1. Vitreous humour is the jelly-like substance that fills the vitreous cavity behind the lens. It is composed of 99% water along with collagen, hyaluronic acid, and other proteins.
2. The vitreous humour can be divided into three parts - the outer hyaloid layer, the cortical vitreous, and the medullary vitreous. It attaches to structures around the eye including the retina, lens, and optic disc.
3. The biochemical composition of the vitreous humour allows it to maintain a high level of transparency and act as a viscoelastic gel within the eye.
Vitreous humour
1. Vitreous Humour
2. General features ďś Vitreous humour is an inert ,transparent , colourless, jellylike, hydrophilic gel that serves the optical functions and also acts as important supporting structures for the eyeball. ďś The vitreous cavity is bounded by anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the retina ďś Its weighs nearly 4g ďś Vitreous is an extacellular material composed of approximately 99 per cent water
3. Structure ďś The vitreous body is the largest and simplest connective tissue present as a single piece in the human body ďś Divided into three parts- 1. The hyaloid layer or membrane 2. The cortical vitreous and 3. The medullary vitreous
1. ď¨ ď¨ ď¨ Introduction Gross anatomy Layers ď¨ Blood supply, drainage and nerve supply
2. INTRODUCTION ⢠Sclera forms posterior 5/6th of external tunic , connective tissue coat of eyeball. ⢠it continues with duramater and cornea ⢠Its whole surface covered by tenonâs capsule ⢠Anteriorly covered by- bulbar conjunctiva ⢠Inner surface lies in contact with choroid ⢠With a potential suprachoroidal space in between
3. Equa THICKNESS OF SCLERA
4. ⢠Thickness varies with individual, with age ⢠Thinner- children, elder, F> M ⢠Thickest posteriorly ⢠Gradually becomes thinner when traced anteriorly ⢠Thin at insertion of extraocular muscle
ď The tear film constitutes Three layers :- ď An outermost lipid (oily) layer ď An aqueous (watery) layer that makes up 90% of the tear film volume; and ď A mucin layer that coats the corneal surface.
3. ď To form smooth optical surface on cornea. ď To keep the surface of cornea & conjunctiva moist ď It serve as lubricant ď It transfer oxygen ď Provide antibacterial action ď Wash debris out ď It provides a pathway for WBC in case of injury
4. Functions of lipid layer ď Retards evaporation of tear film ď Prevents the overflow of tears
5. Function of Aqueous Layer ď Flushes, buffers and lubricates the corneal surface ď Delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the corneal surface ď Wash out debris ď Delivers antibacterial enzymes and antibodies such as lysozyme.
6. Functions of Mucin Layer ď Spreads tears over corneal surface. ď Protects the cornea against foreign substances . ď Makes corneal surface smooth by filling in surface irregularities
Vitreous humour
1. Vitreous Humour
2. General features ďś Vitreous humour is an inert ,transparent , colourless, jellylike, hydrophilic gel that serves the optical functions and also acts as important supporting structures for the eyeball. ďś The vitreous cavity is bounded by anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the retina ďś Its weighs nearly 4g ďś Vitreous is an extacellular material composed of approximately 99 per cent water
3. Structure ďś The vitreous body is the largest and simplest connective tissue present as a single piece in the human body ďś Divided into three parts- 1. The hyaloid layer or membrane 2. The cortical vitreous and 3. The medullary vitreous
1. ď¨ ď¨ ď¨ Introduction Gross anatomy Layers ď¨ Blood supply, drainage and nerve supply
2. INTRODUCTION ⢠Sclera forms posterior 5/6th of external tunic , connective tissue coat of eyeball. ⢠it continues with duramater and cornea ⢠Its whole surface covered by tenonâs capsule ⢠Anteriorly covered by- bulbar conjunctiva ⢠Inner surface lies in contact with choroid ⢠With a potential suprachoroidal space in between
3. Equa THICKNESS OF SCLERA
4. ⢠Thickness varies with individual, with age ⢠Thinner- children, elder, F> M ⢠Thickest posteriorly ⢠Gradually becomes thinner when traced anteriorly ⢠Thin at insertion of extraocular muscle
ď The tear film constitutes Three layers :- ď An outermost lipid (oily) layer ď An aqueous (watery) layer that makes up 90% of the tear film volume; and ď A mucin layer that coats the corneal surface.
