The document discusses fibres and fabrics. It defines fibres as thin, flexible strands that are spun into yarn and used to make fabrics. There are two types of fibres - natural fibres obtained from plants and animals like cotton, jute, silk and wool, and synthetic fibres created by humans using chemicals like acrylic and polyester. The life cycle of silkworms and process of obtaining silk is described. Different plant fibres, cotton processing including ginning, spinning and weaving, and types of fabrics are also outlined.

1. Fibre to fabric

2. What are Fibres and Fabrics?
Fibres are the materials, which are available in the form of thin, continuous
and flexible strands spun into yarn and made into fabrics.
Fabrics are defined as a cloth material made by knitting or weaving or of
threads together.
To know more about Fibres and Fabrics, visit the links below;
Fiber to Fabric
Fibre

3. Types of Fibre
There are two types of fibres classified according to their origin.
Natural fibres: These fibres are naturally obtained from plants and animals.
Cotton and jute are fibre obtained from plants. Silk and wool are fibre
obtained from animals.
Synthetic fibre: These fibres are artificially synthesized by humans within
the industry by the application of simple chemicals. Examples: Acrylic,
polyester, nylon, rayon, acetate, are a few examples of Synthetic fibre.

4. Animal Fibres
Silk and wool are fibre obtained from animals.
Wool fibres come from sheep, camel, goat, and yak. The process involved
in making animal fibres into wool follows a series of steps — Shearing,
Scouring, Sorting, Cleaning, Dyeing, Straightening, Rolling and Combing.
Silk fibres are obtained from the silkworm and the process of obtaining silk
from the silkworm is called sericulture. The silk thread or the yarn is
obtained from the silk moth’s cocoon.

5. The life cycle of a silkworm begins from the:
Stage 1- After mating, female silk moth lays around 200 – 300 eggs at a time.
Stage 2- The egg hatches and new silkworms arise and feed on mulberry leaves for
around 30 days and move into the next stage.
Stage 3-Cocoon, a protective layer or a silky web spun is developed around the
larvae, which is the size of a small cotton ball made of a single silk thread.
Stage 4- Pupa stage. A stage where silk fibres is obtained by killing the pupa and
plunging the cocoon into boiling water and unwind the silk thread.
Stage 5- The last stage of a life cycle, in which the completely developed pupa
changes into an adult moth. Again the life cycle begins from here.

6. • Plant Fibres
Cotton, wool and jute are the
fibres obtained from the plant
source.
Jute fibre is obtained from the
stem of jute plants. It is soft,
shiny and long fibre with a silky
texture.
Cultivated in rainy seasons and is
basically grown in the states of
West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.

7. Fibres
The finer part of the thread is referred to as fibre.
Fibre is a thread-like structure that is spun into ropes,
clothes and strings.
Fabrics are made from fibres obtained from natural or
artificial sources. Example: rayon, nylon, polyester, etc.

8. Yarn
The thin strands made from fibre are called as yarns. Spinning is the
process of making yarn.
Cotton
Cotton is obtained from cotton bolls, which are taken directly from the
surface of cotton seeds.
It is grown in black clayey soil with a warm climate.
The processing of cotton involves Ginning, Spinning, Weaving and
Knitting.

9. • Ginning
The plant from which cotton is picked contains seeds.
The process of removing these seeds from cotton pods is
known as ginning.
Ginning can be done using hands or by machines.
Weaving
Two distinct yarns are arranged together on weaving
machines, known as looms, to make a fabric.

10. Spinning
The process of making yarn from thin strands of fibres is
called spinning.
It can be done by hand or on a spinning wheel.
Knitting
Knitting is one of the most popular methods to make fabrics from
yarns.
In this process, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric.

11. Types of Fabric
Cotton Fabrics
fabrics
fabrics are woven material or textile
it is prepared from yarns by weaving or knitting
for example:towels,blankets and etc

12. Knitting
hand knitting is a convential method of knitting.though it is also done on
machines.
for example:sweaters and etc

13. weaving

14. Natural Fibres vs. Synthetic Fibres
Natural fibres
These are obtained from nature, i.e., from plants or animals. Plant fibres
are obtained from plants and are also called cellulosic fibres. Example:
Cotton, flax, hemp, jute, and ramie. Animal fibres are obtained from
animals and are also known as protein fibres. They are eco-friendly fibres.
Example: Cotton, wool, jute and silk.

15. Picture of natural fibres

16. Synthetic fibres
These are not obtained from natural sources. These are
prepared in laboratories using various petrochemical
products. These are also known as man-made fibres. These
are more durable than natural fibres.
Example: Polyester, nylon, acrylic, etc