This document provides an overview of a fire alarm system. It discusses the components of a fire alarm system including detectors like smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual call points. It also discusses the inputs to the fire alarm system from these detectors and the outputs from the fire alarm system including hooters, LED flashers, public address systems, and door releases. It provides details on the different types of detectors and the functions of the fire alarm indicator panel.

1. Presented by Ashwita

2. 1.What is Fire Alarm System
 A Fire Alarm System has a number of devices working
together to detect and warn people through visual and audio
appliances when Smoke fire, carbon monoxide or
other emergencies are present.
 Alarms may be activated automatically from Smoke
Detector and Heat detector or may also be activated
via Manual alarm activation devices such as manual call
points or pull stations.

3. AG
E
N
DA
1.What is Fire alarm system
2. What is purpose of Fire alarm system.
3. FAS system block diagram
4. Fire alarm pane in detail
5. Types of Detector
6. Input of Fire alarm system
7. Output of Fire Alarm system
8. FAS Indicator Panel
9. FAS Panel key indetail

4. 2.What is purpose of the Fire Alarm
System
DETECT
ALERT
EVACULATE
LIFE SAFETY

5. 3.FAS SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIRE ALARM
PANEL SYSTEM
DETECTOR
HOOTERMCP
PA
SYSTEM
Fig. Block diagram FAS Panel

6. Fire Alarm system Diagram
Fire alarm panel
Led flasher
PA System
Door release
Hooter

7. 4.FIRE ALARM PANEL
INPUT OUTPUT
 SMOKE DETECTOR
 HEAT DETECTOR
 EMERGENCY BREAK GLASS
 HOOTER
 PA SYSTEM
 LED FLASHER
 ALARM
 DOOR RELEASE

8. DETECTOR
SMOKE
DETECTOR
FLAME
DETECTOR
HEAT
DETECTOR
IONISATION
DETECTOR
PHOTOELECTRIC
DETECTOR
FIXED
TEMPERATURE
RATE –
OF-RISE
(ROR)
5.TYPES OF DETECTOR:

9. 6.INPUT OF
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

10. 1.Smoke detector
 A Smoke Detector is a device that senses smoke,
typically as an indicator of fire.
 Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire
alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system,.
 while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke
alarms.
 Smoke can be detected either optically (photoelectric)
or by physical process (ionization); detectors may use
either, or both, methods.
 alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking
in areas where it is banned.

11. 1.PHOtoELECTRIC SMOKE detector
 A photoelectric smoke detector is characterized by its
use of light to detect fire.
 Inside the alarm, there’s a light-sensing chamber. In
this chamber, an LED light shoots a beam of light in a
straight light across the chamber.
 The alarm detects smoke; when smoke enters the
chamber, it deflects the LED light from the straight
path into a photo sensor in a different compartment in
the same chamber.
 As soon as light beams hit this sensor, the alarm begins
to sound.

12. how to Work PHOTOELECTRIC Smoke detector

13. 2.IONISATIONSMOKE detector
 Ionization smoke alarms are the most common type of
smoke alarm and are quicker at sensing flaming, fast
moving fires.
 This type of alarm uses a small amount of radioactive
material to ionize air in an internal sensing chamber.
 As a result, the air in the chamber becomes conductive
permitting current to flow between two charged
electrodes.
 When smoke particles enter the chamber, the
conductivity of the chamber air will decrease. When
this reduction in conductivity is reduced to a
predetermined level, the alarm is set off.

14. HOW TO WORK IONISATION SMOKE
DETECTOR

15. INSIDE IONISATION SMOKE DETECTOR

16. 1.FixedTemperature Heat Detectors
 These types of heat detectors are the most commonly
used.
 Fixed temperature heat detectors work when the
element that is sensitive to heat reaches the point
where a solid changes to liquid.
 This causes the temperature of the device to reach its
operating temperature a while after the surrounding
air temperature exceeds the device temperature. When
this happens, the detector is activated and an alarm is
sounded.

17. 1.Heat detector
 A Heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to
respond when the convected thermal energy of a fire
increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element.
 The thermal mass and conductivity of the element
regulate the rate flow of heat into the element.
 All heat detectors have this thermal lag.
 The heat detector is used to help in the reduction of
damaged property.
 It is triggered when temperature increases.
 Heat detector is used to help in the reduction of
damaged property.

18. 1.FixedTemperature Heat Detectors
 These types of heat detectors are the most commonly
used.
 Fixed temperature heat detectors work when the
element that is sensitive to heat reaches the point
where a solid changes to liquid.
 This causes the temperature of the device to reach its
operating temperature a while after the surrounding
air temperature exceeds the device temperature. When
this happens, the detector is activated and an alarm is
sounded.

19. 2.RATE –OF-RISE OR (ROR) HEAT DETECTOR
 ROR heat detectors work on the rapid increase in the
element temperature of around 12°F – 15°F per minute
 This rise in temperature does not depend on the initial
temperature.
 ROR heat detectors work on the principle of
thermistors or thermocouples.
 The ROR detector has two thermocouples that are
sensitive to heat. One of the thermocouples monitors
heat that is transferred by radiation or convection. The
other thermistor responds to the ambient
temperature.

20. 2.RATE –OF-RISE OR (ROR) HEAT DETECTOR
 ROR heat detectors may not respond to slowly
developing fires .
 The heat detector is activated when the temperature of
the first thermocouple increases relative to the second
one.
 In order to detect slowly developing fires, usually a
fixed temperature element is added to the ROR
detector which will be activated when the element
reaches the pre-set threshold temperature.