3. ď To form smooth optical surface on cornea. ď To keep the surface of cornea & conjunctiva moist ď It serve as lubricant ď It transfer oxygen ď Provide antibacterial action ď Wash debris out ď It provides a pathway for WBC in case of injury
4. Functions of lipid layer ď Retards evaporation of tear film ď Prevents the overflow of tears
5. Function of Aqueous Layer ď Flushes, buffers and lubricates the corneal surface ď Delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the corneal surface ď Wash out debris ď Delivers antibacterial enzymes and antibodies such as lysozyme.
6. Functions of Mucin Layer ď Spreads tears over corneal surface. ď Protects the cornea against foreign substances . ď Makes corneal surface smooth by filling in surface irregularities
The aqueous humour is a transparent, watery fluid similar to plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary epithelium, a structure supporting the lens
The tear film is a complex mixture of substances secreted from multiple sources on the ocular surface, including the lacrimal gland, the accessory lacrimal glands, the meibomian glands, and the goblet cells.
Each eyelid contains a fibrous plate, called a tarsus, that gives it structure and shape; muscles, which move the eyelids; and meibomian (or tarsal) glands, which secrete lubricating fluids. The lids are covered with skin, lined with mucous membrane, and bordered with a fringe of hairs, the eyelashes.
Cornea is the clear front surface of the eye. It lies directly in front of the iris and pupil, and it allows light to enter the eye.
Cornea forms the transparent and anterior 1/6th of the external fibrous coat of the globe of the eyeball.
The cornea is the eye's most powerful structure for focusing light that provides approximately 65 to 75 percent of the focusing power of the eye.
The cornea has unmyelinated nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals; a touch of the cornea causes an involuntary reflex to close the eyelid.
The aqueous humour is a transparent, watery fluid similar to plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary epithelium, a structure supporting the lens
The tear film is a complex mixture of substances secreted from multiple sources on the ocular surface, including the lacrimal gland, the accessory lacrimal glands, the meibomian glands, and the goblet cells.
Each eyelid contains a fibrous plate, called a tarsus, that gives it structure and shape; muscles, which move the eyelids; and meibomian (or tarsal) glands, which secrete lubricating fluids. The lids are covered with skin, lined with mucous membrane, and bordered with a fringe of hairs, the eyelashes.
Cornea is the clear front surface of the eye. It lies directly in front of the iris and pupil, and it allows light to enter the eye.
Cornea forms the transparent and anterior 1/6th of the external fibrous coat of the globe of the eyeball.
The cornea is the eye's most powerful structure for focusing light that provides approximately 65 to 75 percent of the focusing power of the eye.
The cornea has unmyelinated nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals; a touch of the cornea causes an involuntary reflex to close the eyelid.
Physiology of cornea in which you will get all the details about corneal functions, corneal metabolism, wound healing and information about contact lenses
Anatomy and an important paper presentation on the topic 'VITREOUS HUMOUR ' it's very useful for an optometrist/ophthalmologist and also for optometry students .
vitreous humour have it's own important function. But here only anatomy of vitreous humour/body.
The presentation includes Introduction to Ocular Drug Delivery System, Anatomy of Human eye, Mechanism of Ocular Drug Absorption, Barriers for Ocular Delivery, Factors affecting Intraocular bioavailability, Drawbacks of traditional ophthalmic formulations, Classification of Ocular Drug Delivery System, Formulations of Ocular Drug Delivery System and Evaluation parameters of Ocular Drug Delivery System.
