fire detection and suppression system. Types of fire and different fire extinguishing material and agents like FM200, NOVEC and ECARO, water, foam and dry agents
Fundamental training on Fire Detection & Alarm SystemSabrul Jamil
This is a basic training on Fire Detection and Alarm System, created to give my colleagues from non-engineering divisions a comprehensive brief on the system. This is most suitable for individuals with little or no technical knowledge. This training introduces the devices and the system in a whole, not how to design it.
Fundamental training on Fire Detection & Alarm SystemSabrul Jamil
This is a basic training on Fire Detection and Alarm System, created to give my colleagues from non-engineering divisions a comprehensive brief on the system. This is most suitable for individuals with little or no technical knowledge. This training introduces the devices and the system in a whole, not how to design it.
Rajyog Fire Services Pvt. Ltd. established in the year 1992. The Proprietor of the company Mr. Yogesh Asher is a fire protection engineers and contractors and have experience in fire protection field for more than 25 years.
We have highly qualified & well Experienced Engineers supported by skilled & experienced erection team members consisting of Supervisors and work force who specialize in erection of fire Safety devices and related fabrication & installation etc.
The company provides sophisticated technical tools needed to safeguard lives and property from fire.
A Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) / Fire Alarm Control Unit (FACU), is an electric panel that is the controlling component of a fire alarm system which is installed at various places as a protective measure against fire; sounds an alarm when actuated by a fire detection system. Fire Alarm System is essential to warn all occupants that a fire or emergency situation exists. Sometimes fire detection and alarm systems are used to compensate or to give special cover for items of high value. In case of fire early detection of smoke and heat helps in fighting the fire effectively & extinguishing it in nascent stage. Thus by early detection, we can prevent the fire from spreading in turn saving life and loss of property and business.
A fire alarm system warns people when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other fire-related emergencies are detected. There are two types of fire alarm initiating devices: manual and automatic.At the core of a fire alarm system are the detection devices, from sophisticated intelligent smoke detectors to simple manually operated break glass units, there are a wide array of different types, but we can divide them into groups including:
– Heat detectors
– Smoke detectors
– Carbon Monoxide detectors
– Multi-sensor detectors
– Manual Call Points
This presentation provides you basic information about Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS). It includes fire detection and alarm system devices, inspection, drawings and maintenance.
Fire fighting, types of fires, types of fire extinguishers, building management systems, sprinkler systems, heat and smoke sensors.
http://www.greenarchworld.com/
Fire Alarm Systems fall broadly into two groups - Conventional Systems or Analogue Addressable Systems.
• Conventional Fire Alarm Control System
• Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm System
Intelligent Addressable Fire Alarm System
Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire. ... Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may include a situation that increases the likelihood of a fire or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
We Provide Complete Automation Solution for Humidification Plants and We Supply AHU Control Panel,DDC Control Panel,Digital Thermostat,Humidity & Temperature sensors,Control Valves,Liquid Analyser,Gas Detector,Damper Actuators ,Vfd Drives,Monitoring & Recording system,and so on..
The Perfect solution to Balance Product Quality & Operating Cost
Our Solution Partner Building Technologies SIEMENS
Email : www.controls.systemsdm@gmail.com
Website : https://controlsandsystems.business.site
Blog : https://humidificationcontrol.blogspot.com
Basics of fire alarm systems and bildge alarm systems in sri lanka navy crafts. Also included spares what are using and construction of photoelectric smoke detector.
described definition ..all types of fire protection devices...fire alarm systems..fire detector systems..standards for designing building in case of afire,emergency exit,safety factors...
Rajyog Fire Services Pvt. Ltd. established in the year 1992. The Proprietor of the company Mr. Yogesh Asher is a fire protection engineers and contractors and have experience in fire protection field for more than 25 years.
We have highly qualified & well Experienced Engineers supported by skilled & experienced erection team members consisting of Supervisors and work force who specialize in erection of fire Safety devices and related fabrication & installation etc.
