Fire Fighting "A Complete Handbook"

Fire Fighting
Water system discussion
Prepared by Eng / Ezazul Haque.
#mep_engineer

Water system discussion
1- type of sprinkler water system
2- sprinkler selection
3- sprinkler distribution and piping
4- sprinkler hydraulic calculation
5- standpipe systems
6- stationary fire pump
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

NFPA : National fire protection association
We use expression protection because NFPA related with
1- fire alarm
2- fire fighting
3- smoke management
Fire Definition
Fire, known as combustion, is the process of rapid oxidation at
high Tempreature. This releases hot gases, light, and invisible
forms of radiation energy.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Fire triangle :
1- heat
2- fuel
3-suffiecent percentage of O2
Oxygen must be below 16 % to prevent fire
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Common code:
Nfpa 1 Uniform Fire Code
Nfpa 10 Portable Fire Extinguishers
Nfpa 11 Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
Nfpa 12 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
Nfpa 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems
Nfpa 14 Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
Nfpa 20 Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
Nfpa 22 Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
Nfpa 25 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire
Protection Systems
Nfpa 92A Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure
Differences
Nfpa 99 Health Care Facilities
Nfpa 101 Life Safety Code
Nfpa 750 Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
Nfpa 2001 Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
Nfpa 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- UL Underwriters Laboratories
2- C-UL ( CSA ) Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada
3-FM Factory Mutual Research Corporation
4-LPS Loss Prevention Standards
5- VDS Verband der Schadenversicherer
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- water systems
2- gas systems ( Co2 , FM200 , aresol , novac, …
3- foAm system
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Sprinkler system
1- wet system
2- dry system
3- pre action system
4- deluge system
5- anti freeze system
Standpipe system
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- water tank
2- pump
3- control valve
4- water discharge element ( sprinkler , hose )
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Is the most common system
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Gauges on both sides of the main valve, register pressure on the
supply and system sides,
A retard chamber prevents sudden pressure surges which could
cause a false alarm,
An alarm check valve detects water flow and activates the alarm
system,
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Wet system is common System in sprinkler systems.
• Water fill all pipe from pump to sprinkler.
• When fire happen sprinkler bulb broken water begin
in dropped the pressure in the system side reduce and
the gate (clapper ) open to supply the system with
pressurized water.
• After clapper open water through alarm outlet forward
to fill retard chamber then run the conge
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Alarm check valve have
retard chamber
to accumulate leakage
water before the gong
• Retard chamber have
automatic drain to drain little leakage
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE
LEAKAGE

• Pipes are not filled with water (but with pressurized gas or air),
• Heat from a fire opens a sprinkler head,
• Air pressure drops in the piping and opens a water valve (the dry-
pipe valve)
• Gas, air shall have compressor to keep the pressure and Air
maintenance devices
• System shall have two pressure gauge one in the side of gas and
other in the side of water
• Pressure of gas shall be accordance of dry pipe valve datasheet
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• You can use air or other approved gas ( nitrogen,….)
• The compressed air supply shall be from a source
available at all times
• Pressure of air shall be 20 psi (1.4 bar )
• Check valve shall be installed in air supply line to
prevent water ,air flow from one system to other.
• Quick-Opening Devices shall be installed
• Air Maintenance devise
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

7.2.3.3 A system size of not more than 500 gal (1893 L) shall
be permitted without a quick-opening device and shall not be
required to meet any specific water delivery requirement to
the inspection test connection.
7.2.3.4 A system size of not more than 750 gal (2839 L) shall
be permitted with a quick-opening device and shall not be
required to meet any specific water delivery requirement to
the inspection test connection.( quotation from NFPA 13 , 2013 )
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Quick-Opening Devices important
• Its
reduce the time delay between the
operation of the first sprinkler and the entrance of water into the
sprinkler piping of a dry pipe system to obtain the delivery water
time
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Delivery time : The total time between the opening of the
inspector’s test valve and the water delivery to the test valve
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Quick-Opening Devices operation
when 1st sprinkler run the
pressure from piping system
Pressure in chamber #3
reduce Than chamber #1. then
Pressure variation in the diaphragm
Downward the arm to open
Exhaust valve ,air from exhaust
Valve go down the clapper of
Dry pipe valve to increase time
Of delivery.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Air Maintenance device
7.2.6.6.2 Where the air compressor supplying
the dry pipe system has a capacity less than 5.5
ft3/min (156 L/min) at 10 psi (0.7 bar), an air
receiver or air maintenance device shall not be
required.(nfpa 13,2013)
7.2.6.6.4 A check valve or other positive
backflow prevention device shall be installed
in the air supply to each system to prevent
airflow or water flow from one system to
another. .(nfpa 13,2013)
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Air Maintenance devise
• The By-Pass Valve is opened to fast fill the system during the
initial pressurization
• The Restrictor Check Valve prevents the unloader valve from
bleeding down the system.
• The Pressure Switch will automatically transfer its contacts at
the cut-in pressure to start the air compressor and then shut off
the air compressor once the cut-out pressure is reached.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Air Maintenance device
• .
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• From the geometry of
Dry pipe valve the air side
Area larger than water
Area To magnitude
the same force In little pressure
Air side ( P * A ) =
water side ( p * A)
• Valve consist of hole to
attached with main drain
valve which use in reset
system after control the fire
• The both side ( air , water ) have
pressure gauge .
• Valve must be have connection to quick open device.
Air side
Water side
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Pipes are not filled with water (or gas),
• All sprinkler heads are pre-opened,
• A signal from a detection device mechanically
opens a water valve,
▪ water fills the pipes and flows from all heads,
▪ water flows until shut off,
▪ system is reset
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Deluge valve work by electrical signal from
detector
• At ideal case ( no fire ) the push rod press lever
to close clapper.
• Pressurized water enter from push rode
chamber inlet to press the push rode and the
pipe connected with chamber outlet have
normally closed solenoid to keep the pressure
in the chamber
• At fire case detector send electrical signal to
solenoid to open and reduce press in the push
rod ,return spring pull rode from lever to let
clapper open ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Pipes are not filled with water,
• All sprinkler heads are of the standard type (they are
closed),
• A detection device opens a water valve,
Water fills the pipes,
• Water only flows from a sprinkler head if it is opened
by heat from a fire,
• Water flows until shut off and system is reset
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• Type of pre action system
1- A single interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices
2- A non-interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices or automatic
Sprinklers
3- A double interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of both detection devices and
automatic sprinklers
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

• The same deluge valve
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- Single and Non-Interlock Pre action Systems. Not
more than 1000 automatic sprinklers shall be
controlled by any one pre action valve
2-A system size for double interlock pre action
systems of not more than 500 gal (1893 L) shall be
permitted and shall not be required to meet any
specific water delivery requirement to the trip test
connection.
3-A listed quick-opening device shall be permitted to
be used.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Sprinkler system
component of sprinkler system:
1-tank
2-pump station
3-control valve
4-zone control valve and network
5-sprinkler
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Reference NFPA 13 , 2013
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Definitions ;
Sprinkler :A Fire sprinkler is the part of a fire sprinkler
system that discharges water when the effects of a fire
have been detected, such as when a predetermined
temperature has been reached
System Riser: The aboveground horizontal or vertical
pipe between the water supply and the mains (cross or
feed) that contains a control valve (either directly or
within its supply pipe), pressure gauge, drain, and a water
flow alarm device.
Cross Mains. The pipes supplying the branch lines,
either directly or through riser nipples.
Branch Lines. The pipes supplying sprinklers, either
directly or through sprigs, drops, return bends, or arm-
overs
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Definitions ;
Riser Nipple. Vertical piece of pipe between the main
and branch line
Risers. The vertical supply pipes in a sprinkler system
Response Time Index – RTI: measures the speed of
response of the heat sensitive element
• Traditionally Fast Response Sprinklers have a
thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-
seconds)1/2 or less. ESFR’s must have a thermal
element with an RTI of 36 (meters seconds) 1/2 or less
• Standard Response Sprinklers have a thermal
element with an RTI of 80 (meters-seconds)1/2
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

General Sprinkler Characteristics ( 3.6.1 )
1- Thermal sensitivity
2- Temperature rating
3- K-factor (orifice size )
4-Installation orientation
5-Special service conditions
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- Thermal sensitivity
• STANDARD RESPONSE
– 3 Min. 51 Sec. Room Fire Test
– 100 Sec. Plunge Test
• QUICK RESPONSE
– 75 Sec. Room Fire Test
– 14 Sec. Plunge Test
• RESIDENTIAL
– 14 Sec. Plunge
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Sprinkler
Sprinkler type : (3.6.4) as thermal sensitivity
We can divided sprinkler by time of response
3.6.4.1 Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinkler. A type of spray
sprinkler that is capable of producing characteristic large water droplets and
that is listed for its capability to provide fire control of specific high-challenge
fire hazards.
3.6.4.2 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinkler. A type of fast-
response sprinkler that has a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-
seconds)1/2 or less and is listed for its capability to provide fire suppression of
specific high-challenge fire hazards.
3.6.4.10.1 Standard Spray Sprinkler
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

