Fire hydrant systems provide pressurized water throughout buildings via pipes and strategically located valves for firefighting. They consist of a water supply, pipework and valves to direct water, and hydrants located according to building provisions. Portable fire equipment like extinguishers are also used to fight small fires and come in different types depending on the class of fire. Proper equipment selection is important for fire safety in buildings.

1. DESIGN AND SAFETY
EQUIPMENT

7. FIRE HYDRANT
fire hydrant system is a water supply with a sufficient pressure and flow delivered through pipes
throughout a building to strategically located network of valves for fire-fighting purposes.

8. PARTS OF WATER HYDRANT:
Water Supply & Storage,Pipework , Valves,Fire Brigade Booster,Pumpset,Hydrant,
Hydrant Valve or Landing Valve & Coupling, Block Plan.
Pipework & Valves
To direct the water from its point of origin (supply) to its destination (hydrant valve)
requires a series of interconnected pipes at defined sizes.
Fire Brigade Booster:
The booster assembly provides a point of attachment for the fire brigade to provide
additional water to a fire hydrant system in in the event of an emergency.
Booster Pumpset
In some circumstances where the a hydraulic analysis has determined that the water
supply is insufficient for the building requirements, one or more booster pumpsets
may be required.
A pumpset may comprise a combination of electric or compression ignition (diesel)
motors.
Hydrant
The end-point of a fire hydrant system is the Hydrant (also known as a Hydrant Valve,
Landing Valve or Millcock) strategically located throughout a building in
accordance with the provisions

12. Portable Fire Fighting Equipment
•A fire extinguisher, or is an
active fire protection device used to extinguish
or control small fires, often in emergency
situations.
•Portable firefighting equipment includes
fire blankets and fire extinguishers.
•Fire blankets are only used once – a smoky,
greasy fire blanket is no good at all for putting
over a fire.
There are two main types of fire extinguishers:
•stored-pressure:water and foam extinguishers
•Uses:the most common type.
•cartridge-operated: contain the expellant gas
•Uses:industrial facilities,where they receive higher-than-average use.
•Handheld :weigh from 0.5 to 14 kilograms
•cart-mounted :more than 23 kilograms.
construction sites, airport runways, etc
Standard Fire extinguishers
foam and water extinguishers are available in: > 1.5kg,> 2.5kg,> 4.5kg
> 9kg ,> 25kg ,> 50kg
CO² extinguishers are available in: >2kg ,> 5kg

13. •Wheeled fire extinguishers
•are specifically designed and built for the protection of hazardous
areas where
large fires could occur.
•They combine high mobility and single-person operation with
increased flow rate, discharge times and ranges.
• They are available as both mobile and stationary units.
A table showing the type to be used under different circumstances
Type
Band
colour
(brackets
denote
sometimes
applicable)
A B C D E F
Water Signal red A
Wet chemical Oatmeal A F
Foam
Ultramarin
e blue
A B
Dry powder White A B C E
Dry powder (metal
fires)
Lime green D
Carbon dioxide Black (A) B E
Vaporizing liquid
(non-halon clean
agents)
Golden
yellow
A B C E

16. Dry chemical or dry powder
This is a powder based agent that extinguishes by separating the four parts of the
fire tetrahedron. It prevents the chemical reactions .
used on class A, B, and C fires.
Foams
used on A and B fires and for vapor suppression.
The most common type in portable foam extinguishers.
Water types
Cools burning material.
Very effective against fires in furniture, fabrics, etc. (including deep seated fires),
and can be safely used only in the absence of electricity.
Wet chemical and water additives
extinguishes the fire by forming an air-excluding soapy foam blanket .
Generally class A and K

17. fire hose (or firehose) is a high-pressure hose that
carries water or other fire retardant (such as foam) to a fire
to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches either to a
fire engine or a fire hydrant. Indoors, it can permanently
attach to a building's standpipe or plumbing system.
the user attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens a
valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water,
This user can attach this hose to a fire engine, which can
use a
powerful pump to boost the water pressure and possibly
split it
into multiple streams.
fire hydrant
A fire hydrant, also called fireplug, is a connection point by
which firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a component
of active fire protection.
A fire hydrant is an active fire protection measure, and a source
of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas
with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the
municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire.
Most fire hydrant valves are not designed to the water flow; they are
designed to be operated full-on or full-off.

18. In areas subject to freezing temperatures, only a portion of the hydrant is above
ground. The valve is located below the frost line and connected by a riser to the
above-ground portion. A valve rod extends from the valve up through a seal at the
top of the hydrant, where it can be operated with the proper wrench.
this design is known as a "dry barrel" hydrant,
In warm areas, hydrants are used with one or more valves in the above-ground portion.
Unlike with cold-weather hydrants, it is possible to turn the water supply on and off to each
port. This style is known as a "wet barrel" hydrant.

19. wet riser
A wet riser is a system of pipe work and valves that is permanently kept
with water for the purpose of distributing water within a building for
firefighting purposes.
This built-in system of water distribution in a building means that there
is no need for the firefighters to create another distribution system for
fighting fire in case of a fire outbreak in the building.
Dry risers
dry risers are not permanently charged with water.
firefighters charge the system with water using the fire service pumping
appliances.
A dry riser or a wet riser fire main can be used in buildings whose height
is less than 165 feet high.