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Fibers to fabric
1
Dr. Madhava B Mallia
Navi Mumbai Science Foundation
Guidance session for Homi Bhabha Bal Vaidnyanik
Competition
Story of fiber
2
Cotton fabric Cotton fabric under microscope
Single yarn of cotton under
microscope
Single fiber of cotton under
microscope
3
Single fiber of cotton fabric under microscope
C6H12O6
Glucose
Polymer
Many part
Monomer
Source of fibers
4
Natural fibers Synthetic fibers
Plant fibers Animal fibers
cotton Jute
coir
Wool
Silk
Cotton facts
• Cotton obtained from cotton plant
• Black soil and warm climate is best for
growing cotton
• Separation of cotton seeds from cotton
fibers is called ginning
• Ginning can be done by hand or by
machine
5
Jute facts
• Jute is obtained from the stem of jute
plant
• Jute plant is harvested when it is in
flowering stage
• Stems of jute plant immersed in water,
where they rot, and then fibers are
separated by hand
• West Bengal, Bihar and Assam are the
jute producing states of India
6
Wool facts
• Obtained from fleece (hair) of sheep, goat, yak, camel, etc.
7
Sheep Yak Goat
Camel Angora Goat
J & K
Pashmina shawls
Llama
South America
Alpaca
Obtaining wool
• Shearing
– Removal of fleece (hair) from the animal
• Scouring
– Cleaning of fleece
• Sorting
– Separation of different type of hairs
• Dying
– Application of coloring the fibers
• Converting to yarn (wool)
8
Silk facts
• Rearing of silk worms is called Sericulture
9
Silk larva loves mulberry leaves!!
Obtaining silk
10
Boiling cocoon to obtain silk fibers
Fiber to yarn
• Spinning
– The process of converting fiber to yarn
11
Takli
Spinning with Takli Spinning with Charkha Industrial spinning machines
Yarn to fabric
• Weaving
– The process of converting yarn to fabric
• Loom
– The machine used for weaving
12
Handloom Industrial loom
Knitting
• Knitting
– When a fabric is woven from a single yarn
13

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Fibers to fabric: For class 6

  • 1. Fibers to fabric 1 Dr. Madhava B Mallia Navi Mumbai Science Foundation Guidance session for Homi Bhabha Bal Vaidnyanik Competition
  • 2. Story of fiber 2 Cotton fabric Cotton fabric under microscope Single yarn of cotton under microscope Single fiber of cotton under microscope
  • 3. 3 Single fiber of cotton fabric under microscope C6H12O6 Glucose Polymer Many part Monomer
  • 4. Source of fibers 4 Natural fibers Synthetic fibers Plant fibers Animal fibers cotton Jute coir Wool Silk
  • 5. Cotton facts • Cotton obtained from cotton plant • Black soil and warm climate is best for growing cotton • Separation of cotton seeds from cotton fibers is called ginning • Ginning can be done by hand or by machine 5
  • 6. Jute facts • Jute is obtained from the stem of jute plant • Jute plant is harvested when it is in flowering stage • Stems of jute plant immersed in water, where they rot, and then fibers are separated by hand • West Bengal, Bihar and Assam are the jute producing states of India 6
  • 7. Wool facts • Obtained from fleece (hair) of sheep, goat, yak, camel, etc. 7 Sheep Yak Goat Camel Angora Goat J & K Pashmina shawls Llama South America Alpaca
  • 8. Obtaining wool • Shearing – Removal of fleece (hair) from the animal • Scouring – Cleaning of fleece • Sorting – Separation of different type of hairs • Dying – Application of coloring the fibers • Converting to yarn (wool) 8
  • 9. Silk facts • Rearing of silk worms is called Sericulture 9 Silk larva loves mulberry leaves!!
  • 10. Obtaining silk 10 Boiling cocoon to obtain silk fibers
  • 11. Fiber to yarn • Spinning – The process of converting fiber to yarn 11 Takli Spinning with Takli Spinning with Charkha Industrial spinning machines
  • 12. Yarn to fabric • Weaving – The process of converting yarn to fabric • Loom – The machine used for weaving 12 Handloom Industrial loom
  • 13. Knitting • Knitting – When a fabric is woven from a single yarn 13