The company provides sophisticated technical tools needed to safeguard lives and property from fire.
A Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) / Fire Alarm Control Unit (FACU), is an electric panel that is the controlling component of a fire alarm system which is installed at various places as a protective measure against fire; sounds an alarm when actuated by a fire detection system. Fire Alarm System is essential to warn all occupants that a fire or emergency situation exists. Sometimes fire detection and alarm systems are used to compensate or to give special cover for items of high value. In case of fire early detection of smoke and heat helps in fighting the fire effectively & extinguishing it in nascent stage. Thus by early detection, we can prevent the fire from spreading in turn saving life and loss of property and business.
A fire alarm system warns people when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other fire-related emergencies are detected. There are two types of fire alarm initiating devices: manual and automatic.At the core of a fire alarm system are the detection devices, from sophisticated intelligent smoke detectors to simple manually operated break glass units, there are a wide array of different types, but we can divide them into groups including:
– Heat detectors
– Smoke detectors
– Carbon Monoxide detectors
– Multi-sensor detectors
– Manual Call Points
This presentation provides you basic information about Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS). It includes fire detection and alarm system devices, inspection, drawings and maintenance.
Fire fighting, types of fires, types of fire extinguishers, building management systems, sprinkler systems, heat and smoke sensors.
http://www.greenarchworld.com/
Fire Alarm Systems fall broadly into two groups - Conventional Systems or Analogue Addressable Systems.
• Conventional Fire Alarm Control System
• Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm System
Intelligent Addressable Fire Alarm System
Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire. ... Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may include a situation that increases the likelihood of a fire or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
We Provide Complete Automation Solution for Humidification Plants and We Supply AHU Control Panel,DDC Control Panel,Digital Thermostat,Humidity & Temperature sensors,Control Valves,Liquid Analyser,Gas Detector,Damper Actuators ,Vfd Drives,Monitoring & Recording system,and so on..
The Perfect solution to Balance Product Quality & Operating Cost
Our Solution Partner Building Technologies SIEMENS
Email : www.controls.systemsdm@gmail.com
Website : https://controlsandsystems.business.site
Blog : https://humidificationcontrol.blogspot.com
Basics of fire alarm systems and bildge alarm systems in sri lanka navy crafts. Also included spares what are using and construction of photoelectric smoke detector.
described definition ..all types of fire protection devices...fire alarm systems..fire detector systems..standards for designing building in case of afire,emergency exit,safety factors...
Why are fire detection & alarm system is required in buildings?Shubham .
Why are fire detection and alarm systems required?
Detect fire in the areas.
Notify building occupants to take evasive action to escape the dangers of a hostile fire.
Summon organized assistance to initiate or assist in fire control activities.
Initiate automatic fire control & suppression systems & to sound alarm.
Supervise fire control & suppression systems to assure operational status is maintained Initiate auxiliary functions involving environmental, utility & process controls
Aarush Fire Systems is one of the fastest growing companies in Fire Fighting industry. We offer to the industry a complete selection of products & services to provide turnkey & one stop solution for all kinds of fires. We provide all types of Fire Extinguishers & Spares, Hydrant system & its components, Sprinkler system & its components, Fire alarm & Smoke detection systems and its components, Co2 flooding systems & its components, Fire doors, Safety doors. We also provide class room training as well as live demonstrations of fire fighting equipments & systems. We have tie ups with several organizations & associates to provide the best & most advanced products available in the country today and we are serving in this industry from last 7 years, started with sister concern firm.
energy conservative and efficient technologies in industriesKamran Hassan
Variable Frequency Drive
Energy Efficient Motor
Thermo Compressor
Biogas Plant
Diffuser
Cogeneration
Use Of Boiler’s Flue Gases/Exhaust In Economizer
HP Boiler
Fire detectors - Aspiratory smoke detectorKamran Hassan
Aspirated smoke detection (ASD) is a method of smoke detection where the air from the protected area is actively drawn through a network of air sampling pipes, passed through a central detection unit and sampled for the presence of smoke.