21. 2.EMERGENCY BREAK GLASS
 A person must be able to open a fire escape door in the
event of an emergency.
 This is normally through a handle which directly
opens the lock
 In buildings such as theatres where there are large
numbers of occupants, the usual method is by using a
crash bar which mechanically pulls open the locking
bolts.
 It is used to alert security of an Emergency Situation.

22. 3.MANUAL CALL POINT
 A MANUAL CALL POINT is a device which enables
personnel to raise an alarm in the event of a fire incident
by pressing a frangible element to activate the alarm
system.
 They are usually connected to a central fire alarm panel
which is in turn connected to an alarm system in the
building, and often to a local fire brigade dispatcher.
 manual call point are used to initiate an alarm signal, and
operate by means of a simple button press or when glass is
broken revealing a button.
 Manual alarm call points are designed for the purpose of
raising an alarm manually once verification of a fire or
emergency condition exists, by operating the push button
or break glass the alarm signal can be raised.

23. 7.OUTPUT OF
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

24. 1.LED FLASHER
 Flashing red light on a Smoke detector.
 This depends on the brand and model of your detector.
 If it has only a red led, this will flash slowly, about once
every 10 to indicate it is on.
 Generally a fast blink, around every 3 to 5 seconds,
indicates that it has a maintenance issue, it’s dirty or
out of sensitivity tolerance.
 Consult the instructions if there is a fast blink.
 When the red led is on steady, it is in an alarm
condition.
 If it has a green led and a red led, all bets are off,
consult the instructions for that model.

25. 2.hooter
 Hooter are used in fire alarm system to alert people in
case of fire.
 It is usually fully solid state with an audio output that
is high enough for it to be heard at a distance that is
not less than 50m.
 The hooter generally have a facility to adjust the
output volume based on requirements of sides
requirement of the side value.
 Hooter are typically connected to detector loop.
 In FAS that use Emergency Voice Alarm
Communication System(EVACS) to give voice message
either manual or recorded.

26. 3.EMERgency DOOR RELEASE
 A range of emergency door releases (EDR’s) to
provide a physical method of unlocking an
electronic lock in the event of an emergency.
 These units are normally electrically connected in
line (series) with “fail safe” locks, to remove power
to the lock when the unit is activated.
 It is strongly recommended that the local fire
regulations are understood, and any products
fitted tofire escape doors must comply with the
local fire officers regulations.

27. 4 .PA SYSTEM
 A public address system can only be used for fire alarm
emergency voice notification, under certain
circumstances
 A public address system (PA system) is an
electronic system .
 It comprising microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers,
and related equipment.
 It increases the apparent volume(loudness) of a
human voice, musical instrument, or other acoustic
sound source or recorded sound or music.

28. 8.FAS
INDICATOR
PANEL

29. 9.FAS INDICATOR PANEL
 RESET
 ALARM SILENSE
 PANEL SILENSE
 DRILL
 ALARM
 SUPERVISORY
 TROUBLE
 MONITOR/MAPPING

30. RESET
 RESET Function is used to cleared of any alarm conditions
in FAS panel.
 After the system is reset, such as a Smoke
detector continuing to sense smoke .
 A manual pull station still in an activated position,
another alarm will be initiated, or in some cases, the
panel.

31. ALARM SILENSE
 IT is used to silence the system.
 Also known as “Signal silence" or "audible silence".
 Depending on the configuration of the alarm system,
this function will either silence the system's
notification appliances completely or will silence only
the audible alarm, while strobe lights continue to
flash.

32. PANEL SILENSE
 Panel Silence indicator is used in conjunction with the
"Alarm" indicator. & silence the Panel
 A new alarm initiation while the alarm is silenced will
take the panel out of Audible Silence and reactivate
the notification appliances.
 Usually the alarm panel's sounder will activate if a
trouble condition exists.

33. DRILL
 Also known as "Manual Evacuation" or "Evacuate".
 Drill" indicator shows that the alarm condition was
activated from the fire alarm panel,often in order to
conduct a fire drill.
 When an alarm is initiated for a drill, the fire
department or monitoring company is usually not
notified automatically.

34. ALARM
 Also known as "Fire" or "General Alarm".
 This indicator is lit when an alarm condition exists in
the system, initiated by Smoke Detector, Heat
Detector, sprinkler flow switches, Manual Pull
stations, manual call points, or otherwise.
 In an alarm condition, the fire alarm panel indicates
where the alarm originated.
 The alarm panel can be reset once the device which
initiated the alarm is reset, such as returning the
handle of a manual pull station to its normal position.

35. SUPERVISORY
 This signal indicates that a portion of the building's
fire protection system has been disabled .
 Such as a fire sprinkler control valve being closed and,
consequently, a sprinkler tamper switch being
activated), or, less frequently, that a lower priority
initiating device has been triggered (such as a duct
smoke detector).

36. TROUBLE
 Also known as "Fault" or "Defect".
 Trouble conditions are often activated by a
contaminated smoke detector or an electrical problem
within the system.
 Trouble conditions are also activated by a zone being
disabled (disconnected from the system), a circuit
being disabled, low power on the backup battery, the
disabling of a notification appliance, the ground faults,
or short or open circuits.
 "Trouble" indicator goes out automatically when the
situation causing the trouble condition is rectified.

37. MONITOR/MAPPING
 Also known as "cause and effect" or "programming“.
 Mapping is the process of activating outputs
depending on which inputs have been activated.
 Traditionally, when an input device is activated, a
certain output device (or relay) is activated.
 As time has progressed, more and more advanced
techniques have become available, often with large
variations in style between different companies.