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Fire
Fire can be classified into different types based on the materials that are burning. Common causes of fire include electricity, improper storage, unattended cooking, and careless smoking. Portable fire extinguishers are important for containing small fires and act as a first line of defense. They work by removing heat, fuel, or oxygen from a fire. It is important to know how to properly use a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle, and sweeping from side to side. One should always prioritize evacuation during a fire and only attempt to use an extinguisher if safely able to.
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Fire
- 1. Fire What we are going to Learn: What “fire” is. Classifications of fire. Leading fire causes. Fire prevention. Importance of portable fire extinguishers Types of portable fire extinguishers. How to use a portable fire extinguisher. Making the “right” decision. Reporting an emergency.
- 2. What is fireA rapid chemical reaction. The self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel, which produces heat and light .
- 3. Extinguishment Theory RemovingHeat Removing Fuel Reducing Oxygen WILL Inhibit Chemical Chain Reaction
- 4. Types of fireClass A or Ordinary Combustibles This includes fuels such as wood,paper, plastic, rubber, and cloth . Green Triangle
- 5. Class B ClassB or Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases This includes all hydrocarbon and alcohol based liquids and gases that will support combustion. Red Square
- 6. Class CClass C or Electrical This includes all fires involving energized electrical equipment . Blue Circle
- 7. Classification of FireClass D or Combustible Metals Examples of these types of metals are: zirconium, titanium, potassium, and magnesium. D Yellow Star
- 8. Class K isfor fires in unsaturated cooking oils in well insulated cooking appliances in commercial kitchens.
- 9. Some Causes ofFire ? Electricity Improper Storage Housekeeping Space Heaters Cleaning Supplies Construction Flammable Liquids Combustible Liquids Machinery Unattended Cooking Careless smoking Prevention is the best way to fight a fire!
- 10. The importance ofportable fire extinguishers? Your first line of defense!
- 11. Characteristics Water extinguisher 30-40 ft. 60 sec. Dry chemical 5-20 ft. 8-25 sec. CO2 extinguisher 3-8 ft. 8-30 sec.
- 12. Portable Fire ExtinguisherTraining
- 13. Emergency Procedures Ifthere is a fire in your building, please proceed to the nearest exit and leave in an orderly manner. Remain outside until you are given the all clear by the fire or police department.
- 14. “ Quick-Check” IsIt Ready To Use ? Check the gauge. The pressure indicator should be in the green zone. (CO2 extinguishers do not have pressure gauges.) The extinguisher should have a current inspection tag. The pin and handle should be secured with a plastic tab seal. 4. The extinguisher and hose should be free of any visible damage.
- 15. Portable Fire ExtinguisherTraining Making That “Right” Decision To use a Portable Fire Extinguisher You are trained in the use of extinguishers. You know what is burning. Fire is not spreading rapidly. Smoke and heat has not filled the area. You have a clear path of escape. Follow your instincts.
- 16. The P.A.S.S. Method Pull the pin. Aim the hose or nozzle. Squeeze the lever. Sweep the agent.
- 17. Portable Fire ExtinguisherTraining Call the UGA Police @ 542-2200 or, Dial 911. On-campus you must dial 9-911 It is not recommended you stay in the building to call. Call from a nearby building or a cell phone. Give as much information as possible to the emergency dispatcher. Reporting an Emergency
- 18. Environmental Concerns Inyour building, know the location of: 1. The nearest exit. 2. A secondary route of escape. 3. The location of fire extinguishers. 4. The location of fire alarm pull stations.
- 19. Portable Fire ExtinguisherTraining You are not expected to be firefighters ! Do not take unnecessary risks!
- 20. Thank You ForYour Time! Any Questions? Contact the UGA Fire Safety Program at: 706-369-5706
Editor's Notes
- #2 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Take a minute or two to identify some personal reasons for your interest in Fire Extinguisher Training. We also have identified things we feel are important points for you to learn from this presentation. We would like you to understand what fire is, how to classify it, how to prevent it from happening, and the importance of portable fire extinguishers.
- #3 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Most people are familiar with fire, but may not know how it actually works. When rapid oxidation reduces a molecularly complex material, or fuel, to a more stable state, it is commonly referred to as “fire”, or combustion. What is commonly observed as a result is light, heat, smoke, and ashes (or soot)--all by-products of combustion. An apple rotting or a nail rusting is SLOW oxidation of a fuel. A candle burning is controlled and MODERATE oxidation of a fuel. Fire is a result of RAPID and uncontrolled oxidation of a fuel. An explosion is ULTRA-RAPID oxidation of a fuel.
- #4 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu A unique combination of fuel, heat, and oxygen--in the proper proportions--together with an uninhibited chemical chain reaction, produces fire. Removing at least one of the four elements of fire stops the combustion process. Water is most commonly used for temperature reduction . Separating the logs and spreading the coals of a campfire,or shutting off a gas supply valve are examples of fuel removal . Placing a lid on flaming grease in a frying pan, or flooding a compartment with carbon dioxide are examples of oxygen exclusion . Multi-purpose dry chemical and halongenated extinguishing agents work by interrupting the chemical chain reaction that supports combustion. Keeping the elements of fire separated is FIRE PREVENTION.