Basic requirement for fire suppression piping - ECARO-25Kamran Hassan
Design requirements of fire suppression system like tee factor, concentration at different temperature, min pressure, nozzle design and min flow rate for fire extinguishing agent
COMMON PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN DATA CENTRESKamran Hassan
in this paper common problems and challenges of data center have been identified and methods have been explained to improve the efficiency and reliability of data center
it explains
Temperature Classes
Causes of High Temperature
Cooling Symbol
ONAN (oil natural air natural).
ONWF (oil natural water forced).
ONAF (oil natural air forced).
OFAN (oil forced air natural).
OFWF (oil forced water forced).
• Directed cooling or zig-zag cooling
• Non directed cooling or axial cooling
• Fully directed cooling or pumped cooling
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Fire alarm , detection and suppression system
1.
2. Basic concept of Fire Alarm and detection
System.
Understand the principle of fire alarm and
detection system.
Componenets of fire alarm and detection
system.
Maintenance of fire alarm and detection
system.
5. Fire Alarm System is a system designed to
provide warning to the outbreak of fire so that
appropriate fire fighting action could be taken
before the situation gets out of control.
An automatic fire alarm system is designed
to detect the presence of fire by monitoring
environmental changes associated with
combustion.
6. There are two primary functions of fire
alarming system
1. Detect fire or fire condition
2. Give alarm in all parts of the buildng
7.
8. This component acts as an input to the fire
alarm control unit and is either manually or
automatically actuated. So there are two type
of fire detection or initiating devices
1. Manual Alarm-Initiating Devices
2. Automatic Alarm-Initiating Devices
9.
10. Manual call points are just used to initiate
alarm
Protective cover for MCP is also aval.
Two type of MCP
• Single action (requires only one action, pressing)
• Double action (requires two actions, open the glass
and press buton
11. Manual fire detection is the oldest method of detection.
In the simplest form, a person yelling can provide fire
warning.
The advantage of manual alarm stations is that, upon
discovering the fire, they provide occupants with a
readily identifiable means to activate the building fire
alarm system.
Outmoded “broken glass” pull stations
12. When activated, it will immediately sound the
notification devices
Pulling a lever outside of enclosure will
activate switch inside enclosure
15. It response to thermal energy
Fixed temperature heat detectors (HD)
Non restorable fixed temp HD
Restorable fixed temp HD
Rate-of-rise heat detector
Combination of detectors
18. Monitors levels of gases released by
combustion
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
19.
20. It receives input from auto / manual fire alarm
devices
Activate Notification devices
Supply power to detection devices
Supply power to notification appliances.
Controls relays / devices connected to panel
Display messages / fault / fault loc on it
display screen
21. The brains of the system
Provides power to the system, monitors inputs
and controls outputs through various circuits
Performs other functions as required by the
appropriate code
23. It requires two power sources
Primary power supply (AC)
Secondry power supply (DC)
24.
25.
26. This component uses energy supplied from the fire alarm
system or other stored energy source, to inform the
proximate persons of the need to take action, usually to
evacuate.
Output or Notification appliances:
bells,
buzzers,
horns,
recorded voice messages,
strobe lights ( high intense flash of short duration to get
more attention)
speakers, and other warning appliances
27. Audible Notification
Audible notification has historically been used
as a notification of fire. The early notification
consisted primarily of bells or sirens. An
advantages of audible devices is that they have
a low power draw
In order for audible devices to alert the
building occupants, the device must be loud
enough to be heard.
The sound level is required to be at least 15
dBA above the average or normal sound level
28.
29. Strobes are required by the ADA in portions of
any building accessible to a hearing impaired
person.
Areas such as conference rooms, restrooms,
hallways, routes of tours & the private office of
someone with a hearing disability are
examples.
32. Such type of System do not indicate which
device is in alarm or trouble
In this system it is extremely difficult to
pinpoint the exact loc of alarm or trouble.
