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Eyeball
The eyeball consists of three layers - the outer sclera and cornea, middle choroid, and inner retina. The cornea is transparent and consists of 5 layers, while the choroid contains blood vessels and the ciliary body which secretes aqueous humor. The iris controls the pupil size and the lens focuses light onto the retina for vision. Various structures work together for functions like accommodation and refractive error correction.
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Eyeball
- 1. By- Dr. ArmaanSingh Complete Eyeball Info ppt.
- 2. Eyeball • Surrounded byTenon’s fascia • Attached to corneoscleral junction • Dura on optic nerve • Check ligaments • Suspensory ligament of Lockwood • Cone of muscles • Fat
- 3. Eyeball • Consists ofthree coats • Outer layer • Sclera and cornea • Choroid • Retina
- 4. Cornea • Transparent • Avascular •Forms anterior 1/6 • Smaller sphere than sclera • Depression at corneoscleral junction
- 5. Five Layers ofCornea 1. Corneal epithelium 2. Bowman’s or anterior limiting membrane 3. Substantia propria 4. Descement’s or posterior limiting membrane 5. Endothelium
- 6. Cornea • Posterior limitingmembrane breaks up at the edges to form pectinate ligament of iris • Spaces are called the spaces of the iridiocorneal angle (fontana)
- 7. Iridiocorneal Angle • Ifthe iridiocorneal angle is narrowed • Reabsorption of aqueous humour into venous sinus of sclera is blocked • Causing glaucoma • Blindness increased intraocular pressure
- 8. Cornea • Cornea isavascular • Surface must be moist • Rheumatoid dry • Not wearing safety goggles • Scarring of cornea results in blindness in that portion of the cornea • Trachoma, new vessel formation in the cornea • Transplants
- 9. Sclera • Posterior 5/6 •Opaque • Insertion muscles • Vena vorticosae pierce at equator • Optic nerve 2.3 mm medial to axis, the lamina cribrosa • Central artery of retina • Long and short cilary vessels and nerves
- 10. Suprachoroid Space • Longciliary nerves • Long posterior ciliary arteries going to iris
- 11. Choroid • Choroid proper •Ciliary body • Iris • Vascular layer in posterior part • Equator of eyeball • Uveal tract or iridocyclitis
- 12. Choroid • Outer limitingmembrane • Veins • Arteries • Capillaries • Inner limiting membrane of bruch • Attached to pigmented layer of retina
- 13. Ciliary Body • Triangular •Apex posterior • Short base anterior • Deep surface thrown into folds called the ciliary processes • Ciliary body is vascular, pigmented
- 14. Ciliary Zonule • Suspensoryligament of lens is attached to the cilary processes • The portion of the suspensory ligament closest to the ciliary • Processes is called the ciliary zonule
- 15. Ciliary Muscles • Smoothmuscle • Radial is attached to scleral spur • Circular within anterior part of radial muscle • Parasympathetic oculomotor 3rd nerve • Relays in ciliary ganglion
- 16. Accommodation Reflex • Contractionof ciliary muscles • Ciliary processes pulled anteriorly • Relaxes suspensory ligament of lens • Elasticity of lens • It becomes more convex • Pupils constrict • Medial rectus contracts
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- 18. Iris • Cone shapeddiaphragm • Halfway along anterior of base of choroid • Central aperture pupil • Vascular pigmented • Amount pigment colour • Blood vessels long posterior, anterior cilary arteries; two circles
- 19. Iris • Circular sphincterpupillae • Oculomotor • Behind lies radial or dilator pupillae • Sympathetic T1 develop from ectoderm
- 20. Aqueous Humour • Aqueoushumour is secreted by ciliary processes into posterior chamber • Through the pupil into anterior chamber • Spaces of fontana into venous sinus of sclera or canal of Schlemn
- 21. Posterior Chamber • Boundedposteriorly by suspensory ligament of lens and lens • Peripherally by ciliary processes • Anteriorly by iris
- 22. Anterior Chamber Anterior Chamber •Bounded posteriorly by iris and pupil • Anteriorly by cornea • Peripherally by spaces of fontana or iridio-corneal angle
- 23. Retina • Nervous layer •Superficial to deep • Pigment cells • Rods and cones • Bipolar cells • Ganglion cells • Axons of the ganglion cells form optic nerve
- 24. Rods • Rods arefound at peripheral portion of the retina • 70 rods connected to one bipolar cell • Peripheral vision • Visual purple sees back and white
- 25. Cones • Cones seecolour • Photoreceptors • One cone to one bipolar cell • Found in fovea or macula lutea • Directly behind axis • No nerve fibres or vessels in front
- 26. Blood Supply ofRetina • Rods and cones supplied by capillaries of choroid by diffusion • Bipolar and ganglion cells supplied by central artery of the retina • Enters through optic disc, blind spot
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- 29. Detached Retina • Outerlayer of optic cup • Pigmented layer • Inner layer rods and cones • Removed from their blood supply
- 30. Refractive Media • Cornea •Aqueous humour of anterior and posterior chamber • Lens • Vitreous body
- 31. Refractive Media • Greatestrefraction of light • Takes place at the surface of the cornea • Very little refraction after cornea
- 32. Lens • Crystalline • Translucent •Avascular structure • Lies in hyloid fossa • Posterior surface is highly convex • Does not alter its shape
- 33. Lens • Suspensory ligamentis attached to periphery of the lens • Cataract opaque lens • Nutrition from aqueous humour
- 34. Lens • Supplied byhyloid • Artery during development • Hyloid artery regresses remains as the hyloid canal • May persist, result a form of blindness
- 35. Vitreous Body • Semiliquid •Translucent • Avascular gel • Enclosed in hyloid membrane • Opacities may develop in elderly
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