This presentation includes definition, causes, types of fire extinguishers, types of fire component system, NBC regulations, types of sprinklers, fire escapes , Building Planning Consideration for fire prevention, how to escape the fire, capacity of exits, occupants per unit exit width, travel distance, and calculations.
This presentation deals with the capacity of Fire Escapes, no. of fire escapes required in a building and the different Fire Escape system along with their functionality...
It has become more apparent over the years how important it is to have adequate fire protection in every building. For most people (Non-technical), what comes to mind when they think of fire protection are Sprinkler system, smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. However, these two elements only cover a small portion of the protection services you should have at all times. There are in fact two types of fire protection: Active Fire Protection (AFP) and Passive Fire Protection (PFP). One type of protection must not be chosen over the other. On the contrary, both AFP and PFP must be used together for full fire protection. It is important to understand the difference between AFP and PFP so that you are confident that your building is protected by both types.
This presentation includes definition, causes, types of fire extinguishers, types of fire component system, NBC regulations, types of sprinklers, fire escapes , Building Planning Consideration for fire prevention, how to escape the fire, capacity of exits, occupants per unit exit width, travel distance, and calculations.
This presentation deals with the capacity of Fire Escapes, no. of fire escapes required in a building and the different Fire Escape system along with their functionality...
It has become more apparent over the years how important it is to have adequate fire protection in every building. For most people (Non-technical), what comes to mind when they think of fire protection are Sprinkler system, smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. However, these two elements only cover a small portion of the protection services you should have at all times. There are in fact two types of fire protection: Active Fire Protection (AFP) and Passive Fire Protection (PFP). One type of protection must not be chosen over the other. On the contrary, both AFP and PFP must be used together for full fire protection. It is important to understand the difference between AFP and PFP so that you are confident that your building is protected by both types.
Basics of earthquake & structural and non structural guidelines for building ...Bhasker Vijaykumar Bhatt
The presentation covers the scenario post a hazard of Earthquake turned into a disaster. Further, it includes the basic terminology, dynamics of EQ event, and suggests remedial practices for structural and non-structural elements of a building. Purpose the compilation is to sensitize learners.
A presentation that explains the various systems and techniques of employing steel and concrete to support long span structures. The range varies from conventional beams, to trusses and portal frames.
Provision for fire protection in high rise buildingsAarti Rani
Protection against fire, building code as described in NBC. For designers and architects, looking for all the measures that should be taken while designing a high rise apartment according to National Building code of india.
A Beginner's Guide to Components of Passive Fire ProtectionMatthew Barnett
Unfamiliar to the concept of passive fire protection? Check out this detailed guide on the important components of passive fire protection by CA Drillers.
Basics of earthquake & structural and non structural guidelines for building ...Bhasker Vijaykumar Bhatt
The presentation covers the scenario post a hazard of Earthquake turned into a disaster. Further, it includes the basic terminology, dynamics of EQ event, and suggests remedial practices for structural and non-structural elements of a building. Purpose the compilation is to sensitize learners.
A presentation that explains the various systems and techniques of employing steel and concrete to support long span structures. The range varies from conventional beams, to trusses and portal frames.
Provision for fire protection in high rise buildingsAarti Rani
Protection against fire, building code as described in NBC. For designers and architects, looking for all the measures that should be taken while designing a high rise apartment according to National Building code of india.
A Beginner's Guide to Components of Passive Fire ProtectionMatthew Barnett
Unfamiliar to the concept of passive fire protection? Check out this detailed guide on the important components of passive fire protection by CA Drillers.
Passive fireproofing contains structure fires before the flames can spread. Spray-on intumescents, a type of passive fireproofing, coats roofs, floors, beams and columns. An application of fireproof spray prevents structural collapse by extending the time a building can stand during the heat of a fire.
Read more: http://www.sprayonfoam.com/passive-fireproofing#ixzz4DfQiVJH5
When specified correctly fire protection materials
preserve property and can save lives. With so many
products available and so much at stake, gaining
expert advice on choosing the right products is vital
This presentation demonstrates how the fire performance requirements in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) for Class 1a, Class 2, 3 & 9c as well as Class 5,6 9a & 9b buildings can be met. In this context, the presentation provides verified construction details that utilise the BCA's deemed-to-satisfy provisions.
energy conservative and efficient technologies in industriesKamran Hassan
Variable Frequency Drive
Energy Efficient Motor
Thermo Compressor
Biogas Plant
Diffuser
Cogeneration
Use Of Boiler’s Flue Gases/Exhaust In Economizer
HP Boiler
Fire detectors - Aspiratory smoke detectorKamran Hassan
Aspirated smoke detection (ASD) is a method of smoke detection where the air from the protected area is actively drawn through a network of air sampling pipes, passed through a central detection unit and sampled for the presence of smoke.