2- Temperature rating.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

8.3.2.2 Where maximum ceiling temperatures exceed 100°F (38°C),
sprinklers with temperature ratings in accordance with the
maximum ceiling temperatures of Table 6.2.5.1 shall be used.
8.3.2.3 High-temperature sprinklers shall be permitted to be used
throughout ordinary and extra hazard occupancies, storage
occupancies, and as allowed in this standard and other NFPA codes
and standards.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

8.3.2.5* The following practices shall be observed to provide
sprinklers of other than ordinary-temperature classification
unless other temperatures are determined or unless high
temperature sprinklers are used throughout, and
temperature selection shall be in accordance with Table
8.3.2.5(a), Table 8.3.2.5(b), and Figure 8.3.2.5:
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

2- Temperature rating (color code ) .
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

2- Temperature rating (color code ) fast response
.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

3- k – factor (orifice size ) Q=k (p)1/2
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

3- k – factor (orifice size ) Q=k (p)1/2
8.3.4.1 Sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal K-factor of
5.6 (80)
8.3.4.2 For light hazard occupancies not requiring as much
water as is discharged by a sprinkler with a nominal K-factor
of K-5.6(80) operating at 7 psi (0.5 bar), sprinklers having a
smaller orifice shall be permitted, subject to the following
restrictions:
(1) The system shall be hydraulically calculated.
(2)A listed strainer shall be provided on the supply side of
sprinklers with nominal K-factors of less than K-2.8 (40).
6.2.3.5 CMSA and ESFR K-Factors. Control mode specific
application (CMSA) and early suppression fast-response
(ESFR) sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal K-factor ofER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4-Installation orientation (3.6.2)
3.6.2.1 Concealed Sprinkler. A recessed sprinkler with cover plate.
3.6.2.2 Flush Sprinkler. A sprinkler in which all or part of the
body, including the shank thread, is mounted above the lower plane
of the ceiling.
3.6.2.3 Pendent Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in
such a way that the water stream is directed downward against the
deflector.
3.6.2.4 Recessed Sprinkler. A sprinkler in which all or part of the
body, other than the shank thread, is mounted within a recessed
housing.
3.6.2.5 Sidewall Sprinkler. A sprinkler having special deflectors
that are designed to discharge most of the water
away from the nearby wall in a pattern resembling one quarter of a
sphere, with a small portion of the discharge directed at the wall
behind the sprinkler.
3.6.2.6 Upright Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be installed in
such a way that the water spray is directed upwards against the
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4-Installation orientation (3.6.2)
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

We can divided sprinkler by many way
sensitive element
1- glass bulb
2- fusible link
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Selection of sprinkler:
For previous slide we can select write sprinkler that
compliable with nature of building.
Ex :
Standard sprinkler ,1/2 “ , k- 5.6 , pendant , glass bulb
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

classification of system based on occupancy :
1- light hazard
2- ordinary hazard
3- extra hazard
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- light hazard ‫ضعيفه‬ ‫الحرق‬ ‫وقوة‬ ‫قليله‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫كيمة‬
Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other
occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with
relatively low rates of heat release are expected
Ex : A.5.2 Light hazard occupancies include occupancies having uses and conditions
similar to the following:
(1) Animal shelters (2) Churches
(3) Clubs
(4) Educational (5) Hospitals, including animal hospitals and veterinary facilities
(6) Institutional (7) Kennels
(8) Libraries, except large stack rooms (9) Museums
(10) Nursing or convalescent homes
(11) Offices, including data processing
(12) Residential
(13) Restaurant seating areas
(14) Theaters and auditoriums, excluding stages and prosceniums
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

2- ordinary hazard
Ordinary hazard contained two group ( ordinary 1 , ordinary
2 )
Ordinary 1 : ‫متوسطه‬ ‫الحريق‬ ‫وقوه‬ ‫قليله‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫كمية‬
5.3.1.1 Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as
occupancies or portions of other occupancies where combustibility
is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of
combustibles do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with moderate
rates of heat release are expected
Ordinary 2: ‫المواد‬ ‫كمية‬‫وقوه‬ ‫متوسطه‬‫الحريق‬‫عاليه‬ ‫او‬ ‫متوسطه‬
5.3.2.1 Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as
occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity
and combustibility of contents are moderate to high, stockpiles of
contents with moderate rates of heat release do not exceed 12 ft
(3.66 m), and stockpiles of contents with high rates of heat releaseER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Ordinary 1 :
A.5.3.1 Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies include
occupancies
having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1) Automobile parking and showrooms
(2) Bakeries ‫المخابز‬
(3) Beverage manufacturing ‫المشروبات‬ ‫مصانع‬
(4) Canneries ‫التعليب‬ ‫مصانع‬
(5) Dairy products manufacturing and processing ‫منتجات‬
‫االلبان‬
(6) Electronic plants
(7) Glass and glass products manufacturing
(8) Laundries ‫المغاسل‬
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Ordinary 2 :
A.5.3.2 Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies include
occupancies having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1)Agricultural facilities
(2) Cereal mills (3) Confectionery products (4) Distilleries
(5) Dry cleaners (6) Feed mills (7) Horse stables (8) Leather goods
manufacturing
(9) Libraries — large stack room areas (10) Machine shops
(11) Metal working (12) Mercantile (13) Paper and pulp mills
(14) Paper process plants (15) Piers and wharves
(16) Plastics fabrication (17) Post offices (18) Printing and
publishing (19) Repair garages (20) Stages (21) Textile
manufacturing
(22) Tire manufacturing (23) Tobacco products manufacturing
(24) Wood machining (25) Wood product assembly
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Extra Hazard Occupancies
Extra hazard contained two group:
5.4.1 Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra hazard (Group 1)
occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of
other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of
contents are very high and dust, lint, or other materials are
present, introducing the probability of rapidly developing
fires with high rates of heat release but with little or no
combustible or flammable liquids.
5.4.2 Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group 2)
occupancies
shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other
occupancies with moderate to substantial amounts of
flammable or combustible liquids or occupancies where
shielding of combustibles is extensive.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Extra Hazard (Group 1).
A.5.4.1 Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies include occupancies
having uses and conditions similar to the following
(1) Aircraft hangars (except as governed by NFPA 409)
(2) Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas
(3) Die casting
(4) Metal extruding
(5) Plywood and particleboard manufacturing
(6) Printing [using inks having flash points below 100°F (38°C)]
(7) Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying, milling, vulcanizing
(8) Textile picking, opening, blending, garneting, or carding,
combining of cotton, synthetics, wool shoddy.
(10) Upholstering with plastic foams.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Extra Hazard (Group 2).
A.5.4.2 Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies include
occupancies
having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1) Asphalt saturating
(2) Flammable liquids spraying
(3) Flow coating
(5) Open oil quenching
(6) Plastics manufacturing
(7) Solvent cleaning
(8) Varnish and paint dipping
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

