
flow to water
based fire
protection
systems.
Hose Valve: The
valve to an
individual hose
connection.
Inspector's Test
Valves,
Drain Valves,
Trim Valves For
Dry Pipe, Pre-
action And
Deluge Valves,
Check Valves,
Relief Valves. 9
10. Landing Valve
FDC/ Breeching Inlet
Landing Valve:
Oblique Landing Valves/ Angle Hose
Valve
Important source of water which is
crucial for fighting fires on any level of
your building
Can be Pressure reducing type
(4 bar -12 bar).
Fire Department Connection/ Breeching Inlet
Must comply with BS 5041 PART-3:1975 standard
comprising of male instantaneous connections
complying with BS 336:2010, drain valves
complying with BS 5154, PN16 rated and Non
Return Valve
Capable of being charged with water by pumping
10
11. Pressure Regulating Valve
Automatically maintain the outlet “set
pressure” (static and residual) within a
close range,
Regardless of fluctuations in the higher
pressure inlet line or varying flow rates.
Can be installed either vertically or
horizontally
Pilot valve provides for any outlet “set
pressure”, i.e., 80 to 225 psi (5,5 to
15,5 bar)
11
12. Pressure Relief Valve
Releases the pressure above the set value
Closes after releasing the pressure
Field relief “set pressure” range of 30 to
250 psi (2,1 to 17,2 bar)
Designed for general service such as shut-
off, throttling, or drain valves
Provide positive shut-off under normal
operating conditions
TRIM VALVES
12
15. Water Monitor
• Large flow capability
• Both manual & Automatic
control
• Ease of operation,
• Vertical and horizontal
rotation
• Minimum maintenance
• Resistance to normally
destructive environments
15
18. Hose Stations
Class I System.
21∕2 in. (65 mm) hose connections for fire departments.
Class II System.
11∕2 in. (40 mm) hose for use by trained personnel
Class III System.
11∕2 in. (40 mm) hose for use by trained personnel and
21∕2 in. (65 mm) hose to supply a larger volume of water for
use by fire departments.
18
20. AUTOMATIC WET PIPE SPRINKLERS
A fire sprinkler system consists of a series of pipes
with small discharge nozzles (sprinklers) located
throughout a building.
When a fire occurs, heat rising from the fire melts the
solder link or expands the liquid in the glass bulb,
causing it to break and release water onto the fire.
Well maintained fire sprinkler systems are highly
reliable and provide people protection as well as
property protection.
20
21. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS
STANDARD SPRAY
UPRIGHT/ PENDANT
STANDARD SPRAY
RECESSED PENDENT
SPRINKLER GUARDS
PENDENT CONCEALED
Concealed Horizontal
Extended Coverage Sidewall
SIDEWALL
21
25. Sprinkler Head Temperature Ratings,
Classifications and Color Coding
Maximum Ceiling
Temperature
Temperature
Rating
Temperature
Classification
Color Code (with
Fusible Link)
Liquid Alcohol in
Glass Bulb Color
100 °F / 38 °C
135-170 °F / 57-
77 °C
Ordinary
Uncolored or
Black
Orange (135 °F /
57 °C) or Red
(155 °F / 68 °C)
150 °F / 66 °C
175-225 °F / 79-
107 °C
Intermediate White
Yellow (175 °F /
79 °C) or Green
(200 °F / 93 °C)
225 °F / 107 °C
250-300 °F /
121-149 °C
High Blue Blue
300 °F / 149 °C
325-375 °F /
163-191 °C
Extra High Red Purple
375 °F / 191 °C
400-475 °F /
204-246 °C
Very Extra High Green Black
475 °F / 246 °C
500-575 °F /
260-302 °C
Ultra High Orange Black
625 °F / 329 °C 650 °F / 343 °C Ultra High Orange Black
25
27. Nozzles, Applications
Special Hazard Applications.
