This document summarizes key information about aqueous humor: - It is a clear, watery fluid produced continuously by the ciliary processes that nourishes the eye and maintains its shape. It flows from the posterior to anterior chamber. - It has a volume of 0.31 ml, with 0.25 ml in the anterior chamber and 0.06 ml in the posterior chamber. It is slightly acidic and hyperosmotic compared to plasma. - The primary structures involved in its production and drainage are the ciliary body, posterior chamber, anterior chamber, and angle of the anterior chamber. The major drainage pathway is through the trabecular meshwork into Schlemm's canal and aqueous veins.

1. Dr. Maliha Nawar
Resident, Phase-A(year-1)
Community Ophthalmology
BSMMU

2.  Is a clear, colorless, watery solution.
 Flows from posterior to anterior chamber.
 It nourishes the eye and keeps it inflated.
 Is continually produced by the ciliary
processes.

3. •Volume of aqueous humour is about 0.31 ml
a) 0.25ml in anterior chamber
b) 0.06ml in posterior chamber
•Refractive index 1.336.
•Slightly acidic with a pH in the anterior
chamber of 7.2
•Normal production rate is 2.0-2.5µl/ min.
•Slightly Hyper osmotic to plasma by 3-5
mOsml/L.

4. • Water: Constitutes of about 99.9%.
• Solid: 0.1%
• ( Proteins: 5-16mg/100ml
• Amino acids: aqueous/plasma concentration varies from
0.08-3.14
• Non colloidal constituents: conc. Of ascorbate, pyruvate,
lactate in higher amount while urea and glucose are
much less.
• Inulin and steroid
• Prostaglandins
• Cyclic AMP)

5. • Serves to clear
blood,
macrophages,
remnants of lens
matter from
anterior chamber
• Provides a clear
optical medium
for vision
• Acts as
diverging lens of
low power
• Provides
substrates
• Removes
metabolites
from cornea
and lens.
• INFLATES THE
GLOBE
• MAINTAINS
STRUCTURAL
INTEGRITY
IOP
MAINTENAN
CE
Metabolism
Clearing
FunctionOptical
Function

6. Primary ocular structures involved are :
1. Cilliary body
2. Posterior chamber
3. Anterior chamber
4. Angle of anterior chamber
5. Aqueous outflow system

8. • Formed by: iris root, anterior part of ciliary
body, scleral spur, canal of schlemm,
trabecular meshwork and schwalbe’s line.
• Major drainage pathway for aqueous humour.
• Angle is wider in myopic eyes and narrow in
hypermetropes
• Plays a vital role in pathomechanism of
different types of glaucoma.
• Visualized by gonioscopic examination.

10. GRADE ANGE
WIDTH
(in degrees)
CONFIGURAT
-ION
RISK OF
CLOSUE
STRUCTURS
VISIBLE ON
GONIOSCOY
4 35-45֯ WIDE OPEN CLOSURE
IMPOSSIBLE
Schwalbe’sLine,
Trabecular
meshwork,Scler
alSpur,
CiliaryBodyBand
3 25-35֯ OPEN ANGLE CLOSURE
IMPOSSIBLE
Schwalbe’sLine ,
Trabecular meshwork,
Scleral Spur
2 20֯ MODERATELY
NARROW
CLOSURE
POSSIBL-
E
Schwalbe’sLine
Trabecular meshwork
1 10֯ VERY
NARROW
HIGH RISK OF
CLOSURE
Schwalbe’sLine ONLY
0 0֯ CLOSED CLOSED NONE OF THE
ANGLE
STRUCTURES
VISIBLE

12. • It includes:-
a)the trabecular meshwork,
b) Schlemm’s canal,
c)collector channels,
d) aqueous veins and the episcleral
veins .

13. • Complex pathway
• Ciliary processes are site of aqueous
humour formation
• Mainly by three machanisms
1.Ultra filtration 20%
2.Active transfer 70%
3.Diffusion 10%

14. • Consists of two
pathways:
1.Trabecular or
conventional outflow
2.Uveoscleral or
unconventional outflow

15. DRAINAGE OF AQUEOUS HUMOUR