component of sprinkler system:
1-tank
2-pump station
3-control valve
4-zone control valve and network
5-sprinkler
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- tree network
2- looped network
3.4.7 Looped Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in which
multiple cross mains are tied together so as to provide more
than one path for water to flow to an operating sprinkler and
branch lines are not tied together
3- gridded net work
3.4.6 Gridded Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system in which
parallel cross mains are connected by multiple branch lines,
causing an operating sprinkler to receive water from both
ends of its branch line while other branch lines help transfer
water between cross mains
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting : ( 6.3 )
1- 6.3.1.2 Steel pipe
2-6.3.1.3Copper tube
6.3.5 Copper Tube. Copper tube as specified in the standards
listed in Table 6.3.1.1 shall have a wall thickness of Type K,
Type L, or Type M where used in sprinkler systems table A6.3.5
( page 282 )
3-6.3.1.4 Nonmetallic
4-6.3.1.5 Brass pipe
6.3.6 Brass Pipe. Brass pipe specified in Table 6.3.1.1 shall be
permitted in the standard weight in sizes up to 6 in.
(150mm)for
pressures up to 175 psig (12 bar) and in the extra strong weight
in sizes up to 8 in. (200mm)for pressures up to 300 psig (20
bar).
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Limitation for using nonmetallic pipes.
6.3.7.2* When nonmetallic pipe is used in combination
systems
utilizing steel piping internally coated with corrosion
inhibitors
and nonmetallic piping, the steel pipe coating shall be
investigated for compatibility with the nonmetallic piping by a
testing laboratory.
6.3.7.4 When nonmetallic pipe is used in combination systems
utilizing steel pipe, cutting oils and lubricants used for
fabrication of the steel piping shall be compatible with the
nonmetallic pipe materials.
See nfpa 13 from 6.3.7.1 to 6.3.7.7
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Steel pipe ( welded or rolled grooved ) minimum
thickness.
the minimum nominal wall thickness for pressures up to 300
psi (20.7 bar) shall be in accordance with Schedule 10 for pipe
sizes up to 5 in. (125 mm), 0.134 in. (3.40 mm) for 6 in. (150
mm) pipe, 0.188 in. (4.78 mm) for 8 in. and 10 in. (200mmand
250 mm) pipe, and 0.330 in. (8.38 mm) for 12 in. (300 mm)
pipe. Table A.6.3.2 ( page 282 )
Steel Pipe — Threaded. Minimum thickness
When steel pipe referenced in Table 6.3.1.1 is joined by
threaded fittings referenced in 6.5.1 or by fittings used with
pipe having cut grooves, the minimum wall thickness shall be
in accordance with Schedule 30 pipe [in sizes 8 in.
(200mm)and larger] or Schedule 40 pipe [in sizes less than 8
in. (200 mm)] for pressures up to 300 psi (20.7 bar).ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting :
6.4.6* Couplings and Unions.
6.4.6.1 Screwed unions shall not be used on pipe larger than 2 in.
(50 mm).
6.4.6.2 Couplings and unions of other than screwed-type shall be
of types listed specifically for use in sprinkler systems. ( welded
or grooved ).
6.5.1 Threaded Pipe and Fittings
6.5.1.2* Steel pipe with wall thicknesses less than Schedule 30
[in sizes 8 in. (200 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [in sizes
less than 8 in. (200 mm)] shall only be permitted to be joined
by threaded fittings where the threaded assembly is
investigated for suitability in automatic sprinkler installations
and listed for this service.
‫من‬ ‫اكبر‬ ‫المواسير‬2‫او‬ ‫اللحام‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫بوصه‬....
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting :
6.5 Joining of Pipe and Fittings
6.5.1.2* Steel pipe with wall thicknesses less than Schedule 30
[in sizes 8 in. (200 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [in sizes
less than 8 in. (200 mm)] shall only be permitted to be joined
by threaded fittings where the threaded assembly is
investigated for suitability in automatic sprinkler installations
and listed for this service.
6.5.3 Groove Joining Methods.
6.5.3.1* Pipe, fittings, valves, and devices to be joined with
grooved couplings shall contain cut, rolled, or cast grooves
that are dimensionally compatible with the couplings.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting :
6.3.7.9 Pipe and Tube Bending.
6.3.7.9.1 Bending of Schedule 10 steel pipe, or any steel pipe of
wall thickness equal to or greater than Schedule 10 and Types
K and L copper tube, shall be permitted when bends are made
with no kinks, ripples, distortions, or reductions in diameter
or any noticeable deviations from round.
6.3.7.9.2 For Schedule 40 and copper tubing, the minimum
radius of a bend shall be six pipe diameters for pipe sizes 2 in.
(50 mm) and smaller and five pipe diameters for pipe sizes 21⁄2
in. (65 mm) and larger.
6.3.7.9.3 For all other steel pipe, the minimum radius of a
bend shall be 12 pipe diameters for all sizes..
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting :
Underground pipe.
6.3.1.1.1* Underground pipe shall be permitted to extend into the
building through the slab or wall not more than 24 in. (0.6 m).
24.1.6.2* Connection Passing Through or Under Foundation Walls.
When system piping pierces a foundation wall below grade or is located
under the foundation wall, clearance shall be provided to prevent
breakage of the piping due to building settlement.
A.24.1.6.2 Where the system riser is close to an outside wall, underground
fittings of proper length should be used in order to avoid pipe joints
located in or under the wall. Where the connection passes through the
foundation wall below grade, a 1 in. to 3 in. (25 mm to 76 mm) clearance
should be provided around the pipe and the clear space filled with
asphalt mastic or similar flexible water proofing material.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Pipe and fitting :
Underground pipe.
10.4.1* The depth of cover over water pipes shall be determined by the
maximum depth of frost penetration in the locality where the pipe is laid
10.4.2 The top of the pipe shall be buried not less than 1 ft (0.3 m) below
the frost line for the locality
10.4.3 In those locations where frost is not a factor, the depth of cover
shall be not less than 21⁄2 ft (0.8 m) to prevent mechanical damage.
10.4.4 Pipe under driveways shall be buried a minimum of 3 ft (0.9 m).]
10.4.5 Pipe under railroad tracks shall be buried at a minimum of 4 ft (1.2
m).
10.4.6 The depth of cover shall be measured from the top of the pipe to
finished grade, and due consideration shall always be given to future or
final grade and nature of soil.
10.1.5* Working Pressure. Piping, fittings, and other system components
shall be rated for the maximum system working pressure to which they
are exposed but shall not be rated at less than 150 psi (10 bar).ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Zone control valve .
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

8.16.1.5 Floor Control Valve Assemblies
8.16.1.5.1* Multistory buildings exceeding two stories in height
shall be provided with a floor control valve, check valve, main
drain valve, and flow switch for isolation, control, and
annunciation of water flow on each floor level.
8.16.1.5.3 The floor control valve, check valve, main drain
valve, and flow switch required by 8.16.1.6.3 shall not be
required where the total area of all floors combined does not
exceed the system protection area limitations of 8.2.1.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1-control valve must be os&y ( out side screw and yoke )
2-tamper switch
3- check valve
4- pressure gauge
5- prv ( optional )
8.16.1.2.1 In portions of systems where all components are not
listed for pressure greater than 175 psi (12.1 bar) and the
potential exists for normal (non fire condition) water pressure
in excess of 175 psi (12.1 bar), a listed pressure-reducing valve
shall be installed and set for an outlet pressure not exceeding
165 psi (11.37 bar) at the maximum inlet pressure
6- drain line ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

6- drain line
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Sprinkler distribution.
Shall know some information before beginning in
sprinkler distribution.
1- building plane area
2-bulding hazard as slide ( 56 – 62 )
3-area per sprinkler area for its hazard
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- area of building plane
We compute the building plane for many reason .
1-know if the building ( area ) need sprinkler protection
or not
2- if building ( area ) need what the correct number for
sprinkler
Number of sprinkler =
𝒃𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒍𝒆𝒓
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- area of building plane
1-1 know if the building ( area ) need sprinkler protection
or not
Area limitation as nfpa 101 all next case shall not need
sprinkler
1- Assembly occupancies consisting of a single multipurpose room of less
than 12,000 ft2 (1115 m2) that are not used for exhibition or display and
are not part of a mixed occupancy
2- Locations in unenclosed stadia and arenas as follows:
(a) Press boxes of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2)
(b) Storage facilities of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2) if enclosed with not
less than 1-hour fire resistance–rated construction
3-Sprinklers shall not be required for stages 1000 ft2 (93 m2) or less in
area and 50 ft (15 m) or less in height.
4-Automatic sprinklers shall not be required in closets not exceeding 24
ft2 (2.2 m2) and in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2), provided that
such spaces are finished with lath and plaster or materials providing a 15-
minute thermal barrier
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

1- building plane area
Number of riser per area
8.2.1 The maximum floor area on any one floor to be protected
by sprinklers supplied by any one sprinkler system riser
or combined system riser shall be as follows:
(1) Light hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(2) Ordinary hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(3)*Extra hazard — Hydraulically calculated — 40,000 ft2
(3716 m2)
A.8.2.1(3) Pipe schedule — 25,000 ft2 (2323 m2).
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

3- ( protection area for sprinkler (As))
As = S x L
S = distance between sprinkler in the branch
L = distance between branches
8.5.2.2.2 The maximum area of coverage of any sprinkler
shall not exceed 400 ft2 (36 m2).
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

3-area / sprinkler area for its hazard ( protection area for
sprinkler (As))
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

3-area / sprinkler area for its hazard ( protection area for
sprinkler (As))
light hazard = 225 ft2
Ordinary hazard = 130 ft2
Extra hazard = 100 ft2
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Distance between sprinkler. ( cont ……. )
maximum
Light hazard = 15 ft 4.6 m
Ordinary hazard = 15 ft 4.6 m
Extra hazard = 12 ft 3.7 m
8.7.3.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall
be spaced not less than 6 ft (1.8 m)
Distance between wall and sprinkler
8.7.3.2 Maximum Distance from Walls. The distance from sprinklers to
the end walls shall not exceed one-half of the allowable distance
permitted between sprinklers
8.6.4.1.1.1 Under unobstructed construction, the distance
between the sprinkler deflector and the ceiling shall be a minimum of 1
in. (25.4 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) throughout the area
of coverage of the sprinkler. ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Distance between sprinkler.
8.7.3.3.1 Sprinklers shall be located a minimum of 4 in. (102
mm) from an end wall.
8.7.3.3.2 The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall be
measured perpendicular to the wall.
8.6.3.2.3* The requirements of 8.6.3.2.1 shall not apply where
walls are angled or irregular, and the maximum horizontal
distance between a sprinkler and any point of floor area
protected by that sprinkler shall not exceed 0.75 times the
allowable distance permitted between sprinklers, provided the
maximum perpendicular distance is not exceeded
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Distance between sprinkler.
Vertical change in ceiling
If X < 36 “ consider ceiling flat
If X > 36 “ two ceiling
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