Exposure Protection, Fire Control,
Fire Extinguishment,
Explosion Prevention
Flammable Liquid Tanks & Operations
Equipment or Processes that Require
Special Designs
Cable Trays
Clean Rooms
Conveyors
Cut-Off Rooms
Engine Test Cells
Flammable Liquid Storage
Food Processing
Fuel Storage
Gas Turbines
Historic Sites & Museums
Industrial Process Equipment
Machining Centers
Ferries
Offshore Platforms
Transformers
Vapor Suppression 27
28. AUTOMATIC WET PIPE SPRINKLERS
Pipes are always filled with
water. Heat from fire opens a
sprinkler head,
Usually only one or two heads
open,
Water flows until it is shut off,
The open sprinkler head(s) is
replaced and the system is
reset.
28
30. AUTOMATIC WET PIPE SPRINKLERS
A one-way clapper prevents water
from re-entering the water supply,
Gauges on both sides of the main
valve, register pressure on the
supply and system sides,
A retard chamber prevents sudden
pressure surges which could cause
a false alarm,
An alarm check valve detects
water flow and activates the alarm
system, 30
31. AUTOMATIC WET PIPE SPRINKLERS
There is a control valve to shut off the
system, normally an O.S.& Y. (Outside
Stem and Yoke) or (Outside Screw and
Yoke),
There is a main drain valve which drains
the system for service,
And an Inspectors Test Valve, usually at
the end of the system, used to simulate
flow from a single head and to measure
the system response, 31
32. EXTENDED COVERAGE SPRINKLERS
Protection Of Large Areas
Both Standard Response
(EC) And Quick Response
(QR-EC)
Upright, Pendent,
Horizontal Sidewall And
Recessed Horizontal
Sidewall.
Typically Used In
Office Buildings
Hotels
Hospitals
Libraries
High-piled Storage
“Big-box” Retailing
Restaurants,
Warehouses, And
Other Areas Where It Is
Desirable To Reduce The
Overall Number Of
Required Sprinklers.
32
33. STORAGE SPRINKLERS
Specific applications,
including the protection of
high-piled and
rack storage of a variety of
finished goods.
Can provide more water at
lower pressures or more water
over a greater area of
coverage.
In many instances, can
eliminate the need for
additional in-rack sprinklers.
Application
High-Piled Storage
In-Rack Storage
Warehouse
High Challenge
Occupancies
DRY-TYPE
PENDENT
33
34. RAPID RESPONSE® SPRINKLERS
Developed
specifically for
residential
occupancies
Features
BlazeMaster®
CPVC pipe and
fittings, making
installation quick,
easy, flexible, and
affordable
APPLICATIONS
Single Family
Homes
Apartments
Student Housing
Hotels
Beamed Ceilings
Sloped Ceilings
34
38. AUTOMATIC DRY PIPE SPRINKLERS
Pipes are not filled with water
(but with pressurized gas or air),
Heat from a fire opens a
sprinkler head,
Usually only one or two heads
open,
Air pressure drops in the piping
and opens a water valve (the
dry-pipe valve),
Application:
Dry pipes systems are used in
unheated buildings, but the
valve room must be heated
Unheated Warehouses
Parking Garages
Store Windows
Attic Spaces
Loading Docks, & Other Areas
Exposed To Freezing
Temperatures
38
41. DELUGE Sprinkler System
Normally used in special hazard
installations
Water must be applied to an
entire area for protection.
Open sprinklers or spray nozzles
Attached to a piping system
connected to a water supply
through the deluge valve.
May be activated by wet or dry
pilot sprinklers, or electric
detectors.
Applications
Flammable Liquid Handling
Storage Areas for Valuable
Artifacts
Aircraft Hangars
High-Hazard Installations
Computer Rooms
Libraries, Archives
Refrigerated Areas
41
42. DELUGE
Sprinkler
System
When the deluge valve opens, water flows
into the piping system and discharges
from all open sprinklers and nozzles.
Electric Actuation system shown here
• When the deluge
valve opens, water
flows into the
piping system and
discharges from
all open sprinklers
and nozzles.
