Wool and silk are common animal fibres. Wool is obtained from sheep, goats, yaks, camels, llamas, and alpacas by shearing their thick coats. Silk is obtained from silk worms. The process of obtaining wool involves rearing and breeding sheep, shearing their fleece, washing and processing the fibers. Silk is obtained by rearing silkworms, which spin cocoons that are boiled to extract silk fibers. The fibers are then spun into yarn and woven into fabric.

3. ANIMAL FIBRES
The common animal fibres are wool and silk.
Wool is obtained from sheep, goat, yak, camel, llama, alpaca
etc.
Silk is obtained from silk worm.
SHEEP

4. GOAT

5. YAK

7. ANIMALS THAT YEILD
WOOL
SEVERAL BREEDS OF SHEEPS ARE FOUND IN
DIFFERENT PARTS OF OUR COUNTRY. HOWEVER,THE
FLEECE OF SHEEP IS NOT THE ONLY SOURCE OF
WOOL, THOUGH WOOL COMONLY AVAILABLE IN
MARKET IS SHEEP WOOL . ANGORA WOOL IS
OBTAINED FROM ANGORA GOATS .

9. LLAMA

10. ALPACA

11. Step by step process
of the fiber to the
yarn to the fabric.

12. SILKWORM

13. FROM FIBRE TO WOOL
FOR OBTAINING WOOL , SHEEP ARE REARED .THEIR
HAIR IS CUT AND PROCESSED INTO WOOL. THIS
PROCESS IS KNOWN AS REARING AND BREEDING
OF SHEEP.

15. WOOL IS OBTAINED FROM THE FLEECE (HAIR ) OF SHEEP,
GOAT, CAMEL, YAK, LLAMA, ALPACAAND OTHER
ANIMALS.
THESE ANIMALS HAVE A THICK COAT OF HAIR ON THEIR
BODIES BECAUSE THE HAIR TRAPS AIR AND AIR IS A POOR
CONDUCTOR OF HEAT. SO THE HAIR KEEPS THEIR BODY
WARM.
THE MOST COMMON WOOL IS SHEEP WOOL.
YAK WOOL IS COMMON IN TIBET AND LADAKH.
THE WOOL OBTAINED FROM ANGORA GOATS .
IS SOFT WOOL USED FOR MAKING SHAWLS.
CAMEL HAIR IS ALSO USED AS WOOL.

16. REARING AND
BREEDING OF SHEEP

17. SHEEP ARE REARED IN MANY PARTS OF OUR
COUNTRY LIKE JAMMU AND KASHMIR,
HIMACHAL PRADESH, UTTARACNHAL, SIKKIM,
ARUNACHAL PRADESH, HARYANA, PUNJAB,
RAJASTHAN, GUJARAT ETC.
SHEEP FEED ON GRASS AND LEAVES. THEY
ARE ALSO FED WITH A MIXTURE OF PULSES,
CORN, JOWAR, OILCAKES AND MINERALS.
IN WINTER SHEEP ARE KEPT INDOORS AND
FED ON LEAVES, GRAIN AND DRY FODDER.

20. . THE PROCESSING OF FIBRES INTO WOOL IS DONE IN SIX
STEPS :-
i) The fleece (hair) of the sheep is removed from its body
along with a thin layer of skin by using machines. This
process is called shearing.
ii) The sheared skin with hair is washed in tanks to remove
grease, dust and dirt. This process is called scourin
iii) The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hairs of
different textures are separated. This process is called
sorting.
iv) The small fluffy fibres called burrs are separated from
the hairs and again washed and dried.
v) The fibres are then dyed in different colours.
vi) The fibres are then straightened, combed and rolled into
yarn. They are then spun and woven into fabric.

25. SILK IS OBTAINED FROM
SILKWORMS.
THE REARING OF SILKWORMS
FOR OBTAINING SILK IS CALLED
SERICULTURE

27. LIFE HISTORY OF SILK MOTH
The female silk moth lays eggs which hatch into larvae called
caterpillars or silk worms. The larva feeds on mulberry leaves
and grows in size. Then it secretes fibers made of protein and
weaves the fibres around itself completely and forms pupa.
This covering is called cocoon. The pupa then develops into a
young silk moth. Silk yarn (thread) is obtained from the
cocoon of the silk moth.
The most common silk moth is the mulberry silk moth.

28. SILK
MOTHS

30. Adult silk moth
Female silk moth with
eggs
Eggs
Caterpiller (Larva)Cocoon (Pupa)
Cocoon with developing
moth

32. FROM COCOON TO SILK
Silk moths are reared and their
cocoons are collected to get silk yarns
(threads).

33. REARING OF SILK
WORMS
The female silk moth lays eggs. The eggs are
warmed to a suitable temperature.The eggs hatch
into larvae called caterpiller or silk worms. The
silkworms are kept in bamboo trays and feeds on
mulberry leaves and grows in size. After 30 to 40
days the silk worms stop eating and begins to spin
cocoons. Inside the cocoon the silk worm develops
into silk moth.

35. PROCESSING OF SILK
The cocoons are collected and kept in sunlight
or boiled or exposed to steam. The silk fibres
separate out. The process of taking out the
fibres from the cocoons is called reeling.
Reeling is done by machines. The silk fibres
are then spun into threads and woven into silk
cloth.

36. Processing of silk

37. HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT
FIBRES
READ EACH QUESTION AND CLICK ON THE
ANSWER OF YOUR CHOICE

38. Fibres can be broken down into two main categories –
natural and manufactured.
Natural fibres are either animal or plant-based.
NATURAL FIBRES
Cotton fibres grow on cotton
plants, forming around the seeds
in the cotton boll.
Silk, wool and hair are all animal fibres. Silk is made by silk worms, wool
comes from sheep and hair can come from a number of animals including
rabbit (angora), camel, horse and goat (cashmere and mohair).
Plant fibres include cotton and linen. The fibres come from different parts of
plants. Cotton and coir come from the seed, while linen comes from the stem
of flax plants.

39. Staple fibres are matted together and need to be pulled apart.
Traditionally, this was done using two wire brushes (carders), pulled
in opposite directions.
The carding process can also now be done on an industrial scale.
ON WHICH SCALE CARDING
SCALE IS ALSO BE DONE?

40. SYNTHETIC FIBRES
Synthetic fibres are all man-made from organic polymers, made by
refining crude oil or coal. Polyester, nylon and acrylic are synthetic
fibres.
Nylon was the first synthetic fibre to
be created from chemicals obtained
from crude oil.
Synthetic fibres and regenerated fibres are manufactured. All manufactured fibres start as filament fibres.
Regenerated fibres are made from natural materials, such as cellulose from
wood, that are chemically processed. Viscose and rayon are regenerated fibres.

42. MADE BY:
BOYS OF CLASS VII
A