8.15.1 Concealed Spaces
8.15.1.2.2.1 The space shall be considered a concealed space
even with small openings such as those used as return air for a
plenum
8.15.1.1 Concealed Spaces Requiring Sprinkler Protection.
Concealed spaces of exposed combustible construction shall
be protected by sprinklers except in concealed spaces where
sprinklers are not required to be installed by 8.15.1.2.1 through
8.15.1.2.18 and 8.15.6
Minimum height of concealed that permitted to be
protect is 36”
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Side wall sprinkler.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Side wall sprinkler.
8.7.3.1.5 Where sidewall spray sprinklers are installed on two
opposite walls or sides of bays, the maximum width of the room or
bay shall be permitted to be up to 24 ft (7.32 m) for light hazard
occupancy or 20 ft (6.1 m) for ordinary hazard occupancy, with
spacing as required by Table 8.7.2.2.1.
Distance from wall and ceiling.
8.7.4.1.2.2 Horizontal sidewall sprinkler deflectors shall be located no more than
6 in. (152 mm), and shall be permitted to be located with their deflectors less
than 4 in. (102 mm), from the wall on which they are mounted.
8.7.4.1.1.1 Unless the requirements of 8.7.4.1.1.2 are met, sidewall sprinkler
deflectors shall be located not more than6 in. (152 mm) or less than 4 in. (102
mm) from ceilings.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Max number of sprinkler in the same branch.
1st what is the branch?
Pipe that deliver water from riser nipple to sprinkler.
3.5.8 Riser Nipple. Vertical piece of pipe between the main
and branch line
8.15.20.4.1 When pipe schedule
systems are revamped, a nipple
not exceeding 4 in. (100 mm) in
length shall be permitted to be
installed in the branch line fitting.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Max number of sprinkler in the same branch.
23.5.2.1 Branch Lines.
23.5.2.1.1 Unless permitted by 23.5.2.1.2 or 23.5.2.1.3, branch lines
shall not exceed eight sprinklers on either side of a cross main.
23.5.2.1.2 Where more than eight sprinklers on a branch line are
necessary, lines shall be permitted to be increased to nine
sprinklers by making the two end lengths 1 in. (25.4 mm) and
11⁄4 in. (33 mm), respectively, and the sizes thereafter standard.
23.5.2.1.3 Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a
branch line, making the two end lengths 1 in. (25.4 mm) and 11⁄4
in. (33 mm), respectively, and feeding the tenth sprinkler by a
21⁄2 in. (64 mm) pipe
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Fire department connection.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

6.8.1* Unless the requirements of 6.8.1.1, 6.8.1.2, or 6.8.1.3 are met,
the fire department connection(s) shall consist of two 21⁄2 in. (65
mm) connections using NH internal threaded swivel fitting(s) with
“2.5–7.5 NH standard thread,” as specified in NFPA 1963.
6.8.1.3 A single-outlet fire department connection shall be acceptable
where piped to a 3 in. (80 mm) or smaller riser.
A.8.17.2.3 The purpose of a fire department connection is to supplement
the pressure to an automatic fire sprinkler system. It is not the intent to
size the fire department connection piping based on system demand. For
multiple system risers supplied
by a manifold, the fire department connection need not be larger than
that for an individual system
8.17.2.2 The following systems shall not require a fire department
connection:
(1) Large-capacity deluge systems exceeding the pumping capacity of
the fire department
(2) Single-story buildings not exceeding 2000 ft2 (186 m2) in area.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Arrangement of valve with department connection.
8.17.2.4.1* The fire department
connection shall be on the system side
of the water supply check valve.
8.17.2.4.1.1 The fire department connection
shall not be attached to branch line piping.
8.17.2.4.8 Fire department connections shall
not be connected on the suction side of fire
pumps.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Hydraulic calculation
11.2.3 Water Demand Requirements—Hydraulic
Calculation Methods.
11.2.3.1 General.
11.2.3.1.1 The water demand for sprinklers shall be determined
only from one of the following, at the discretion of the designer:
(1) Density/area curves in accordance with the density/area method.
(2) The room that creates the greatest demand in accordance with the
room design method.
23.4.4.10.1 Minimum operating pressure of any sprinkler shall be 7 psi
(0.5 bar).
23.4.4.11 Maximum Operating Pressure. the maximum operating
pressure of any sprinkler shall be 175 psi (12.1 bar).
23.4.2.4.1 Pressures at hydraulic junction points shall balance within 0.5
psi (0.03 bar). ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Hydraulic calculation procedure
1- classify hazard
2- draw network
3- pipe sizing
4- select area of operation
5- calculate the number of sprinkler that run in the same time
6-select density from area / density curve .
7-culculate flow rate for the first sprinkler from density
= density x area per sprinkler
8- calculate the pressure of first sprinkler from equation
Q= k (P)1/2
9-culculte pressure drop In the pipe from Hazen–Williams
equation
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Area / density curve
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Area / density curve
11.2.3.1.4 Restrictions. When either the density/area method or room
design method is used, the following shall apply:
(1)*For areas of sprinkler operation less than 1500 ft2 (139 m2) used for
light and ordinary hazard occupancies, the density for 1500 ft2 (139 m2)
shall be used.
(2) For areas of sprinkler operation less than 2500 ft2 (232 m2) for extra
hazard occupancies, the density for 2500 ft2 (232 m2) shall be used.
(3)*Unless the requirements of 11.2.3.1.4(4) are met for buildings having
un sprinklered combustible concealed spaces, as described in 8.15.1.2 and
8.15.6, the minimum area of sprinkler operation for that portion of the
building shall be 3000 ft2 (279 m2). The design area of 3000 ft2 (279 m2)
shall be applied only to the sprinkler system or portions of the sprinkler
system that are adjacent to the qualifying combustible concealed space.
The term adjacent shall apply to any sprinkler system protecting a space
above, below, or next to the qualifying concealed space except where a
barrier with a fire resistance rating at least equivalent to the water supply
duration completely separates the concealed space from the sprinklered
area
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

