Fibers are the basic unit of textiles and can be natural or synthetic. Natural fibers come from plants and animals, and include cotton, wool, silk, and more. Fibers are spun into yarns and woven into fabrics. A fabric is any material made by weaving, knitting, or bonding fibers together. Wool comes from the soft undercoat of sheep and other animals like goats, yaks, llamas, and camels. Silk is obtained from the cocoons of silkworms and can be natural or artificial. Occupational hazards in the wool and silk industries include diseases from bacteria and dust as well as chemical exposures.

2. FIBRE TO FABRIC
• A fiber is the smallest visible
unit of any textile product.
Fibers are flexible and may
be spun into yarn and made
into fabrics. Fibers naturally
occur in both plants and
animals. More than half of
the fibers produced are
natural fibers. Natural
fibers include cotton, hair,
fur, silk, and wool.
• A fabric is a material made
through weaving, knitting,
spreading, crocheting, or
bonding that may be used
in production of further
goods (garments, etc.).
Cloth may be used
synonymously
with fabric but is often a
piece of fabric that has
been processed.

4. Flax.

6. TYPES OF SHEEP FIBRES
• The hairy skin of sheep has two types of
fibres that form its fleece:
(i) the coarse beard hair,
(ii) the fine soft under hair close to the
skin.
The fine hair provide the fibres for making
wool.

7. Selective breeding
• The process of breeding among the
parents with desirable characters to
get in their offspring is termed as
selective breeding.
• Example, soft under hair in sheep.

10. ANIMAL FIBRE - WOOL

11. The under fur of Kashmiri goat is soft. It is woven into
fine shawls called Pashmina Shawls.

12. Yak fiber produced from the coat hair of yaks mainly found in the
Himalayan region, Tibetan plateau, and some areas of Mongolia and
Central Asia.

13. The fur on the body
of camel is also used
as wool.

14. LIAMA Llama and Alpaca found in South America , yield
wool.

28. Reeling of silk

30. TYPES OF SILK
• Artificial silk are the man-made silk made in
factories by using certain kind of
chemicals. Natural silk are those silk which are
obtained from silkworm or simply as from nature.
• To identify the difference, burn the silk you have.
If the smell of burning hair comes out, then it will
be natural silk and if it is a paper burning smell
then it will be artificial silk.

31. occupational hazards in WOOL industry
• It spreads by the sheep to the sorters by a bacterium
called ANTHRAX
• Sorter's disease is a disease caused by sheep's small
feather that eject in our nose when we breath. This
feather contains bacteria called as 'bacillus anthracx
which causes a fatal blood disease called ‘SORTER’S
DISEASE’.

32. occupational hazards in silk industry
• High noise exposure - can lead to hearing
impairment, hypertension, disturbance in sleep.
• Breathing problems- inhalation of cotton and other
fabric dust leads to lung diseases and other
respiratory diseases.
• Chemical exposure- to harmful pesticides and
chemicals from the processing and dyeing of
materials.

33. END OF THE LESSON