34. Such system make it easier to pinpoint the
exact alarm and trouble condition
The exact pinpointing is accomplished by
having all addressable devices having unique
address
Control panel is able to interrogate each
address and display its status at display screen.
This signal will report the exact loc of any
alarm and trouble condition of the device.
35. Awell maintained system is more reliable and efficient.
Prolong the life span of your fire alarm system
It ensures the safety of your life, your property and yur
business
All types of extinguishers should be inspected at least
once a year to make sure it has proper pressure (gauge
in green or proper cartridge weight), has the correct
volume of extinguishing agent (tech weighs it),
all external parts are serviceable. Often, dry chemical
and dry powder types are hit on the bottom with a
rubber mallet to make sure the powder is free-flowing,
which is called "fluffing" the powder.
36. Keep the record
Log all new activities / events shown on FACP
Keep all records in secured cabneits for future ref on
maint / trouble shooting
Weekly test of FACP
Routine maint
Assign / nominate a person for FACP
39. Also called flame extinguisher or simply
extinguisher.
It is device used to extinguish or control the
fire.
Hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel
containing an agent which can be discharged to
extinguish a fire.
There are two types of fire extinguisher.
1. stored pressure
2. cartridge type.
40. Side cartridge operated units store
the dry chemical in a non-pressurized
container and the compressed nitrogen
gas in a separate cartridge. Only at the
time of actuation is the agent tank under pressure.
Stored pressure extinguishers have the compressed
nitrogen gas that is used as the propellant for the dry
chemical agent stored in the same canister as the dry
Chemical
It is mostly used in industrial areas
Simple and prompt recharge.
41.
42. In stored pressure units, the expellant is stored
in the same chamber as the firefighting agent
itself. Depending on the agent used, different
propellants are used. With dry chemical
extinguishers, nitrogen is typically used; water
and foam extinguishers typically use air.
43.
44.
45.
46. For each class of fire, different extinguish
agents are used:
Serial No Agent Fire Class
1 Halotron A,B,C,E
2 Dry Chemical
Powder
A,B,C
3 CO2 C,E
4 Foam B
5 Water A,B
6 Wet Chemical A
47.
48. For each class of fire , the extinguishing agent is
different
49. FM-200 (C3F7H)
Halotron (CF3Br)
Dry chemical powder
CO2
Foam
Water
Wet Chemical
50. Discharge in 10 sec or less (Fast and Efficient)
It discharge as gas
Removes heat
Leave no residue
Does not req costly clean up unlike sprinkle
system
Environment friendly, negligible global warming
potential
Non ozone depleting agent
Less atmospheric stay time (low atm life time)
No effect / damage to you eqpt
Non conductive
27 lbs protect 790 cubic feet area
51. Advantages
Fast and effective : discharge in 10 sec or less.
Removes heat
Discharge as a gas
Leave no residue
Unlike sprinkle system, do not req costly clean up
Ozone depletion potential is zero ( no cl2 or Br2
Components)
Atmospheric life time is low
Non conductive gas
No corrosive effect / damage to your IT eqpt
52. Discharge in 10 sec or less (Fast and Efficient)
Leave no residue
Does not req costly clean up unlike sprinkle
system
Environment friendly
No effect / damage to you eqpt.
53. Discharge in 10 sec or less (Fast and Efficient)
Leave no residue
Environment friendly
Non conductive
No effect / damage to you eqpt.
54. Color less, odorless, electrically non conductive
fluid(replacement of water)that evaporates
rapidly
Environment friendly, negligible global
warming potential
No effect / damage to you eqpt
Non ozone depleting agent
Less atmospheric stay time (low atm life time)
55. Powder
Applied to electric , solid combustion.
It prevents the chemical reactions and halts the
production of fire sustaining "free-radicals",
thus extinguishing the fire.
Examples are Potassium chloride ,Potassium
bicarbonate, Sodium bicarbonate. Mono
ammonium phosphate, also known as "tri-
class", "multipurpose" or "ABC" dry chemical,
Used on class A, B and C fires
56. Applied to fuel fires
form a frothy blanket or seal over the fuel,
preventing oxygen reaching it.