friction loss coefficient
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Equivalent length
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Hose flow rate
11.1.6.3 Where inside hose connections are planned or are required, the
following shall apply:
(1) A total water allowance of 50 gpm (189 L/min) for a single hose
connection installation shall be added to the sprinkler requirements.
(2) A total water allowance of 100 gpm (379 L/min) for a multiple hose
connection installation shall be added to the sprinkler requirements.
8.17.5.2 Hose Connections for Fire Department Use.
8.17.5.2.2* The following restrictions shall apply:
(1) Each connection from a standpipe that is part of a combined system to a
sprinkler system shall have an individual control valve and check valve of
the same size as the connection.
(2) The minimum size of the riser shall be 4 in. (102 mm) unless
hydraulic calculations indicate that a smaller size riser will satisfy sprinkler
and hose stream allowances.
(3) Each combined sprinkler and standpipe riser shall be equipped with a
riser control valve to permit isolating a riser without interrupting the
supply to other risers from the same source of supply.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Hydraulic calculation
11.1.6.4* When hose valves for fire department use are attached
to wet pipe sprinkler system risers in accordance with 8.17.5.2,
the following shall apply:
1- The sprinkler system demand shall not be required to be
added to standpipe demand as determined from NFPA 14.
A.11.1.6.4 For fully sprinklered buildings, if hose valves or
stations are provided on a combination sprinkler riser and
standpipe for fire department use in accordance with NFPA 14,
the hydraulic calculation for the sprinkler system is not required
to include the standpipe allowance.
(2) Where the combined sprinkler system demand and hose
stream allowance of Table 11.2.3.1.2 exceeds the requirements of
NFPA 14, this higher demand shall be used.
(3) For partially sprinklered buildings, the sprinkler demand, not
including hose stream allowance, as indicated in Figure 11.2.3.1.1
shall be added to the requirements given in NFPA 14.ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Hydraulic calculation hose flow rate
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Definitions :
3.3.6 High-Rise Building. A building where the floor of an
occupiable story is greater than 75 ft (23 m) above the lowest level of fire
department vehicle access.
3.3.14 Standpipe. The system piping that delivers the water supply
for hose connections, and for sprinklers on combined systems, vertically
from floor to floor.
3.3.14.1 Horizontal Standpipe. The horizontal portion of the
system piping that delivers the water supply for two or more hose
connections, and for sprinklers on combined systems, on a single level.
3.3.15.1 Automatic Dry Standpipe System. A standpipe system
permanently attached to a water supply capable of supplying the system
demand at all times, containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the
release of which (as from opening a hose valve) opens a dry pipe valve to
allow water to flow into the piping system and out of the opened hose
valve.
3.3.15.2 Automatic Wet Standpipe System. A standpipe system
containing water at all times that is attached to a water supply capable of
supplying the system demand at all times and that requires no action
other than opening a hose valve to provide water at hose connections.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Definitions :
3.3.15.3 Combined System. A standpipe system that supplies both
hose connections and automatic sprinklers.
3.3.17* System Classes.
3.3.17.1 Class I System. A system that provides 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose
connections to supply water for use by fire departments.
3.3.17.2 Class II System. A system that provides 11⁄2 in. (40 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use primarily by trained personnel or by
the fire department during initial response.
3.3.17.3 Class III System. A system that provides 11⁄2 in. (40 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use by trained personnel and 21⁄2 in. (65
mm) hose connections to supply a larger volume of water for use by fire
departments.
3.3.19 Travel Distance. The length measured on the floor or other
walking surface along the centerline of the natural path of travel, starting
from the hose outlet, curving around any corners or obstructions with a
12 in. (300 mm) clearance.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.2 Pipe and Tube.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.2 Pipe and Tube.
4.2.3 Where steel pipe specified in Table 4.2.1 is used and joined by
welding as specified in Section 4.4 or by roll-grooved pipe and fittings as
specified in Section 4.4, the minimum nominal wall thickness for
pressures up to 300 psi (20.7 bar) shall be in accordance with Schedule 10
for pipe sizes up to 5 in. (127 mm), 0.134 in. (3.40 mm) for 6 in. (150 mm)
pipe, and 0.188 in. (4.78 mm) for 8 in. and 10 in. (203 mm and 254 mm)
pipe.
4.2.4 Where steel pipe specified in Table 4.2.1 is joined by threaded
fittings as specified in Section 4.4 or by fittings used with pipe having cut
grooves, the minimum wall thickness shall be in accordance with
Schedule 30 [sizes 8 in. (203 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [sizes less
than 8 in. (203 mm)] pipe for pressures up to 300 psi (20.7 bar).
4.2.5 Copper tube as specified in the standards referenced in Table 4.2.1
shall have a wall thickness of Type K, L, or M where used in standpipe
systems
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.2 Pipe and Tube.
4.2.7 Bending of Pipe and Tube.
4.2.7.1 Bending of Schedule 40 steel pipe and Types K and L copper tube
shall be permitted where bends are made with no kinks, ripples,
distortions, reductions in diameter, or any noticeable deviations from a
round shape.
4.2.7.2 The minimum radius of a bend shall be six pipe diameters for pipe
sizes 2 in. (50 mm) and smaller, and five pipe diameters for pipe sizes 21⁄2
in. (65 mm) and larger.
4.3.4 Screwed unions shall not be used on pipe larger than 2 in. (50 mm).
4.4.1.2* Steel pipe with wall thicknesses less than Schedule 30 [in sizes 8
in. (200 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 [in sizes less than 8 in. (200
mm)] shall only be permitted to be joined by threaded fittings where the
threaded assembly is investigated for suitability in automatic sprinkler
installations and listed for this service.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Standpipe system :
Five types:
1- automatic wet.
2- automatic dry.
3- semiautomatic.
4- manual wet .
5- manual dry.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Standpipe system :
1-Automatic-Wet standpipe, filled with water at all times, is connected
to a permanent water supply that is capable of meeting flow and pressure
requirements.
2-Automatic-Dry standpipe, filled with pressurized air, is connected to a
permanent water supply that is capable of meeting flow and pressure
requirements. It uses a device, such as a dry pipe valve, to admit water
into the system piping automatically upon the opening of a hose valve.
5.2.1 page 16
3-Semi-automatic-Dry standpipe, with empty pipe, is connected to a
permanent water supply that is capable of meeting flow and pressure
requirements. It uses a device, such as a deluge valve, to admit water into
the system piping upon activation of a remote control device located at a
hose connection. A remote control activation device shall be provided at
each hose connection.
4- Manual-Wet standpipe, filled with water at all times, is connected to
a water supply that is not capable of meeting flow and pressure
requirements. The purpose of the water supply is to maintain water
within the system, thus reducing the time it takes to get water to the hose
station outlets. Manual-wet standpipe systems need water from a fire
department pumper (or the like) to be pumped into the system in order
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.6.2 Hose.
4.6.2.1* Each hose connection provided for use by trained personnel
(Class II and Class III systems) shall be equipped with not more than 100
ft (30.5 m) of listed, 11⁄2 in. (40 mm), lined, collapsible or non collapsible
fire hose attached and ready for use.
4.7.5* Hose connections shall be located so that there is at least 3 in.
(76.2 mm) clearance between any adjacent object and the handle of the
valve when the valve is in any position ranging from fully open to fully
closed.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.8 Fire Department Connections.
4.8.1 Fire department connections shall be listed for a working pressure
equal to or greater than the pressure requirement of the system demand.
4.8.2 Each fire department connection shall have at least two 21⁄2 in. (65
mm) internal threaded swivel fittings having NHS
threads
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

6.4.1 shutoff valves shall not be installed between the fire department
connection and the system.
6.4.2 A listed check valve shall be installed in each fire department
connection, including the connection in manual-dry systems, and located
as near as practicable to the point where it joins the system.
6.4.3 The fire department connection shall be installed as follows:
(1) Automatic Wet and Manual Wet Standpipe Systems. On the system
side of the system control valve, check valve, or any pump, but on the
supply side of any isolating valves
(2) Automatic Dry Standpipe Systems. On the system side of the control
valve and check valve and the supply side of the dry pipe valve
(3) Semiautomatic Dry Standpipe Systems. On the system side of the
deluge valve
(4) Manual Dry Standpipe Systems. Directly connected to system piping
with a check valve in the piping.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

7.12.1 One or more fire department connections shall be provided for each
zone of each Class I or Class III standpipe system.
7.12.1.1 The high zone fire department connection(s) shall not be
required to be provided where 7.9.3 applies.
7.12.2 High-rise buildings shall have at least two remotely located fire
department connections for each zone.
7.12.2.1 A single connection for each zone shall be permitted where
acceptable to the fire department.
7.12.3 Fire department connection sizes shall be based on the standpipe
system demand and shall include one 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) inlet per every 250
gpm (946 L/min)
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
7.1* General. The design of the standpipe system is governed by
1- building height.
2- area per floor occupancy classification,
3- egress system design,
4- required flow rate and residual pressure, and
5- the distance of the hose connection from the source(s) of the water
supply
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
7.2* Pressure Limitation.
7.2.1 The maximum pressure at any point in the system at any time shall
not exceed 350 psi (24 bar).
7.2.3* Maximum Pressure at Hose Connections.
7.2.3.1 Where the residual pressure at a 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) outlet on a hose
connection available for trained personnel use exceeds 100 psi (6.9 bar),
an approved pressure-regulating device shall be provided to limit the
residual pressure at the flow required by Section 7.10 to 100 psi (6.9 bar).
7.2.3.1.1 Paragraph 7.2.3.1 shall not apply to the 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) outlet on
a 21⁄2 in. × 11⁄2 in. (65mm× 40 mm) reducer as allowed by 5.3.3.2 and
7.3.4.1.
7.2.3.2* Where the static pressure at a 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose connection
exceeds 175 psi (12.1 bar), an approved pressure regulating device shall be
provided to limit static and residual pressures at the outlet of the hose
connection to 175 psi (12.1 bar).
7.2.3.3 The pressure on the inlet side of the pressure regulating device
shall not exceed the rated working pressure of the device.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
Residual pressure:
7.8.1a minimum residual pressure of 100 psi (6.9 bar) at the outlet of the
hydraulically most remote 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose connection and 65 psi
(4.5 bar) at the outlet of the hydraulically most remote 11⁄2 in. (40 mm)
hose station..
7.8.1.2* Manual standpipe systems shall be designed to provide 100 psi
(6.9 bar) at the topmost outlet with the calculations terminating at the
fire department connection
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

7.3 Locations of Hose Connections
7.3.2* Class I Systems. Class I systems shall be provided with 21⁄2 in. (65
mm) hose connections in the following locations:
(1) At the main floor landing in exit stairways
(2) On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit openings of horizontal
exits(3) In other than covered mall buildings, in each exit passageway at
the entrance from the building areas into the passageway
(4) In covered mall buildings, at the entrance to each exit passageway or
exit corridor, and at the interior side of public entrances from the exterior
to the mall
(5)*At the highest landing of stairways with stairway access to a roof, or
on roofs with a slope of less than 4 in 12 where stairways do not access the
roof.7.3.2.3* Hose connections on one side of a horizontal exit shall not
be required where another outlet on that side of the horizontal exit can
reach the portions of the building on the other side of the horizontal exit
within the distances required by 7.3.2.3.1 that would have been protected
by the outlet that was omitted.
7.3.1.1 Hose connections and hose stations shall be unobstructed and
shall be located not less than 3 ft (0.9 m) or more than 5 ft (1.5 m) above
the floor

