- The study examines profit efficiency among smallholder beef producers in Botswana using farm-level survey data from three districts. - Stochastic frontier analysis is used to estimate profit frontiers and measure technical inefficiency, finding average efficiency levels of 0.58, 0.56, 0.62 and 0.68 for the whole sample and different herd size groups. - Key determinants of inefficiency include education level, distance to market, herd size, access to information, and income from crop production, indicating opportunities to improve profitability through policy and practice changes.