3G UMTS is a 3rd generation mobile network standard that aims to provide improved voice quality, higher data speeds, and more capacity compared to previous 2G standards. It utilizes W-CDMA technology along with a packet-switched core network to support data rates up to 2Mbps. Key aspects of 3G UMTS include soft handovers between base stations, advanced cellular planning to optimize coverage and capacity, and global roaming capabilities. While offering benefits over 2G, 3G also presented challenges such as high infrastructure costs and lack of adoption from some existing mobile users.

1. 3G UMTS
Wireless Communication

2. Group Members
• Aroosa
• Maryam
• Sheher
• Saba
Presented To
• Engr.Sadia
• Engr.Maria
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3. Outline
– Comparison of mobile generations
– Why 3G
– History
– Evolution to 3G
– 3G UMTS
– Planning
– Qualities
– Services Classifications
– Data Rates
– Infrastructure
– Frequency allocation
– Use of UMTS at the moment
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4. The Race To 3G:

5. Comparison

6. Why 3G
 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of
them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
 To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the
world
One device should be able to work anywhere !
“Access to Information from Anyplace, Anytime”
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7. History
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8. Evolution to 3G
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9. 3G UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication system
(UMTS):
– UMTS Most popular 3G wireless standard.
– UMTS is an upgrade from GPRS with much more bandwidth.
– Combines the infrastructure of the GSM network with superior
technology of the CDMA air interface.
• Builds upon the successful European GSM network
– Incorporates the developments made for the GPRS and EDGE
networks
– The 3G stand was written by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• The standard was referred to as IMT-2000
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10. 3G UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication system (UMTS)
Is a European vision of 3G.
UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS and EDGE.
Data rates for UMTS are:
•144 Kbps for rural.
•384 Kbps for urban outdoor.
•2048 Kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
New Spectrum is allocated for those technologies i.e.
2500 to 2690,1710-1885 and 806-960 MHz for UMTS
standards.

11. 3G-UMTS:
 W-CDMA is the most common radio interface for UMTS systems.
 Uses W-CDMA:
• 5MHz of bandwidth for each channel.
• Several thousand users can be supported in each cell site.
 Offers 11Mbps download speed.
 Fast power control (PC)
– Reduces the impact of channel fading and minimizes the
interference.
 Soft handover
– Improves coverage, decreases interference.
 Market share for WCDMA is growing rapidly
– More than 340 million WCDMA subscribers

12. Planning
_Worldwide positioning available
• Able to pinpoint a device and direct services to it.
• Mostly to be used for “Push” services
– Increased data rate
• Maximum 2048Kbps
– Operational
• in Europe by 2002
• Japan 2001 (this was achieved)
• Worldwide usage by 2007 (First to serve 3G Service in South Asia
in 2006)
• 3G and 4G was simultaneously launched in Pakistan on April 23,
2014
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13. Standard
– The 3G stand was written by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• The standard was referred to as IMT-2000
– The key to the standards was the available data over the
air interface
» 2Mbps in fixed or in-building environments
» 384 kbps in pedestrian or urban environments
» 144 kbps in wide area mobile environments

14. Parts of Standard
• Other parts of the standard
– Frequency Spectrum
– Technical Specification
– Radio and Network components
– Tariffs and Billing
– Technical Assistance
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15. Qualities of UMTS
UMTS
– Full packet driven architecture
• For voice and for data transmissions.
• Packet based networks allow for an increased amount of traffic on a
medium.
• The only time part of that medium is blocked is when a device is
transmitting or receiving.
– Consider how often in your phone calls you actually say nothing
» Natural pause between words
» Taking a breath
» Waiting for a response
» Thinking of something to say
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16. Services Classification
• UMTS
– Offers voice and data services the same as EDGE
• Services offered will be classed into one of the following
Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
Real-Time Best-effort, guarantee of quality
delivery
Voice Streaming
Video
Web Pages MMS, SMS,
emails
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17. Types of Cells
•Types of Cells and Base station to use them
–Macro Cell
• These cover a large area and will give slow access
• 144 Kbps – max speed of 500 Km/h
–Micro Cell
• These should cover a medium area
• 384 Kbps max speed 120 Km/h
–Pico Cell
• Less than 100 metres
• 2 Mbps – max speed of 10 Km/h
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18. Types of cell cont.
• Types of Cells and Base station to use them
– Cells will operate in a hierarchy overlaying each other
Satellite
Macro-Cell
Micro-Cell
Urban
In-Building
Pico-Cell
Global
Suburban
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19. W-CDMA
– Operates in the same manner as the CDMA used in
the US
• CDMA allows multiple users to communicate at the same
time over the same frequency
• Each of the devices is given a “Chipping code” this is known
by the device and the base station.
• This chipping code is then used to identify the signal and
allows the BS to receive the signal
• The chipping code is used to adjust the frequency of data
transferred during the transfer
• The essential point of CDMA is the use of power control