- #5 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu There are now five classifications of fire, which are based on the type of fuel involved. It is very important to use the proper type of extinguisher on a particular class of fire. A GREEN TRIANGLE with a capital “A” and a pictogram with a flaming trash can and wood pile are commonly used to symbolize Class “A” fires.
- #6 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu A RED SQUARE with a capital “B” and a pictogram with a fuel can and fire are commonly used to symbolize Class “B” fires.
- #7 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu A BLUE CIRCLE with a capital “C” and a pictogram with an electrical cord and plug and a flaming receptacle are commonly used to symbolize Class “C” fires. When the fuel source is de-energized, it can then be classified as “A”, “B”, or “D”.
- #8 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu A YELLOW STAR with a capital “D” (no pictogram) is commonly used to symbolize Class “D” fires. Within this fire classification, the extinguishing agent may vary, and it must be compatible with the anticipated use.
- #9 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Class “K” has no related symbol as yet, but it can be identified by a pictogram of a flame in a frying pan. These extinguishers utilize a “misting wand” to deliver the extinguishing agent in a fine mist onto the surface of the hot cooking oil.
- #10 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Can you identify any fire hazards in your work area? Improper use of electrical equipment is the leading cause of fires in the workplace. Unattended cooking material and improper microwave cooking are leading fire causes in most university resident halls. The improper storage of materials can compound individual fire causes, potentially making a small fire emergency much worse. Fire prevention starts with good housekeeping practices that keep the fuel, oxidizers, and heat separated !
- #11 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Portable fire extinguishers are placed in the workplace primarily for life safety, and secondarily for the protection of property. They should be used to facilitate and ensure a safe evacuation. If it can be accomplished safely, they can also be used to stop a small fire before it grows into something larger.
- #12 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu In most cases, you will encounter one of the three most common types of extinguishing agents. The type of agent will have an impact on how you attack the fire in terms of distance and discharge time. Begin your attack as close to the fire as is safely possible and continue to discharge the extinguishing agent until the PFE is empty and the fire is out. If your extinguisher contains WATER you can begin your attack from 30-40 feet away and expect your extinguisher to discharge for about 60 seconds. A DRY CHEMICAL agent can be applied from a distance of 5-20 feet but discharge time is 8-25 seconds. CO2 is applied from a 3-8 foot distance and will discharge for 8-30 seconds.
- #13 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Welcome to the University of Georgia’s Fire Extinguisher training presentation !
- #14 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu If there is a fire or other emergency during this presentation, please exit calmly through the nearest fire exit. Remember to use the stairs if necessary, and do not use the elevator. If your building has an alarm system, activate it on your way out, close doors behind you, let others know that there is an emergency, and report to the designated assembly area and await the “all clear” signal.
- #15 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Determining if the Fire Extinguisher is ready to use is done on a monthly basis and only takes a few minutes. Check to see if the PFE is in its designated place with no obstructions and with its label facing outward. Are the seals in place and does it feel full when lifted? Look for obvious physical damage and to be sure the gauge or indicator is in the operable position. An extinguisher that fails this check needs to be serviced or replaced, so it is ready for use if needed.
- #16 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Your decision to Fight or Leave is an important one. Only stay to FIGHT if: you are trained to use PFE; you know what is burning and the fire is not spreading rapidly; you don't need personal protective equipment; the area is not smoky or hot; and you have a clear path of escape. Follow your instincts--if you feel you can successfully extinguish the fire, because the above conditions are met, then fight the fire. Otherwise, FLEE!
- #17 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Knowing how to use the Fire Extinguisher is a critical step in knowing whether to fight or leave. P.A.S.S. is the method for PFE use. This series of letters gives quick operating instructions for the widely available types of extinguishers. To use the PFE: 1. PULL the pin that keeps the extinguisher from accidentally discharging. 2. AIM the hose or nozzle at the base of the fire so the agent is discharged onto the burning fuel. 3. SQUEEZE the operating lever which is positioned as part of the "handle". 4. SWEEP the hose or nozzle back and forth, so the agent is spread over all of the fuel. Continue to discharge the agent until the the extinguisher is empty and the fire is out.
- #18 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Use of a Fire Extinguisher does not replace the response by the fire department! Help others and activate the alarm on the way out. Report the emergency from a phone in a building away from the fire. Dialing 911 is a direct link to emergency help. Be prepared to give your name, location and call back phone number. You may be asked to describe the emergency, the current conditions and any special hazards or needs involved. Know the location of the emergency when you call. Don't hang up unless told to do so or your surroundings become dangerous.
- #19 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu There are, of course, a few other things that may lead to a hasty exit! Please make yourself comfortable as you train to make yourself safer.
- #20 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu Only certain employees are REQUIRED to use fire extinguishers. But it’s good to have the knowledge in case! You are NOT expected to use PFE unless you are designated as part of an emergency plan, are a lab or research worker, or are designated because of your involvement in construction and maintenance. EMPLOYEES ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE FIREFIGHTERS!
- #21 Portable Fire Extinguisher Safety 08/31/10 On the Web at www.ehss.vt.edu