Design.
Travel distance
7.3.2.2* Where the most remote portion of a non sprinklered floor or
story is located in excess of 150 ft (45.7 m) of travel distance from a hose
connection in or adjacent to a required exit or the most remote portion of
a sprinklered floor or story is located in excess of 200 ft (61 m) of travel
distance from a hose connection in or adjacent to a required exit,
additional hose connections shall be provided.
7.3.2.3.1 This travel distance shall be 200 ft (61 m) for sprinklered
buildings and 130 ft (39.7 m) for non sprinklered buildings.
7.3.3* Class II Systems.
7.3.3.1 Class II systems shall be provided with 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) hose
stations so that all portions of each floor level of the building are within
130 ft (39.7 m) of a hose connection provided with 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) hose
or within 120 ft (36.6 m) of a
hose connection provided with less than 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) hose.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
7.4 Number of Standpipes. Separate standpipes shall be provided in
each required exit stairway.
7.6 Minimum Sizes for Standpipes and Branch Lines.
7.6.1 Class I and Class III standpipes shall be at least 4 in. (100 mm) in
size.
7.6.2 Standpipes that are part of a combined system shall be at least 6 in.
(150 mm) in size.
7.6.3 Where the building is protected throughout by an approved
automatic sprinkler system the minimum standpipe size shall be 4 in.
(100 mm) for systems hydraulically designed
7.6.4 Branch lines shall be sized based on the hydraulic criteria but not
less than 21⁄2 in. (65 mm).
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
Standpipe zone: ex page 39 nfpa 14 , 2013
A.7.9 Standpipe system zones are intended to limit system design
pressures to not more than 350 psi (24 bar) .
7.9.1.2 Pumps that are arranged in series shall be permitted to be, but are
not required to be, located on the same level. FM doesn't permit series
arrangement as FMDS404N
7.9.3* For systems with two or more zones in which any portion of the
higher zones cannot be supplied by means of fire department pumpers
through a fire department connection, an auxiliary means of supply in the
form of high-level water storage with additional pumping equipment
A.7.9.3 An auxiliary means can also be in the form of pumping through
the fire department connection in series with the low- or mid-zone fire
pump
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
7.10 Flow Rates.
7.10.1 Class I and Class III Systems.
A.7.10.1.1 If a water supply system supplies more than one building or
more than one fire area, the total supply can be calculated based on the
single building or fire area requiring the greatest number of standpipes.
7.10.1.1.1 For Class I and Class III systems, the minimum flow rate for the
hydraulically most remote standpipe shall be 500 gpm (1893 L/min),
through the two most remote 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) outlets.
7.10.1.1.2* Where a horizontal standpipe on a Class I or Class III system
supplies three or more hose connections on any floor, the minimum flow
rate for the hydraulically
most demanding horizontal standpipe shall be 750 gpm (2840 L/min)
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
7.10 Flow Rates.
7.10.1 Class I and Class III Systems.
7.10.1.1.3 The minimum flow rate for additional standpipes shall be 250
gpm (946 L/min) per standpipe for buildings with floor areas that do not
exceed 80,000 ft2 (7432 m2) per floor. For buildings that exceed 80,000
ft2 (7432m2) per floor, the minimum flow rate for the additional
standpipes shall be 500 gpm (1893 L/min) for the second standpipe and
250 gpm (946 L/min) for the third standpipe if the additional flow is
required for an un sprinklered building.
7.10.1.1.5 The maximum flow rate shall be 1000 gpm (3785 L/min) for
buildings that are sprinklered throughout, in accordance with NFPA 13,
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, and 1250 gpm (4731
L/min) for buildings that are not sprinklered throughout, in accordance
with NFPA 13.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
7.10 Flow Rates.
7.10.2 Class II Systems.
7.10.2.1 Minimum Flow Rate.
7.10.2.1.1 For Class II systems, the minimum flow rate for the
hydraulically most remote hose connection shall be 100 gpm (379 L/min).
7.10.2.1.2 Additional flow shall not be required where more than one hose
connection is provided.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
Hydraulic calculation:
7.10.1.2.1 Hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each standpipe shall be
based on providing 250 gpm (946 L/min) at the two hydraulically most
remote hose connections on the standpipe and at the topmost outlet of each
of the other standpipes at the minimum residual pressure required by
Section 7.8.
7.10.1.2.1.1* Where a standpipe system has risers that terminate at different
floor levels, separate hydraulic calculations shall be performed for the
standpipes that exist on each level. In each case, flow shall be added only for
standpipes that exist on the floor level of the calculations.
7.10.1.2.2 Where a horizontal standpipe on a Class I and Class III system
supplies three or more hose connections on any floor, hydraulic calculations
and pipe sizes for each standpipe shall be based on providing 250 gpm (946
L/min) at the three hydraulically most remote hose connections on the
standpipe and at the topmost outlet of each of the other standpipes at the
minimum residual pressure required by Section 7.8.
7.10.1.2.3* Common supply piping shall be calculated and sized to provide
the required flow rate for all standpipes connected to such supply piping,
with the total not to exceed the maximum flow demand in 7.10.1.1.5.
7.10.1.2.4 Flows from additional standpipes as required by 7.10.1.1 shall not
be required to be balanced to the higher pressure at the point of connection

Design.
Hydraulic calculation: class II
7.10.2.2.1 Hydraulic calculations and pipe sizes for each standpipe shall
be based on providing 100 gpm (379 L/min) at the hydraulically most
remote hose connection on the standpipe at the minimum residual
pressure 4.5 bar
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
Hydraulic calculation:
7.10.1.3 Combined Systems
7.10.1.3.1.1 In a building protected in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard
for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or NFPA13R, Standard for the
Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low- Rise Residential Occupancies,
the water supply for the combined sprinkler and automatic standpipe
system shall be based on the sprinkler system demand (including any
hose stream demand) or the standpipe demand, whichever is greater.
7.10.1.3.1.2 A separate sprinkler demand shall not be required.
7.10.1.3.2 For a combined system in a building equipped with partial
automatic sprinkler protection, the flow rate required by 7.10.1 shall be
increased by an amount equal to the hydraulically calculated sprinkler
demand or 150 gpm (568 L/min) for light
hazard occupancies, or by 500 gpm (1893 L/min) for ordinary hazard
occupancies, whichever is less.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
9.2 Minimum Supply for Class I and Class III Systems. The water
supply shall be capable of providing the system demand established by
Sections 7.8 and 7.10 for at least 30 minutes.
9.3 Minimum Supply for Class II Systems. The minimum supply for
Class II systems shall be capable of providing the system demand
established by Sections 7.8 and 7.10 for at least 30 minutes
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Drain and the test
7.11.2 Drains. All standpipe systems shall be equipped with drain
connections.
7.11.2.1 A main drain shall be provided on the standpipe system side of
the system control valve
7.11.2.4 The main drain connection shall be provided at a location that
permits the valve to be opened wide without causing water damage.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
Example :
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Design.
Example :
A.7.10.1.2.1.1 For example, consider the standpipe system shown in Figure
A.7.10.1.2.1.1 with two risers that terminate at the 15th floor and two risers
that terminate at the 10th floor of this fully sprinklered high-rise
building. In this case, two separate hydraulic calculations need to be
performed. The first would verify that the system can deliver 100 psi (6.9
bar) to the top of the risers on the 15th floor with a total of 750 gpm (2840
L/min) flowing [250 gpm (946 L/min) each at points A, B, and C]. The
second would need to prove that the system can deliver 100 psi (6.9 bar)
to the 10th floor with a total of 1000 gpm (3785 L/min) flowing [250 gpm
(946 L/min) each
at points D, E, F, and G]. Note that since the building is sprinklered, there
is no flow required from the fourth riser in this second calculation.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Type of fire pump.
1- Horizontal Split-Case Pump
2-Vertical Line shaft Turbine Pump.
3- In-Line Pump.
4-End Suction Pump
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Source of water.
4.6.2.1 Any source of water that is adequate in quality, quantity,
and pressure shall be permitted to provide the supply for a fire
pump.
4.6.2.2 Where the water supply from a public service main is
not adequate in quality, quantity, or pressure, an alternative
water source shall be provided.
4.6.4.1 A stored supply plus reliable automatic refill shall be
sufficient to meet the demand placed upon it for the design
duration.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
6.1.1.1 Centrifugal pumps shall be of the overhung impeller
design and the impeller between bearings design.
6.1.1.3 The impeller between bearings design shall be
separately coupled single-stage or multistage axial
(horizontal) split-case-type
6.1.2* Application. Centrifugal pumps shall not be used where a
static suction lift is required.
A.6.1.2 The centrifugal pump is particularly suited to boost
the pressure from a public or private supply or to pump from a
storage tank where there is a positive static head.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Types of Centrifugal Pumps.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Types of Centrifugal Pumps. Page 74 NFPA 20
edition 2013
1-end suction
2- inline
3- horizontal spilt case.
4- vertical spilt case.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Characteristic of Centrifugal Pumps.
6.2.1 Pumps shall furnish not less than 150 percent of rated capacity
at not less than 65 percent of total rated head
6.2.2 The shutoff head shall not exceed 140 percent of rated head
for any type pump.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings.
6.3.1* Where necessary, the following fittings for the pump shall be
provided by the pump manufacturer or an authorized
representative:
(1) Automatic air release valve
(2) Circulation relief valve
(3) Pressure gauges
6.3.2 Where necessary, the following fittings shall be provided:
(1) Eccentric tapered reducer at suction inlet
(2) Hose valve manifold with hose valves
(3) Flow measuring device
(4) Relief valve and discharge cone
(5) Pipeline strainer
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings. Hose valve manifold with hose valves & flow meter
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings. Air release valve 6.3.3
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
6.3 Fittings. Relief valve with cone.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
Connection between drive and pump by coupling.
6.5.1.1 Separately coupled–type pumps with electric motor
drivers shall be connected by a flexible coupling or flexible
connecting shaft.
2.4.5 Mechanical Seals FM FMDS0307
2.4.5.1 Only use pumps that have been specifically FM Approved for use
with mechanical shaft seals.
2.4.5.2 Only use pumps equipped with mechanical seals in systems that
meet the following criteria:
1) The suction source water is clean. Do not use pumps with mechanical
seals in systems where any water source is an open body of water (e.g.,
retention pond, lake, or river).
2) The suction pressure is positive under all conditions of pump flow.
3) A spare split mechanical seal set is maintained on site.
4) Weekly testing of the pump is conducted.ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Performance curve.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Suction line.
1- vortex plate.
4.14.10* Anti-Vortex Plate. Where a tank
is used as the suction source for a fire
pump, the discharge outlet of the tank
Shall be equipped with an assembly
that controls vortex flow in accordance
with NFPA 22.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.14.8* Suction Screening.
4.14.8.1 Where the water supply is obtained from an open source such as a
pond or wet pit, the passage of materials that might clog the pump shall
be obstructed.
4.14.8.4 Below minimum water level, these screens shall have an effective
net area of opening of 1 in.2 for each 1 gpm (170 mm2 for each 1 L/min) at
150 percent of rated
pump capacity.
4.14.8.6 Mesh screens shall be brass, copper, Monel, stainless steel, or
other equivalent corrosion-resistant metallic material wire screen of 0.50
in. (12.7 mm) maximum mesh and No. 10 B&S gauge.
4.14.8.11 Screens shall have at least 62.5 percent open area
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