AFFF (aqueous film forming foam)
AR-AFFF (Alcohol-resistant aqueous film
forming foams)
FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein)
CAFS (compressed air foam system)
57.
58. Applied to solid combustion, flammable
liquids and gases
APW (Air pressurized water) cools burning
material by absorbing heat from burning
material
Used on class A, and B fires
59. Used on solid combustion fire
Wet Chemical extinguishes the fire by forming
a soapy foam blanket over the burning oil and
by cooling the oil below its ignition
temperature.
Wet Chemical (potassium acetate, carbonate, or
citrate)
Used on class A fires
63. Fire protection associations are voluntary and
non profit organizations for promoting fire
fighting awareness and advancement.
FPAP (Pakistan) : Fire Protection Association of
Pakistan
NFPA (USA) : National Fire Protection
Association
FPA (UK) : Fire Protection Association
64. NFPA 12A Halon Fire Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code
NFPA 75 Protection of Electronic Computer/Date Processing Equipment
NFPA 80 Fire Doors and Windows
NFPA 90A Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
NFPA 90B Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems
NFPA 92A Smoke Control Systems
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
NFPA 110 Emergency Power Supplies
NFPA 170 Fire Safety Symbols
NFPA 230 Fire Protection of Storage
NFPA 1221 Installation, Maintenance and Use of Public Fire Service
Communication Systems
NFPA 2001 Fire Extinguishing Systems, Clean Agent
65. Annunciator: A unit containing two or more indicator
lamps, alphanumeric displays, or other equivalent means
in which each indication provides status information
about a circuit, condition, or location.
Automatic Fire Detectors: A device designed to detect the
presence of fire or the products of combustion. Including
but not limited to heat detectors, flame detectors, smoke
detectors.
End Of Line Device: A device such as a resistor or diode
placed at the end of a class B circuit to maintain
supervision.
Fire Alarm Control Unit [Panel]: A system component that
receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm
devices and may supply power to detection devices,
notification appliances and transfer condition of relays or
devices connected to the control unit.
66. Flame Detector: A device that detects the infrared,
ultraviolet, or visible radiation caused by fire.
Heat Detector: A device that detects abnormally high
temperature or rate of temperature rise.
Ionization Smoke Detector: A smoke detector that has
a small amount of radioactive material which ionizes
the air in the sensing chamber, thus rendering it
conductive and permitting a current to flow between
two charged electrodes. This gives the sensing
chamber an effective electrical conductance. When
smoke particles enter the sensing chamber they
decrease the conductance of the air by attaching
themselves to the ions, causing a reduction in
mobility. When conductance is reduced to less than a
predetermined level, the detector responds.
67. Ionization Smoke Detector: A smoke detector
that has a small amount of radioactive material
which ionizes the air in the sensing chamber,
thus rendering it conductive and permitting a
current to flow between two charged electrodes.
This gives the sensing chamber an effective
electrical conductance. When smoke particles
enter the sensing chamber they decrease the
conductance of the air by attaching themselves to
the ions, causing a reduction in mobility. When
conductance is reduced to less than a
predetermined level, the detector responds.
68. Notification Appliance: A fire alarm system
component such as a bell, horn, speaker, strobe,
etc. that provides an audible or visible output or
both.
Notification Appliance Circuit (NAC): A circuit
directly connected to a notification appliance.
Photoelectric Smoke Detector: A smoke detector
utilizing a light source and a photosensitive
sensor so arranged that the rays from the light do
not normally shine on the photosensitive sensor.
When smoke enters the light path, some of the
light reflects off the smoke onto the sensor,
causing the detector to respond.
69. Cross Zoning: for use in false alarm prone
areas, 2 x zones may be linked together so hat
an alarm will occur only if both zones trip
within a specific time period
Manual Release & abort switch : To release or
to stop the release of gas