This document discusses fire fighting techniques and systems. It describes the common causes of fires such as combustible materials, electrical issues, and improper use of flammables. Factors that influence fire spreading include the type of materials, heat transfer rate, wind, and moisture. Both active and passive fire fighting systems are covered. Passive systems include elements built into the structure like emergency exits, compartmentalization of buildings using walls and doors, and fire-resistant construction materials. The purpose is to contain fires and allow occupants to safely escape.

1. FIRE FIGHTING (PART 1)
QUS 3206/MDM NURUL AINI

2. Why is this
happen ??
Did you know: nearly
80% of fire deaths are
due to smoke?
What did you
do if Fire
started ??

3. FIRE ELEMENTS

4. FIRE CAUSES
 Use combustible materials in the building.
 Negligence in the use of electrical
appliances and damaged hardware
 Imperfect electrical wiring
 Negligence on the use of mosquito coils,
gas stove and fuel flammable.

5. FIRE
SPREADING
FACTORS
The surface of
material
Heat transfer
rate
Wind direction
Air moisture

7. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUE
EXCLUDE THE OXYGEN
FUEL SEPARATION
REDUCE THE HEAT
fuel

8. FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEM
ACTIVE PASSIVE

9. PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
 Definition - structural elements of the building
that is capable of performing his duties
without assistance / require assistance to
curb / restrict the spread of smoke into the
building during a fire.
 Types of Passive System :
1- Emergency exit
2- Compartmentation
3- Construction material

10. 1- ESCAPE ROUTE
 Permanent structures that allow occupants to
escape / fire escape to safety on their own
without any help.
 It is important to provide openings so that
smoke is displaced from the escape routes to
the outside air.
LOW RISE BUILDING

11. Horizontal Exit
Vertical Exit
Final Exit / Assembly Point
1- ESCAPE ROUTE (HIGH RISE BUILDING)

12. Horizontal Vertical
Final

13. 2- COMPARTMENTATION
 The division / separation wall and floor in a
building, including roof box for multistoried
buildings / terrace.
 2 methods : Vertical & Horizontal
 Purpose
a- to contain, control, reduce, restrict and delay
fire spreading, smoke and heat during a fire.
b- embankment to firefighters against fire
c- protection to building occupants during
rescue themselves
d- separate the high risk area

14. 2- COMPARTMENTATION (TYPES)
PARTY WALL
FIRE RATED DOOR
FIRE DAMPER

15. CAN YOU TELL WHAT THE STORY OF THIS
PICTURE ?

16. DISCUSSION 1
 Discuss the types of compartmentation that been
used for building by providing this matters :
1- Definition
2- Objective
3- Construction ( sketches is needed)
 Duration : 45 minutes

17. 3- CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
 WOOD - has a low thermal conductivity and
fire delay depends on the type of wood
 BRICK – low thermal conductivity ; almost
reach the level of fire proof
 CONCRETE - expanding at a rapid rate
between 400-500 º C ; it will collapse during
when comes to water
 STONE – good thermal insulation
 GLASS - are more resistant to fire if installed
wire mash
 BUILDING BOARD -fire resistance force
depends on the thickness & installation.

18. OTHER PASSIVE SYSTEMS
FIREMAN SWITCH