Basic requirement for fire suppression piping - ECARO-25Kamran Hassan
Design requirements of fire suppression system like tee factor, concentration at different temperature, min pressure, nozzle design and min flow rate for fire extinguishing agent
Fire alarm , detection and suppression systemKamran Hassan
fire detection and suppression system. Types of fire and different fire extinguishing material and agents like FM200, NOVEC and ECARO, water, foam and dry agents
COMMON PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN DATA CENTRESKamran Hassan
in this paper common problems and challenges of data center have been identified and methods have been explained to improve the efficiency and reliability of data center
it explains
Temperature Classes
Causes of High Temperature
Cooling Symbol
ONAN (oil natural air natural).
ONWF (oil natural water forced).
ONAF (oil natural air forced).
OFAN (oil forced air natural).
OFWF (oil forced water forced).
• Directed cooling or zig-zag cooling
• Non directed cooling or axial cooling
• Fully directed cooling or pumped cooling
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Passive fire measures vs active fire measues
1.
2. Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is an integral component of the three components
of structural fire protection and fire safety in a building.
PFP includes compartmentalization of the overall building through the use
of fire-resistance rated walls and floors. Organization into smaller fire
compartments, consisting of one or more rooms or floors, prevents or slows the
spread of fire from the room of fire origin to other building spaces, limiting
building damage and providing more time to the building occupants
for emergency evacuation or to reach an area of refuge.
Fire prevention includes minimizing ignition sources, as well as educating the
occupants and operators of the facility, ship or structure concerning operation
and maintenance of fire-related systems for correct function, and emergency
procedures including notification for fire service response and emergency
evacuation.
3. The aim for PFP systems is typically demonstrated in fire testing the ability to
maintain the item or the side to be protected at or below either 140 °C (for walls,
floors and electrical circuits required to have a fire-resistance rating) or ca. 550
°C, which is considered the critical temperature for structural steel, above which
it is in danger of losing its strength, leading to collapse.
PFP measures are intended to contain a fire in the fire compartment of origin,
thus limiting the spread of fire and smoke for a limited period of time.
PPF measures such as fire stops, fire walls and fire doors are tested to
determine the fire resistance rating of the final assembly usually expressed in
terms of hours of fire resistance (e.g., ⅓, ¾, 1, 1½, 2, 3, 4 hour)etc.
PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through use of fire resistant
walls, floors, and doors (amongst other examples).
4. As the name suggests Passive Fire Protection (PFP) remains inactive in the
coating system until a fire occurs.
There are mainly two types of PFP: Intumescent fire protection and
vermiculite fire protection.
Ser. Intumescent fire protection Vermiculite fire protection
1 It is a layer of paint which is applied along with the
coating system on the structural steel members.
The thickness of this intumescent coating is
dependent on the steel section used.
Structural steel members are covered with
vermiculite materials, mostly a very thick layer. This
is a cheaper option as compared to an intumescent
one, but is very crude and aesthetically unpleasant.
2 Intumescent coatings are applied as an
intermediate coat in a coating system (primer,
intermediate, and top/finish coat). Because of the
relatively low thickness of this intumescent coating
(usually in the 350- to 700-micrometer range), nice
finish and anti-corrosive nature. Intumescent
coatings are preferred on the basis of aesthetics
If the environment is corrosive in nature, then the
vermiculite option is not advisable, as there is the
possibility of water seeping into it (because of the
porous nature of vermiculite), and there it is difficult
to monitor for corrosion.
5. It should be noted that in the possibility of a fire, the steel structure will
eventually collapse once the steel attains the critical core temperature
(around 550 degrees Celsius or 850 degrees Fahrenheit).
PFP system will only delay this by creating a layer of char between the steel
and fire. Depending upon the requirement, PFP systems can provide fire
ratings in excess of 120 minutes. PFP systems are highly recommended in
infrastructure projects as they can save lives and property.
Such protection is either provided by the materials from which the building
is constructed, or is added to the construction materials to enhance their fire
resistance. It is vital that these protection measures are correctly designed,
specified and installed if the building is to behave as expected should fire
break out.
6. PFP is vital to the stability and integrity of a building or structure in case of
fire. These are designed to restrict the growth and spread of fire allowing
the occupants to escape or the fire fighters to do their job.
By their nature they are ‘passive’ until there is a fire and only then will their
fire performance be demonstrated. The occupants of a building will attend
to their daily business, visitors will shop, be entertained, or enjoy recreation
without any knowledge of the PFP measures that will protect them in fire.