• Electric Actuation
system shown
here
42
44. Preaction Systems
Used to protect areas where
water damage from damaged
sprinklers or piping must be
avoided.
A prealarm of a possible fire
allows time for alternate fire
extinguishment prior to a
sprinkler discharge.
They are designed for
applications such as
refrigerated areas that require
maximum protection against
inadvertent operation of the
sprinkler system.
Pipes are not filled with water,
All sprinkler heads are of the
standard type (they are closed),
A actuation device opens a
water valve,
Water fills the pipes,
Water only flows from a
sprinkler head if it is opened by
heat from a fire,
Water flows until shut off and
system is reset.
44
45. Single interlock
PRE-ACTION
Sprinkler System
• Automatic Sprinklers
• Piping System Containing
10 Psi (0,7 Bar)
Supervisory Pressure,
• Supplemental Electric Fire
Detection System
• May Also Be Activated By
Either Wet Or Dry Pilot
Sprinklers Instead Of
Electric Detectors
• Actuation Of The Fire
Detection System From A
Fire Opens The Deluge
Valve
45
46. Double Interlock
PRE-ACTION
Sprinkler System
• In order to actuate the double
interlock preaction system,
two independent events,
caused by a fire condition,
must occur.
• The sprinkler system piping
must lose air or nitrogen
pressure due to the operation
of one or more sprinklers,
and the deluge releasing
panel must energize and
open the solenoid valve upon
the operation of a fire
detection device.
46
47. Double Interlock PRE-ACTION
Sprinkler System
The double interlock system will operate only when both
the dry pilot actuator and the solenoid valve are open at
the same time. Opening of the dry pilot actuator only
(for example: a forklift truck accidentally dislodges a
sprinkler) or of the solenoid valve only (for example:
accidental operation of an electric manual pull station)
will cause an alarm, and will not trip the system or flood
the sprinkler system piping.
47
48. WATER MIST FIRE
PROTECTION
• Medium velocity systems –
cooling fire down
• High velocity systems –
getting under the fire
48
49. How Water Mist Fire Fighting Works
Evaporation (Heat
extraction) is a function
of the surface area of
the droplets
Reducing droplet size
increases the surface
area
Increasing the surface
area allows for larger
cooling effect for a given
flow
Water converts to
vapour, expanding by a
factor of 1650
Oxygen is displaced
and diluted thereby
blocking it from the fuel
source
Higher heat levels
cause faster
vaporisation
Fire extinguishment is
improved with direct
contact of water
droplets
This type of
extinguishment is
normally associated
with standard sprinklers
Small droplets tend to
remain suspended
The expanding mist will
expand and cool the
gasses and other fuel in
the area
Blocks the transfer of
radiant heat to the
adjacent combustibles
and pre-wets them49
50. WATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION
• High Pressure Water Mist System: Piping pressures ≥34.5bar (500psi).
• Intermediate Pressure System:
Piping pressures 12.1 bar (175psi) to 34.5 bar (500psi).
• Low Pressure Water Mist System: Piping pressures ≤12.1bar (175psi).
570 25 50 100
Sprinklers
LPWM
IPWM
HPWM
50
53. Extinguishing
Class B & K
Hydro-Carbon, high heat release
Global/local oxygen
displacement
Flame cooling
Radiant heat blocking
Alternative to traditional
sprinklers and gaseous
suppression/CO2
WATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION
DROPLET SIZES
Control
Class A
Ordinary combustibles, low heat
release
Flame / smoke cooling
Radiant heat blocking
Pre-wetting combustibles
2.5 Dimensional wetting
Alternative to traditional
sprinklers 53
54. Deluge
Class B & Class K
Hydrocarbon, high heat release
Deluge (Open) Nozzles
All nozzles discharge
simultaneously
Total Flooding:
Enclosure design area
Enclosure volume and
ventilation key design
variables
WATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION
DROPLET SIZES
Automatic
Class A
Ordinary combustibles, low heat
release
Frangible bulb actuation
Hydraulically most remote /
favorable design area
Ventilation key variable
dependent on application
54