Cataract refers to development of an opacity due in the lens or its capsule
Due to formation of opaque lens fibre
Due opacification of normally formed transparent lens fibres.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
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The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
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Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
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Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
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Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
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Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
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Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
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Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
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1. Vitreous humour
PRESENTED BY
Nilesh kumar , Khushboo sahu,
Rukhmani sahu, Chanchal Sinha, Dimple Sinha,
B. Optometry 2nd
Sem
ITM UNIVERSITY, NAYA RAIPUR, CG
2. VitrEous humour
DEFINITION
ď Vitreous humour is an inert, transparent, jelly âlike, hydrophilic
(dissolved in water) gel structure
ď Vitreous cpmposed of approximately 99% water
ď Vitreous cavity is bounded anteriorly by lens & ciliary body &
posteriorly by retina
5. STRUCTURE
ďIt may be divided into three parts
1. Hyaloid layer or membrane
2. Cortical vitreous
3. Medullary vitreous
6. 1. Hyaloid layer or membrane
⢠Outermost surface layer or condensation of
vitreous body
ANTERIOR HYALOID MEMBRANE /
ANTERIOR LIMITING MEMBRANE
⢠Lies 1.5 mm anterior to oraserrata
⢠With other structure
⢠Hyalocilliary zonule- anterior hyloid
membrane to cilliary proccess
⢠Retrolental ligament â anterior hyaloid to lens
7. ⢠Coronary ligament â anterior hyaloid to
posterior one-third of cilliary processes circum
ferentially
⢠Median ligament â anterior hyaloid to pars
plana
POSTERIOR HYALOID MEMBRANE /
POSTERIOR LIMITING MEMBRANE
⢠Extends back from vitreous based to optic disc
⢠Liesing contact with internal limitimg
membrane of retina
8. 2. Cortical vitreous
⢠Peripheral zone, approx 100Οm in width vitreous
⢠Metabolic centre or vitreous body
⢠Cortical vitreous cells
Hyalocytes - 99%
Fibrocytes & glial cells - 10 %
9. 3. Medullary vitreous
⢠Forms major part of vitreous body
⢠Less fibrillar than cortical vitreous
⢠Homogenous but exhibit wavy lines
⢠Watered silk appearance in slit lamp
10. Vitreous tracts
⢠Sheets like condensation of vitreous tissue
radiating from ciliary body to retina
⢠Givens onions skin arrangement of adult
vitreuos
Vitreous tracts seen in adult vitreous space are
â
1.TRACTUS RETROLENTIS â
⢠Innermost tract attached anterior to posterior
lens capsule & posterior in front of optic disc
11. 2. TRACTUS CORONARIUM
⢠Attached anterior to coronary ligament & posterior
lateral to tractus retrolentis
3 .TRACTUS MEDIANUS
⢠Attached anterior to ligament & posterior lateral to
tractus coronarium
4 . TRACTUS PRERETINALIS
⢠Attached anterior at ora serrata circum & posterior
lateral to tractus medianus
12.
13. ZONES OF VITREOUS SPACE
ďRETROLENTAL ZONE
ďAnterior boundary â patellar fosa
INTERMEDIATE ZONE
ďAnterior boundry âepiciliary portion of anterior hyaloid
membrane
ďMedially â tractus retrolentis
ďLaterally â tractus preretinalis
ďCoronary & median tract are present in this zone
PRERETINAL ZONE
Medially- tractus preretinalis
Laterally - retina
14. ATTACHMENTS OF VITREOUS
VITREOUS BASE
⢠At ora serrata
⢠Anterior extension : to adjoining pars plana
part of cilliary body anterior to ora serrata
⢠Posterior extension : to peripheral retina
posterior to ora serrata
⢠Strongest attachment of vitreous
⢠Collagen fibers of cortical vitreous are
inserted at right angles at base
15. ATTACHMENTS OF VITREOUS
⢠Optic disc (weak attachment )
⢠Back of lens ( by hyaloido capsular ligament of
wiegert)
⢠Para macular area (weak oval attachment)
⢠Para vascular attachment
17. BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION
ďWater forms 99% of wet weight of
vitreous
ďAll solids combined to form the remaining
1% of vitreous wet weight
MACROMOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS
ďCOLLAGEN - The insoluble protein in vitreous
are present in form of fine fibres
18. HYAURONIC ACID
⢠It is mucopolysaccharide
⢠Macromolecules composed of equivalent
amounts of monosaccharides
⢠N â acetyl â glucosamine & glucuronic acid
SOLUBLE PROTEINS - soluble proteins
consentration of vitreous is very low & this
does not scatter light
19. Low molecular weight constituent
SUGAR
vitreous gel contains glucose, galactose,
manose, fructose, glucuronic acid and
glucosamine
ASCORBIC ACID
Concentration of ascorbic acid is higher in
vitreous than that of plasma
AMINO ACID
21 amino acid have been demonstrated in
vitreous humor of autopsied eyes
20. Physiochemical properties
Weight & volume
weight- 4g
volume - 4CC
OPTICAL PROPERTIES - high water content
combine to maintain the gel in high
state of transparency
⢠Refractive index of vitreous gel is 1.3349
21. PLASTICITY - Plasticity provided by 3 network
of randomly oriented rod like collagen
fibres
VISCOELASTICITY -
Viscoelasticity is provided by network of
hyaluronice acid molecular chains