However, it is essential that these measure will work if an emergency
occurs.
7. PFP includes:
Cavity barriers
Ceiling systems
Compartment walls
Fire doors and furniture (e.g. self-closing devices, latches etc.)
Fire fighting shafts and stairwells
Fire-resisting air transfer grilles (mechanical or intumescent)
Fire-resisting dampers (mechanical or intumescent) used in horizontal or
vertical air distribution ducts
Fire-resisting ductwork
Fire-resisting glazing
Fire-resisting service ducts and shafts
8. Fire-resisting walls and partitions
Hinged or pivoted fire door sets (timber or steel)
Industrial fire shutters (rolling or folding)
Linear gap seals
Penetration seals for pipes, cables and other services
Structural frame fire protection
Suspended ceilings
Membrane ceilings (horizontal partitions)
The building envelope, e.g. fire-resisting external walls, curtain walls etc.
Other elements of the building may also have a role in PFP.
9. Air transfer grille: A device which allows the passage of ventilation air in
normal conditions through a fire door, wall or partition but closes automatically
to prevent the passage of fire in a fire condition for stipulated time period.
Automatic fire and smoke damper: A device which allows the passage of
ventilation air in normal conditions through a duct, fire wall or partition but closes
automatically to prevent the passage of smoke and fire in a fire condition for a
stipulated period of time. Response to smoke is typically achieved by linking to
the automatic fire detection system.
Building hardware: Fittings designed for incorporation in a fire-resisting door
set and which contribute to ensure that the fire-resisting door (when closed)
resists the passage of fire and/or gaseous products of combustion. Such fittings
include hinges, pivots, door closing devices, latches, locks, and door furniture
(lever handles, knobs).
10. Cavity barrier: A construction provided to close a concealed space against
the penetration of smoke and flame or to restrict the movement of smoke or
flame within such a space for a stipulated time period.
Combustibility: This assesses whether a material will burn and add to a
fire when subjected to an existing fire. Spread of flame this assesses
whether the fire will spread over the surface of the material (especially wall
linings).
Compartment(fire): A building or part of a building, comprising one or more
rooms, spaces or floors constructed to prevent the spread of fire to or from
another part of the same building, or an adjoining building. The basis is to
provide adequate means of escape, and to provide fire separation for
adjoining buildings.
11. Fire door(assembly): A door or shutter provided for the passage of
persons, air or objects which together with its frame and furniture as
installed in a building is intended when closed, to resist the passage of fire
and/or gaseous products of combustion and is capable of meeting
specified performance criteria to those ends.
Fire-resisting door set: A complete installed door assembly comprising
door frame, door leaves, building hardware, seals and any glazing that,
when closed, is intended to resist the passage of fire and smoke in
accordance with specified performance criteria.
Fire-resisting glazed screen: Glazed structure or window incorporating
fire-resisting glass and designed to resist the spread of fire and the
gaseous products of combustion for a stipulated period of time.
12. Fire-resisting glass: A glass that demonstrates its ability to meet the
defined heating and pressure conditions specified in Fire resistance Test (or
any other National or International fire resistance test method). Typically,
the glass will be clear, textured, toughened, laminated or wired and may
incorporate special features such as coatings or laminations that enable the
glass to achieve a particular fire performance in terms of integrity and
insulation.
Fire-resisting ductwork: Ventilation or extraction ductwork designed to
contain fire and the products of combustion in a manner that does not allow
passage to other parts of the building from the compartment of origin for a
stipulated time period.
13. Fire-resisting partition: An internal non load bearing vertical dividing
structure designed to resist the spread of fire, heat, and the products of
combustion for a stipulated period of time. Such a partition can include a
glazed section or a fire door.
Fire-resisting suspended ceiling: A suspended ceiling designed to
contribute to the overall fire resistance of a floor assembly or to prevent the
collapse of steel beams supporting a floor or roof, for a stipulated period of
time. It may also provide fire resistance as a membrane in the same way as
a partition.
14. Fire-stopping: Sealing products that take up imperfections of fit or design
tolerance between the fire resisting fixed elements of a building to restrict
the passage of fire and smoke. They continue to take up the imperfections
of fit at all times and have the same fire rating as the fixed elements of
which they form a part. In reaction to a fire condition they swell, spread or
deform to achieve their performance.
Fire-resisting luminaire: Lighting structure or fitting for suspended ceilings
designed to resist the spread of fire and the products of combustion for a
stipulated period of time. It is required to be tested for integrity when fitted
to an individual manufacturer’s suspended ceiling.
.