2- OS&Y Gate Valve – 4.14.5.1
The OS&Y gate valve in the suction piping of a fire pump serves two
purposes. As liquid flows into a fire pump, it needs to be as free of
turbulence as possible, to avoid introducing air pockets into the
impeller and to avoid imbalanced loads on the impeller. When a
gate valve is in the fully open position, the clapper is retracted into
the body of the valve, leaving the liquid passageway clear of any
obstruction and effectively enabling laminar flow. The OS&Y Valve
also provides a way to isolate the fire pump from the liquid supply
so a repair(s) can be made to the fire pump.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

2. Eccentric Reducer (Pump Suction) – 4.14.6.4
An eccentric reducer is used on the suction side of a fire pump assembly
to reduce the
likelihood of air pockets entering the pump impeller. In most pump
installations, the suction pipe is larger than the pump suction opening;
an eccentric reducer installed with the flat side on the top is used to
reduce the suction size pipe to match the pump suction opening. If the
suction pipe is the same as the pump suction opening, a reducer is not
required.
3. Pressure Gauge – 4.10.1
When there is a possibility of a suction pressure below 20 psi, the suction
pressure gauge is required to be a compound gauge capable of registering
negative pressures.
This gauge provides the pump operator the ability to monitor the suction
pressure to assure that operating pressures comply with Section 4.14.3.1,
which — except when taking suction from a tank — does not permit the
suction pressure to drop below 0 psi while the pump is operating at 150
percent of its rated capacity. If a fire pump starts to draw a negative
suction pressure, there is a possibility that both the fire pump and the
suction piping could cavitate. ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Discharge line.
1- check valve
2- os & y gate valve.
3-relief valve in diesel pump
4.15.6* A listed check valve or backflow preventer shall be installed
in the pump discharge assembly.
4.15.7* A listed indicating gate or butterfly valve shall be installed
on the fire protection system side of the pump discharge check
valve.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Diesel discharge relief valve
4.18.1.2 Where a diesel engine fire pump is installed and where a total of 121
percent of the net rated shutoff (churn) pressure plus the maximum static
suction pressure, adjusted for elevation, exceeds the pressure for which the
system components are rated, a pressure relief valve shall be installed. Ex
stationary fire pump , 2013 page 116
4.18.3 Location. The relief valve shall be located between the pump and the
pump discharge check valve and shall be so attached that it can be readily
removed for repairs without disturbing the piping.
A.4.18.1.1 In situations where the required system pressure is close to the
pressure rating of the system components and the water supply pressure
varies significantly over time, to eliminate system over pressurization, it
might be necessary to use one of the following:
(1) A tank between the water supply and the pump suction, in
lieu of directly connecting to the water supply piping
(2) A variable speed pressure limiting control device
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.11 Circulation Relief Valve.
4.18.5.1 The relief valve shall discharge into an open pipe or into a cone or
funnel secured to the outlet of the valve.
4.18.5.2 Water discharge from the relief valve shall be readily visible or
easily detectable by the pump operator.
4.18.5.4 If a closed-type cone is used,
it shall be provided with means for
detecting motion of water through
the cone.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Stationary fire pump ,2013 page 90
When a centrifugal fire pump is operating at churn, energy is
continuously imparted to the water in the impeller, causing the water to
heat. For electrical drive fire pumps and radiator cooled engine–driven
fire pumps, a listed circulation relief valve is needed to provide cooling
water when the pump is operating at churn. The pipe connection for this
valve must be located on the discharge side of the pump to cause flow
through the pump casing and should discharge outdoors or to a floor
drain where discharge can be observed by the pump operator.
This valve should be installed in the vertical position, because
installation in the horizontal position may cause the valve to fail at an
accelerated rate due to obstructing material collecting in the valve seat.
Failure or the omission of this valve can result in overheating and
subsequent damage to the fire pump.
Exhibit II.4.7 illustrates a ¾ in. (19 mm) circulation (casing) relief valve.
Exhibit II.4.8 illustrates a cooling line to a diesel engine installed
downstream of the pump, which eliminates the need for a circulation
relief valve.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

4.11.1.6 The automatic relief valve shall have a nominal size of 0.75 in. (19
mm) for pumps with a rated capacity not exceeding 2500 gpm (9462
L/min) and have a nominal size of 1 in. (25 mm) for pumps with a rated
capacity of 3000 gpm to 5000 gpm (11,355 L/min to 18,925 L/min.
4.11.1.2 The valve shall be installed on the discharge side of the pump
before the discharge check valve.
4.11.1.3 The valve shall provide flow of sufficient water to prevent the
pump from overheating when operating with no discharge.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps. Sizing of suction and
discharge line.
4.14.3.1 Unless the requirements of 4.14.3.2 are met, the size of the
suction pipe for a single pump or of the suction header pipe for multiple
pumps (designed to operate together) shall be such that, with all pumps
operating at maximum flow (150 percent of rated capacity or the
maximum flow available from the water supply.
4.14.3.3 The size of that portion of the suction pipe located within 10 pipe
diameters upstream of the pump suction flange.
4.10.2.1.1 Where the minimum pump suction pressure is below 20 psi (1.3
bar) under any flow condition.
***The size of the suction pipe is based on limiting water velocity to
not more than 15 ft/sec (4.57 m/sec) to limit turbulent flow in the pipe.
Turbulent flow generates air bubbles in the water, which adversely affect
pump efficiency.
Fire stationary pump 2013 page 98
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

discharge line.
A.4.15.5 The discharge pipe size should be such that, with the
pump(s) operating at 150 percent of rated capacity, the velocity in
the discharge pipe does not exceed 20 ft/sec (6.1 m/sec).
4.15.5* The size of pump discharge pipe and fittings shall not be
less than that given in Section 4.26.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

