this based on the k.park book.this for the community health nursing.only describe system and the sanitary fittings only.

1. Presented by
D.M.CHANDRASIRI
Reg.no 2015/NUR/082
B.Sc. nursing student

2. Elements of water carriage Treatment of sewage
and sewage system
House hold sanitary fittings Primary treatment
House sewers Secondary treatment
Public sewer and traps

3. Content
I. Introduction
II. Types of water carriage and sewage
system
III. Elements of water carriage and sewage
system
IV. House hold sanitary fittings
V. House drain
VI. Public sewer
VII. Sewer appurtenances
VIII. Summary
IX. Conclusion
X. References

4.  The water carriage system
or sewerage system implies collecting
and transporting of human excreta and
waste from houses,commercial and
industrial areas, by a net-work of
underground pipes.

5.  This system adopted to transport the human
night soil , street washing and industrial
liquid waste through the agency of water
supply.
 Therefor it requires an abundant water
supply.
 This is the cheaper in the long run and
cleanest , quickest sanitary method of
remove night soil.
 This system recommended for towns and
cities not for rural areas.

6.  This system requires following conditions
 An abundant water supply
 Good drains and sewer with proper
ventilation
 Sufficient slope to give the required
velocity , to the sewage

7.  There are 02 types in water carriage
system.
1. Combine sewer system
2. Separate sewer system

8. 1.Combine sewer system
 In combine system sewers carry both the sewage
and surface water
 This system is best suited in areas having small
rainfall

9. 2. Separate sewer system
 In this system surface water is not admitted
into sewers.
 This system considered the system of
choice today.

10. 1.House hold sanitary fittings
2.House drain
3.Public sewer
4.Sewer appurtenances

11. This is the plumbing system of
the building or a house. Every house is connected to the
nearest sewer .the usual house hold sanitary fittings are
EX- water closet ,
Urinal,
Wash basin
1.House hold sanitary fittings

12. I. Water Closet
 Water closet is a sanitary installation.
 for the reception of human excreta and having
connection with the sewer through soil pipe and
house drain.
 Water closet consist two parts.
a. Closet proper
b. Flushing apparatus

13. a. Closet proper
 mainly two types.
1.western type
2.indain type
Indian type western type

14.  Western type is the ideal type
 The Indian type consist of a Squatting plate.
 Opening in to the connecting pipe through
the trap.
 Squatting plate has got 2 foot rest either
side of the pan proper.
 The western type consist of a bowl .called
commode.

15. b. Flushing apparatus
 Consist of a small cistern or tank.
 Placed about 1m above the basin.
 Holding about 15L of water.
 It works by pulling a chain or pedal action or a hand
button and delivers the water by pipe to flush out
the excreta into soil pipes keep closet or pan clean.

17. Urinal
 A urinal is a sanitary plumbing fixture
for urination.
 predominantly used by males
 Simply can hang the wall.
 It have automatic or manual flushing.

18. Soil Pipes
 These are the pipes laid vertically outside
the wall.
 Carry the excreta from the closet to the
house drain one side an for the escape of
foul gas on the other side.
 The soil pipes open directly into the house
drain without any intervention of trap.

19.  This is an underground pipe for draining
from the soil pipe and also the waste water
from the house or compound to the sewer.
 It is laid on a bed of concrete with a
sufficient gradient towards the sewer to
facilitate easy transit.

20.  Requirement for a house drain ,
 sufficient inclination for good velocity to
the flow,
Pipes should be both air and water tight,
Flushing arrangements should be proper,

21.  These are big underground pipes laid in
concrete bed.
 Sewers are not less than 22.5cm diameter
,bigger ones may be 2 to 3m in diameter.
 Meant for draining the sewer from several
houses .
 Transport to the main outfall or place of final
disposal.

23.  These are 02 types.
a) Inspection cambers
(manholes)
 These are masonry underground
chamber
Sewer appurtenances

24.  Lined with cement as to make water tight and
covered with air tight iron lid.
 These are placed or constructed at the
following sit
 where the direction of the sewer is
change
 where 2 or 3 sewer meet,
 at distance of 100m in long straight runs
• The chambers permit a person to enter
inside to carry out inspection ,repair and
cleaning activities.

25.  Workers entering the manholes are liable to
gas poising asphyxiation
 manholes of the drainage system will
generate methane and/ hydrogen sulphide.
 This chemical can irritate the eyes, cause a
cough or sore throat , shortness of breath ,
and fluid accumulation in the lungs.
 Prolonged low-level exposure may cause
fatigue, pneumonia, loss of
appetite, headache, irritability, poor memory,
and dizziness.

27. To prevention gas poisoning

28. b) Traps
There are various kinds of trap
These are devices desinged to prevent foul
gases entering the houses and remove
sand ,grit and grease from sewage.

29. Summary
 The water carriage system of
sewerage, as Its name Implies, Is a system
for the removal by gravitational flow through
conduits of sewage which has been greatly
diluted with water. It remove the surface
storm-water, the subsoil-water, and liquid
wastes from houses and manufacturing
establishments, and removes them
Immediately more rapidly and thoroughly,
therefore, this riddance Is effected, the
better It Is in every way for the general
health of the public.


30. Conclusion
Proper arrangements for the
collection, treatment and disposal of all
the wastes produced from the town or
city helps to make healthy environment
for every one.

31. References
 Park K. Park’s Text Book Of Preventive And Social
Medicine, Banarsidas Bhnot Publishers, Jayapur, 23rd
Edition
 Basavanthappa B.T. Essentials of Community Health
Nursing, Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishers, 3rd
Edition
 Sri P. Venkateswara Rao text book of ENVIROMENTAL
ENGINEERING (For the Course of Water Supply and
Sanitary Engineering)
 The origin and development of the carriage system of
sewage By wills chester danielson