The document discusses the physiology and neurology of vision. It covers topics such as: 1. The physiology of the eye, including aqueous secretion and refraction of light rays. 2. The mechanisms of color vision including the spectrum of light and color vision testing. 3. Visual pathways involving the three orders of neurons from the eyes to the occipital cortex. 4. Common lesions of the visual pathway like hemianopia resulting from optic tract injuries or tumors.

2. .
PHYSIOLOGY AND
NEUROLOGY OF
VISION

3. Physiology of eye
Physiology of eye:
• 0,2ul/mint 10%
• Aqueous secration and execration
Active 75%
• Light wave
• Red,Orange, yellow , green,blue ,
indigo, violet (7colors rays)
Primary color is red, green, blue.

5. Physiology of vision
The spectrum of light:
From397mu to723mu
Mechanism of colour vision
e.g: white all rays reflect
black all rays absorb

8. Physiology of vision
• Refraction of the light rays:
• Refreactive media
• Cornea, Aqueous humor, lens,
vitreous
• ACCOMMODATION FOR THE EYE
• LENS
• PUPIL
• MOVEMENT OF THE EYE BALL

9. Function of the retina
• Sensitive cells RODS and CONS
• Rods is more sensitive then cons
• (Scotopic) vision sensitive to dim
light (periphery of retina)
• Rhodopsin (carotene)
• (phot optic vision) Cons sensitive
to bright and color (macula )
• Phot opsin

10. Visual perceptions
1.Light sense
• Light minimum
• Dark adaptation
dark adaptation time
2. Form sense (Visual aquity)
3. Sense of contrast
4. Color vision
Color vision test (ishchara chart)
Trichromatic (red , green ,blue)
Color blindness (achromatopsia)
a. Congenital b. acquired
Male 1% female 0,4 %
Most case blindness GREEN

11. Color vision test (ishchara
chart)

12. Binocular vision
• Binocular (stereoscopic vision)
• Optic media
cornea, Aqueous humor, lens, vitreous

13. Visual pathway
• First : order neuron (cons and rod)
• Second : order neuron(Ganglion
cells L.G.B)
• Third : order neuron (occipital
cortex visual center)

14. Lesions of the visual
pathway
1.Hemianopia: :‫نیمای‬ ‫سترګی‬ ‫یو‬
‫تللی‬ ‫مینځه‬ ‫له‬ ‫دید‬ ‫مخیطی‬.
Trauma.
Inflammation
Tumor
vascular lesion
Degeneration
2. Amblyopia
3. Amaurosis

15. Hemianopia
Homonymous hemianopia ‫ښي‬ ‫سترګو‬ ‫دواړو‬ ‫د‬
‫تګ‬ ‫لمنځه‬ ‫له‬ ‫ددید‬ ‫طرف‬ ‫نیمایي‬ ‫چپ‬ ‫یا‬ ‫او‬ ‫نیماي‬
(optic tract, optic radiation occipital
cortex)
Bitemporal hemianopia
(central part of optic chiasma)
Binasal hemianopia
(either side optic chiasma)

17. +

18. 2. Amblopia (blunt)
‫دی‬ ‫د‬ ‫سترګو‬ ‫دواړو‬ ‫د‬ ‫یا‬ ‫او‬ ‫یوي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫موضوعي‬ ‫په‬‫د‬‫د‬‫اندازي‬
‫کمبود‬،‫اپتلموسکوپ‬ ‫د‬ ‫چي‬ ‫کي‬ ‫حال‬ ‫داسي‬ ‫په‬‫په‬ ‫واسطه‬ ‫په‬
‫سترګو‬‫د‬ ‫کی‬‫شي‬ ‫لیدل‬ ‫نه‬ ‫و‬ ‫عالیم‬ ‫پتالوژي‬
Etiology :
1. Unilateral amblyopia :
visual pathway problem
high refractive error
retro bulbar neuritis
1. Bilateral amblyopia
• Toxic amblyopia
• Hysteria

21. Amaurosis (dark)
•‫په‬‫مکمل‬‫لن‬ ‫د‬ ‫سترګو‬ ‫دواړو‬ ‫د‬ ‫یا‬ ‫او‬ ‫سترکی‬ ‫یوی‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډول‬‫ډ‬
‫کیږی‬ ‫ویل‬ ‫ته‬ ‫تللو‬ ‫منځه‬ ‫له‬ ‫دید‬ ‫د‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫وخت‬
Complete loss of sight one or both eye
Etiology:
Unilateral anaurosis
Bilateral amaurosis
• Uremia
• Meningitis
• Hysteria
• Retinal aplasia

22. ‫پوښتنی؟‬