discharge line.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20 Water Flow Test Devices.
A.4.20.1.1 The two objectives of running a pump test are to
make sure that the pump itself is still functioning properly
and to make sure that the water supply can still deliver the
correct amount of water to the pump at the correct pressure.
Some arrangements of test equipment do not permit the water
supply to be tested.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20.1.4* Where a test header is installed, it shall be installed on an
exterior wall or in another location outside the pump room that
allows for water discharge during testing.
A.4.20.1.4 The hose valves of the fire pump test header should
be located on the building exterior. This is because the test
discharge needs to be directed to a safe outdoor location, and
to protect the fire pumps, controllers, and so forth, from
accidental water spray.
In instances where damage from theft or vandalism is a
concern, the test header hose valves can be located within the
building but outside of the fire pump room.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
A.4.20.1.2 Outlets can be provided through the use of standard test headers, yard
hydrants, wall hydrants, or standpipe hose valves.
The following notes apply to Figure A.4.20.1.2(a) and Figure A.4.20.1.2(b):
(4) The fire protection system should have outlets available to test the fire pump
and suction supply piping. (See A.4.20.3.1.)
(5) The closed loop meter arrangement will test only net pump performance. It
does not test the condition of the suction supply, valves, piping.
(6) Return piping should be arranged so that no air can be trapped that would
eventually end up in the eye of the pump impeller.
(7) Turbulence in the water entering the pump should be avoided to eliminate
cavitation, which would reduce pump discharge and damage the pump impeller.
For this reason, side connection is not recommended.
(10) Pressure sensing lines also need to be installed in accordance with 10.5.2.1
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20.2 Meters and Testing Devices.
4.20.2.2 Metering devices or fixed nozzles shall be capable of water
flow of not less than 175 percent of rated pump capacity -- table
26.a
4.20.2.5 For non hydraulically sized piping, the minimum size
meter for a given pump capacity shall be permitted to be used
where the meter system piping does not exceed 100 ft (30.5 m)
equivalent length.
4.20.2.6 For non hydraulically sized piping, where meter system
piping exceeds 100 ft (30.5 m), including length of straight pipe
plus equivalent length in fittings, elevation, and loss through
meter, the next larger size of piping shall be used to minimize
friction loss.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.20.3 Hose Valves.
A.4.20.3.1 The hose valves should be attached to a header or manifold and
connected by suitable piping to the pump discharge piping. The
connection point should be between the discharge check valve and the
discharge gate valve. Hose valves should be located to avoid any possible
water damage to the pump driver or controller
4.20.3.1.2 The number and size of hose valves used for pump testing
shall be as specified in Section 4.26.
4.20.3.3.1 A listed indicating butterfly or gate valve shall be located in the
pipeline to the hose valve header
(1) Where the pipe between the hose valve header and the connection to
the pump discharge pipe is over 15 ft (4.5 m) in length, the next larger
pipe size than that requir ed by 4.20.3.1.3 shall be used.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.25* Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or Make-Up) Pumps.
4.25.1.1* The pressure maintenance pump shall be sized to replenish the
fire protection system pressure due to allowable leakage and normal
drops in pressure.
***For situations where the pressure maintenance pump serves only
aboveground piping for fire sprinkler and standpipe systems, the pressure
maintenance pump should be sized to provide a flow less than a single
fire sprinkler.
The main fire pump should start and run (providing a pump running
signal) for any water flow situation where a sprinkler has opened, which
will not happen if the pressure maintenance pump is too large. One
guideline that has been successfully used to size pressure maintenance
pumps is to select a pump that will make up the allowable leakage rate in
10 minutes or 1 gpm (3.8 L/min), whichever is larger
4.25.2 Pressure maintenance pumps shall have rated capacities not less
than any normal leakage rate.
4.25.3 Pressure maintenance pumps shall have discharge pressure
sufficient to maintain the desired fire protection system pressure.ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
RULE OF thumb : stationary fire pump , 2013 page 134
A general rule of thumb for sizing jockey pumps supplying underground
piping has been to use 1 percent of the fire pump rated capacity and add
10 psi (0.7 bar) to the pressure rating of the fire pump.
For example, a fire pump with a rated capacity of 1000 gpm at 100 psi
(3785 L/min at 6.9 bar) should be provided with a jockey pump of 10 gpm
at 110 psi (37.8 L/min at 7.6 bar) rated capacity.
An exception to this general rule is when older underground systems leak
excessively. In such a case, the jockey pump capacity should be increased
further, based on the leakage rate of the underground system
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
4.25.5 Piping and Components for Pressure Maintenance Pumps.
4.25.5.3 An isolation valve shall be installed on the suction side of the
pressure maintenance pump to isolate the pump for repair.
4.25.5.4 A check valve and isolation valve shall be installed in the
discharge pipe.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
Sensing line . Page 73
4.30* Pressure Actuated Controller Pressure Sensing
Lines
4.30.1 For all pump installations, including jockey pumps,
each controller shall have its own individual pressure sensing
line.
4.30.2 The pressure sensing line connection for each pump,
including jockey pumps, shall be made between that pump’s
discharge check valve and discharge isolation valve.
4.30.3* The pressure sensing line shall be brass, rigid copper
pipe Types K, L, or M, or Series 300 stainless steel pipe or
tube, and the fittings shall be of 1⁄2 in. (15 mm) nominal size.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
Control.
10.5.2.5.3 If water requirements call for more than one pumping unit to
operate, the units shall start at intervals of 5 to 10 seconds.
Pump starting.
NFPA 14 , 2013 page 98 A.14.2.6 (4)
Jockey stop = churn + static
Jockey start less jockey stop by 10 psi
Fire pump start less jockey start 5 psi
Use 10 psi increment for any additional pump
FM FMDS0307 page 14 2.6.4.5
1. The jockey pump start point equals the pump pressure at churn (zero flow)
plus the maximum static pump suction pressure plus 5 psi. Jockey start = churn
+ sattic + 5
2. The jockey pump stop point is 10 psi (70 kPa) more than the jockey pump start
point.
Jockey stop mor jockey start by 10 psi
3. The fire pump start point is 5-10 psi (35-70 kPa) less than the jockey pump
start point. Use 10 psi (70 kPa) decrements for each additional pump start.
Fire pump start 5- 10 psi less than jockey start
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Centrifugal Pumps.
Control.
Example pump have 1000 gpm 80 psi churn pressure 95 psi , suction
static pressure 60 psi
Churn + static = 155
NFPA FM
Jockey start 145 160
Jockey stop 155 170
1st fir pump start 135 155
2nd fire pump start 125 145
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Vent pipe
4.15.2 A vent pipe shall have a cross-sectional area equal to a
minimum of one-half the area of the discharge pipe(s) or fill
pipe, whichever is the larger
4.15.3 A corrosion-resistant screen or perforated plate with
9.5-mm ( -in.) holes, to exclude birds or other animals, shall
be provided and have a net area at least equal to the vent line.
4.15.4 In the case of a screen, this requires a gross area at least
one and one-half times the cross-sectional area of the
discharge pipe(s) or fill pipe, whichever is larger.
4.15.7 The overflow pipe shall not be included as vent area.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Filling
13.1.10.1 The tank shall be kept filled, and the water level shall never be more
than 76 mm or 102 mm (3 in. or 4 in.) below the designated fire service level
13.1.11.3 A listed, closed-circuit, high-water and low-water level electric alarm
shall be
permitted to be used in place of the gauge where acceptable to the authority
having jurisdiction.
13.4.6.1 Pipes for the automatic filling of suction tanks shall discharge into the
opposite half of the tanks from the pump suction pipe
Filling Pumps.
14.4.2 The means to fill the tank shall be sized to fill the tank in a maximum
time of 8 hours
13.4.2.2 The filling pipe shall be of at least 50 mm (2 in.) and, except as noted in
13.4.3,
shall be connected directly into the tank discharge pipe, in which case a listed
indicating
control valve and a check valve shall be placed in the filling pipe near the tank
discharge pipe, with the check valve located on the pump side of the listed
indicating valve.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Over flow
13.5.1 Size. The overflow pipe shall be of adequate capacity for the operating
conditions
and shall be of not less than 75 mm (3 in.) throughout
13.5.2.1 The inlet of the overflow pipe shall be located at the top capacity line or
high waterline.
13.5.2.2 The inlet also shall be located at least 25 mm (1 in.) below the bottom of
the flat cover joints in a wood tank, but shall never be closer than 50 mm (2 in.)
to the top of the tank.
13.5.2.3 Unless the maximum fill capacity is known and the overflow capacity is
calculated
to be at least equal to the fill capacity, the overflow pipe shall be at least one
pipe size larger than the fill line and shall be equipped with an inlet such as a
concentric reducer, or equivalent, that is at least 50 mm (2 in.) larger in
diameter.
13.5.2.4 The inlet shall be arranged so that the flow of water is not retarded by
any obstruction.
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

Riser Drain.
13.6.4.1 A drain pipe of at least 50 mm (2 in.) that is fitted with a controlling
valve and a
12-mm (½-in.) drip valve shall be connected into the tank discharge pipe near its
base and,
where possible, on the tank side of all valves.
EMAIL ID- ezazsidd1993@gmail.com
Linkedin – www.linkedin.com/in/ezazsiddique1993
ER. EZAZUL HAQUE

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