This document summarizes a seminar presentation on fire and safety management in buildings. It discusses the necessity of fire safety to protect life and property. It covers various material types used in construction and their fire resistance properties. It describes the four main types of building construction according to fire resistance ratings. The presentation also outlines important preventive measures like fire extinguishers, detectors, and prohibiting combustibles. It concludes by detailing exit criteria for buildings including requirements for staircases, travel distances, signage, and unobstructed routes.

1. K.L.E DR M.S.SHESHGIRI
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BE 8TH SEM
SEMINAR ON
“FIRE AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF BUILDING”
PRESENTED BY : Imtiyaz Topinkatti
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF : Prof. V.D.Gundakalle

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Necessity of Fire and safety
 Material selection
 Types of Construction
 Preventive measures
 Exit criteria for building.

3. INTRODUCTION
 Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the
destruction caused by fire in the Buildings.
 Fire safety measures the prevention of an uncontrolled
fire, and those that are used to limit the development and
effects of a fire after it starts.
 Fire safety measures include those that are planned
during the construction of a building or implemented in
structures that are already standing.

4. NECESSITY OF FIRE SAFETY
 Safety of the life.
 Damage of the property.
 Preservation of heritage.
 For special buildings like Hotels, Residential Building, Educational
Buildings, Institutional building and assembly buildings.
 Continuity of operations.
 For all high rise building.

5. MATERIAL SELECTION
 Concrete :-
 High fire resistance
 Disintegrate to 400-500◦c
 Holes in concrete will expose steel structural member.
 Steel :-
 Does not burn
 May buckle in fire.
 High conductivity spreads heat.

6.  Timber :-
 Combustible.
 Little loss of strength as charcoal formed insulate wood core.
 Spreads flames.
 Masonry :-
 High fire resistance.
 Cracks at 575○c.
 Subjects to high temperature during manufacture.
 Glass :-
 Standard float, toughened and laminated glass panels do not
provide any fire resistance.
 Monolithic fire rated glass is available.

7. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
 The types of construction according to fire resistance are classified into
four categories, namely, Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 and Type 4
construction.
 The fire resistance ratings for various types of construction for
structural and non-structural members should be as given in Table1.
(As per IS 1642:1989, Table 1 & Page no. 2)
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Type 1  Concrete and Steel Structure
Type 2
 Steel or concrete walls, floors and
structural framework.
 Roof covering material is
Type 3
 Masonry bearing wall
 Floors, structural framework and roof
are made of wood
Type 4
 Masonry wall
 Heavy Timber (Column 8” thick and
Girder 6” thick)

9. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS –
Water or Foam based
Powder
Carbon dioxide and
Clean agents (IS 15683:2006, Cl 4 )
 AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS-
Heat Detectors
Smoke detector
Air Sampling Type Detector
Spark/Ember Detector
UV Flame Detector (IS 2189:2008, Cl 5 )

10.  Flammable combustible liquids

11. Electric appliances

12.  Smoking
 House Keeping

13. EXIT CRITERIA FOR BUILDINGS
 An exit may be a doorway, a corridor or passageway to an
internal staircase or external staircase or to a verandah or terrace
which have access to the street, or roof of a building.
 An exit may also include a
horizontal exit leading to an
adjoining building at the same
level.
 Buildings should have a minimum two staircases. They should
be of enclosed type at least one of them should be on external
walls of building or to an open place of safety.

14.  Revolving doors should not be
counted as required exits and
should not be installed.
 Exits should be so located that it will not be necessary to
travel more than 22.5 m from any point to reach the nearest
exit.
 Non-combustible doors of self-
closing type should be provided
at each floor landing.

15.  The route to the fire escape should
be free from obstructions at all
times.
 Exits should be so arranged that they may be reached without passing
through another occupied unit.
 Each exit must be clearly visible
and marked with an “EXIT” sign
and Exit Direction
 Each exit door must be free of
decorations or sign that obscure
the visibility of the door.

16. REFERENCES
 IS 1642 : 1989 FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS (
GENERAL) : DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION CODE OF
PRACTICE
 IS : 1644 - 1888 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR. FIRE SAFETY
OF BUILDINGS ( GENERAL ): EXIT REQUIREMENTS
AND PERSONAL HAZARD
 IS 15683 : 2006 Portable Fire Extinguishers – Performance
and Construction – Specification
 IS 2189 : 2008 Selection, Installation and Maintenance of
Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System – Code of
Practice

17.  http://www.nsc.org/Membership%20Site%20Documen
t%20Library/491.pdf
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYoUWKhKQdI&t
=236s