This document summarizes the different generations of mobile networks from 0G to 4G. It provides details on the key technologies and standards of each generation including 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, LTE, and 4G. The main technologies discussed are TDMA, CDMA, GSM, UMTS, WCDMA, LTE, and MIMO. It highlights the increasing data speeds and capabilities from early analog networks to current digital networks that support broadband internet access on mobile devices.

1. MOBILE
GENERATIONS
PRESENTED BY :-
HIMANSHU
KAMBOJ
SUBMITTED TO:-
Mr. GAGANDEEP
MAKKAR

2. CONTENT
S1. 0G(Zero Generation )
2. 1G(FIRST GENRATION)
3. 2G(SECOND GENERATION)
i. CDMA
ii. TDMA
iii. ADEVANTAGE
iv. DISADVANTAG
4.3G(THIRD GENERATION)
i. WCDMA/ UMTS
5.LTE(LONG TERM EVOLUTION)
6.4G(FOURTH GENERATION)
i. AD Hock Network
ii. MIMO
iii. ADVANTAGE

3. MOBILE GENERATIONS
• 0G
• 1G
• 2G(EDGE)
• 3G
• 3.5G
• 4G(LTE)
• 4.5G(Still in progress)
• 5G(Still in progress)

4. 0G (ZERO GENERATION
MOBILE SYSTEM)
At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to users
in cars to the public land-line based telephone
network.
In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems,
called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS),
brought quite a few improvements such as “direct
dialing” and more “bandwidth”. The very first
analog systems were based upon IMTS and were
created in the late 60s and early 70s.

5. 1G (FIRST
GENRATION)
1G refers to the first-generation of
wireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970’s.
1G had two major improvements:
• the invention of the microprocessor
• the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal

6. 2G (SECOND GENERATION)
2G were launched in1990 and Network are based on Digital radio
signal.
2G Introduced data services SMS, MMS ,Picture message .
2G work with GSM.
2G Technology can be divided into , i-) TDMA ii-) CDMA .
2G Gives, Theortically-50kb/s and Practically-40kb/s data speed
with GPRS And with EDGA-1Mb/s.
2G Network were build mainly for voice service and slow data
transmission However, 2G Network are still used in most part of
the world.
Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

7. DEFINITIONS
TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access.
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access.

8. CDMA
Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Technologies
Each phone call is uniquely encoded and transmitted across
the entire spectrum, in a manner known as spread
spectrum transmission.
In CDMA a locally generated code runs at a much higher
rate than data to transmitted.
Data for transmission combined via bitwise XOR with the
faster code.

9. CDMA

10. TDMA
TDMA - Time Division
Multiple Access .
• Each phone call is allocated
a spot in the frequency for
a small amount of time,
and "takes turns" being
transmitted.

11. 2G
Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s
Digital signal:
• 1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
• and 4.Falling edge

12. 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals
that require less battery.
• Power–CODEC introduction -program
that encodes and decodes digital data
stream or signal.
• Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa.

13. 2G

14. ADVANTAGES IN 2G
 The digital voice encoding allows digital error
checking.
• increase sound quality.
• lowers the noise level.
 Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of
digital data transfer.
• SMS –“short message service”.
• E-mail .

15. DISADVANTAGES IN 2G
 Cell towers had a limited coverage area.
• Jagged Decay curve.
• Abrupt dropped calls.
• Analog –gradual sound reduction.
 “Spotty” coverage.

16. 3G (THIRD GENERATION)
 3G were launched in 2000 and is based on a set of
standard use for mobile devices .
 3G Designed for voice with some data
consideration ( multimedia, text, internet).
 3G works with WCDMA/UMTS(Universal mobile
telecommunication system)..
 3G worked on WAN and its information transfer
rate-200kb/s.

17. 3G
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities .
 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile
systems and up to 2Mbps.
 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz.
• A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth.
• High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G.