20. W-CDMA (cont..)
• W-CDMA
– Wideband CDMA operates the same but this takes
place over a wider area of frequency
• UMTS uses 5MHz for the signal
• CDMA (narrowband) uses 200 KHz
• These communications are secure by the
nature that unless the chipping code is known, the sequence
of the data can not be known
• Communications can take place as soon as the device is
ready and frequency reuse factor is now one
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21. W-CDMA Sphere

22. Frequency Reuse Factor
– Frequency Reuse Factor
• This is the distance which needs to be left between cells
• As the same frequency is reused and the chipping code
which is used is change and unique to a BS
• The frequency can be reused in adjoining cells
• Temporary Base stations can be added to the infrastructure
if required, as long as the chipping code was unique
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23. 3G UMTS Core Network
The core network for 3G will remain the same as GSM
• GSM phase 1/2 core network elements—Mobile services switching
center (MSC), visitor location register (VLR), home location
register (HLR), authentication center (AuC), and equipment identity
register (EIR)
• GPRS network elements—Serving GPRS support node (SGSN)
and gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)
• UMTS-specific network elements—User equipment (UE) and
UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) elements
GSM UMTS
Mobile device/station (MS) User Equipment (UE)
Base Station (BS) Node-B
Base Station Controller (BSC) Radio Network Controller (RNC)
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24. GSM VS UMTS

25. Categories of Network Elements
• GSM phase 1/2 core network elements
Mobile services switching center (MSC), visitor location
register (VLR), home location register (HLR),
authentication center (AuC), and equipment identity
register (EIR)
• GPRS network elements—Serving GPRS support node
(SGSN) and gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)
• UMTS-specific network elements—User equipment (UE)
and UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN)
elements

26. UMTS Infrastructure
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27. UE (User Equipment)
o USIM (UMTS Subscriber Identity Module)
is a smart card that holds the subscriber
identity, subscribed services, authentication
and encryption keys
o ME (Mobile Equipment)
is the single or multimode terminal used for
radio communication
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28. UTRAN
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
o Node B
Performs the air interface processing
Can operate a group of
antennas/radios
o RNC (Radio Network Controller)
Operating role
1. RNC manage cells and base station
Serving Role
1. RNC manages radio connections
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29. CN
(CORE NETWORK)
o CIRCUIT SWITCHED:
 Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
 Gateway MSC (GMSC)
o PACKED SWITCHED:
 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
 Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
o SHARED:
 Home Location Register (HLR)
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30. The Core Network
– Asynchronous Transfer Method (ATM)
• Has been defined as the core networking technology
– ATM allows circuit switched transfer of data using
packets.
– High speed data transfer – currently maximum 10
Gbps
– Guarantee of quality of service for the duration of
packet transfer
– Small packets used called cells for the transfer of
data to minimise the
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31. VHE(Virtual Home)
• Virtual Home
– As a part of the ITU standard the Virtual Home
Environment (VHE) will be supported.
– In 2G a VLR was used to allow the transfer of personal
information
– A VHE will take this one stage further
• This will provide a common look and feel interface
• This is independent of the location, connecting network and
device
• It is envisaged that this will be used on both circuit switched
and packet switched networks
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32. Handover
•UMTS will use a soft handover technique
– GSM used a hard handover technique
– In a handover the device is always attached to at
least one BS
Node-B Node-B Node-B Node-B Node-B Node-B
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33. Frequency Allocation
• Use of radio frequency bands of the electromagnetic
spectrum is regulated by governments in most countries,
in a Spectrum management process known
as frequency allocation or spectrum allocation.

34. Frequency Allocation
UMTS Band :
1900-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz for 3G transmission.
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35. Allocated Frequencies
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36. 3G Advantages
• High-speed data transmission
• Improved voice quality
• Greater capacity
• Multi simultaneous services
• Global roaming across networks
• Improved security
• Service flexibility

37. Applications
• Wide area wireless telephone
• Mobile internet access
• Video calls
• Videoconferencing
o Computer replacement
– Blackberry
– Smart Phones
– Tablets
• Credit Card replacement

38. Uses
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39. Tele Medicine

40. Disadvantages of 3G
• Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses
• It is challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G
• Expense of 3Gphones
• Lack of buy-in by 2Gmobile users for new 3G wireless
services
• Large cell phones

41. Conclusion
• 3G is an exciting new technology that is being
incorporated into mobile devices across the globe.Users
are now able to make person-to-person calls,download
data and do a variety of other tasks they never imagined
possible all via their 3G cell phones.