18. 3G
UMTS is third generation mobile cellular system for network
based on GSM standard. Developed and maintained by 3GPP
(Third generation partnership project).
UMTS specifies a complete network system, which include
the radio access network.
 UMTS supports max. theoretical data transfer rates of 42
Mbit/s.
 UMTS also specifies the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
Network (UTRAN).
(Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System)

19. WCDMA/UMTS
BACKGROUND AND
EVOLUTION
2000 2002 2004 2006 2007200520032001
3GPP Rel -99
12/99
3GPP Rel 4
03/01
3GPP Rel 5
03/02
3GPP Rel 6
2H/04
3GPP Rel 7
06/07
Further Releases
Japan
Europe
(pre-commercial)
Europe
(commercial)
HSDPA
(commercial)
HSUPA
(commercial)

20. EVOLUTION OF
MOBILE STANDARDS
EDGE
GPRS
GSM
HSCSD
cdmaOne
(IS-95)
WCDMA
FDD
HSDPA/
HSUPA
cdma2000
TD-SCDMA
TDD LCR
cdma2000
1XEV - DO
cdma2000
1XEV - DV
TD-
CDMA
TDD
HCR
HSDPA/
HSUPA
LTE
3G

21. CURRENT WCDMA MARKETS
GSM+WCDMA share
currently over 86%.
CDMA share decreasing
every year.
source: http://www.wcisdata.com/

22. 3G
CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
• Form of multiplexing.
• Does not divide up the channel by time or
frequency.
Encodes data with a special code
associated with each channel.

23. 3G

24. FDMA – Frequency Division
Multiple Access.
• Each phone call is
allocated one frequency
for the entire duration of
the call.

25. REASONS FOR NEW
RESEARCH
Even though 3G has successfully been
introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses.
Great differences in the licensing terms.
3G phones are expensive.

26. WHAT IS LTE?
It is the path followed to achieve 4G speeds.
LTE stands for Long Term Evolution.
Next Generation mobile broadband technology.
Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mb/s.
Based on UMTS 3G technology.
Optimized for All-IP traffic.

27. COMPARISON OF LTE
SPEED

28. 4G (FOURTH GENERATION)

29. Fourth Generation Technology
Faster and more reliable.
100 Mb/s .
Lower cost than previous generations.
Multi-standard wireless system.
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless .
Ad Hoc Networking(WANET).
IPv6 Core(internet protocol version 6)..
OFDM used instead of CDMA.
Most information is proprietary.
WHAT IS 4G?

30. 4G
First used in south Korea in 2007
and first release LONG TERM
EVOLUTION(LTE) In Norway,
and Sweden.
4G is based on IP technology and
designed Primarily Data.
4G gives 100Mb/s(theoretically)
and peak upload 50Mb/s data
speed.

31.  4GWorked on WAN or LAN.
 4G Mobile communication will have transmission
rate up to 20Mb/s, higher then of 3G, and we can
send data much faster then that of the previous
generation.
 4G Will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate,
wide mobile area, more various services, lower cost,
etc.
4G

32. AD HOC NETWORKS
Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices.
Not necessarily
connected to internet..
4G will create hybrid
wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks.
Form of mesh
networking–Very
reliable.
Source:- Wikipedia

33. MULTIPLE-INPUT AND MULTIPLE-
OUTPUT
MIMO has become an
essential element of wireless
communication standards
including HSPA(3G),
WiMAX(4G), and LTE(4G).
In MIMO system, a
transmitter sends multiple
stream by multiple transmit
antennas.

34. MULTIPLE-INPUT AND MULTIPLE-
OUTPUT

35. TELECOM COMPANIES DEVELOPING
4G
NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN)
DIGIWEB (IRELAND)
SPRINT (CHICAGO)
VERIZON WIRELESS
VODAFONE GROUP
AMERICAN WIRELESS PROVIDER
CLEARWIRE ETC..

36. GENERATIONS TIMELINE
Technology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G
Design 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000
Implementation 1984 1991 1999 2002 2010
service Analog voice Digital voice,
SMS
Higher capacity,
packetized data,
MMS
Higher capacity,
Broadband data
Higher
capacity,
completely IP,
multimedia
Standard AMPS, TACS,
NMT
TDMA, TACS
GSM, PDC
GPRS, EDGE WCDMA
CDMA 2000
Single
standard
Data bandwidth 1.9kb/s 14.4 kb/s 384 kb/s 2 Mb/s 200 Mb/s
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA, CDMA TDMA, CDMA CDMA CDMA
Core Network PSTN PSTN PSTN, packet
network
Packet network Internet

37. ADVANTAGES
 High Speed:– Data Rate of 100 Mb/s for mobile and 1 Gb/s
while stationary.
 Global Standard:-4G will be a global standard that provides
global mobility and service portability so that service provider
will no longer be limited by single-system.
 Low Cost:– Access technologies, services and applications can
unlimitedly be run through wireless backbone over wire-line
backbone using IP address.

38. CONCLUSION
 As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts
have been made to reduce a number of technologies to a
single global standard.
 4G seems to be a very promising generation of wireless
communication that will change the people’s life in the
wireless world.

39. Thank
You
For
Your
Attention!