Evolution of microprocrssor
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Evolution of microprocessor 1.)what is microprocessor 2.)generation of microprocessor 1st generartion 2nd generation 3rd genetration 4th generation 5th genetaion
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Ba401 Intel Corporation Part2
Ted Hoff at Intel invented the microprocessor to fulfill a contract from Busicom for calculator chips. The set of chips included a central processing unit chip called the 4004, which came to be known as the first microprocessor. While the 4004 had limited capabilities, Intel continued developing microprocessors through the 8008, 8080, 8086 and beyond, with each new model offering increased capabilities. These microprocessors helped establish Intel as the dominant maker of microprocessors, outcompeting early rivals like Motorola.
Microprocessors historical background
The document discusses the history and evolution of microprocessors over five generations from 1971 to the present. It describes some of the key microprocessors released during each generation, including the Intel 4004 (first microprocessor), Intel 8080, Intel 8086 (first 16-bit microprocessor), Intel 80386 (first 32-bit microprocessor), and Intel Core i7. It also discusses mobile microprocessors and prominent companies that design them like Qualcomm and Snapdragon, and MediaTek.
Generations of Computers
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes from 1946-1957 and were large, expensive, unreliable, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors from 1956-1963, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation from 1964-1970 used integrated circuits, improving speed and memory while reducing size and cost. The fourth generation from 1971-present used microprocessors and VLSI chips, making computers smaller, more powerful, and affordable with a variety of software. The goal of the ongoing fifth generation is to develop artificial intelligence for natural language understanding and thinking capabilities.
Evolution of Computing Microprocessors and SoCs
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from the early 4004 chip in 1969 to modern multi-core processors. It highlights several generations of Intel x86 processors including the 4004, 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and later processors using the Core microarchitecture. Each new generation brought improvements like higher clock speeds, additional instructions sets, and architectural changes like pipelining to improve performance. The Pentium 4 introduced the NetBurst microarchitecture with a 20-stage pipeline and new capabilities like hyperthreading.
Fourth Generation Computers
The document discusses developments in computer technology in the 1970s and 1980s. It describes how large-scale and very large-scale integration allowed the entire processor and even simple full computers to fit on a single chip. It also mentions core memories being replaced by semiconductor memories and the dominance of high-speed vector processors like Cray 1, Cray XMP, and Cyber 205.
History of intel microprocessors
The document provides a history of Intel microprocessors from their first 4-bit microprocessor, the 4004 introduced in 1971, through early 8-bit and 16-bit processors like the 8008, 8080, and 8086, and describes the introduction of 32-bit processors like the 80386 and 64-bit processors such as the Pentium, Core i3, i5, and i7. It details key specifications and improvements in each generation such as increased clock speeds, expanded bus widths and memory capacity, and growing transistor counts, charting Intel's progression toward more powerful multi-core 64-bit processors.
Generations of Computer
This document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, slow machines. The second generation used transistors, making computers smaller, faster and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers even smaller. The fourth generation used microprocessors, allowing all components to be placed on a single chip. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.
Five generations-of-computers
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1940 to the present. The first generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes, were large and expensive. The second generation (1956-1963) used transistors instead of vacuum tubes and introduced high-level programming languages. The third generation (1964-1971) used integrated circuits and interacted through keyboards/monitors. The fourth generation (1971-present) placed all components on a single microprocessor chip and introduced GUIs. The fifth generation (present and beyond) focuses on artificial intelligence using parallel processing and superconductors.
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Ba401 Intel Corporation Part2
Ted Hoff at Intel invented the microprocessor to fulfill a contract from Busicom for calculator chips. The set of chips included a central processing unit chip called the 4004, which came to be known as the first microprocessor. While the 4004 had limited capabilities, Intel continued developing microprocessors through the 8008, 8080, 8086 and beyond, with each new model offering increased capabilities. These microprocessors helped establish Intel as the dominant maker of microprocessors, outcompeting early rivals like Motorola.
Microprocessors historical background
The document discusses the history and evolution of microprocessors over five generations from 1971 to the present. It describes some of the key microprocessors released during each generation, including the Intel 4004 (first microprocessor), Intel 8080, Intel 8086 (first 16-bit microprocessor), Intel 80386 (first 32-bit microprocessor), and Intel Core i7. It also discusses mobile microprocessors and prominent companies that design them like Qualcomm and Snapdragon, and MediaTek.
Generations of Computers
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes from 1946-1957 and were large, expensive, unreliable, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors from 1956-1963, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation from 1964-1970 used integrated circuits, improving speed and memory while reducing size and cost. The fourth generation from 1971-present used microprocessors and VLSI chips, making computers smaller, more powerful, and affordable with a variety of software. The goal of the ongoing fifth generation is to develop artificial intelligence for natural language understanding and thinking capabilities.
Evolution of Computing Microprocessors and SoCs
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from the early 4004 chip in 1969 to modern multi-core processors. It highlights several generations of Intel x86 processors including the 4004, 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and later processors using the Core microarchitecture. Each new generation brought improvements like higher clock speeds, additional instructions sets, and architectural changes like pipelining to improve performance. The Pentium 4 introduced the NetBurst microarchitecture with a 20-stage pipeline and new capabilities like hyperthreading.
Fourth Generation Computers
The document discusses developments in computer technology in the 1970s and 1980s. It describes how large-scale and very large-scale integration allowed the entire processor and even simple full computers to fit on a single chip. It also mentions core memories being replaced by semiconductor memories and the dominance of high-speed vector processors like Cray 1, Cray XMP, and Cyber 205.
History of intel microprocessors
The document provides a history of Intel microprocessors from their first 4-bit microprocessor, the 4004 introduced in 1971, through early 8-bit and 16-bit processors like the 8008, 8080, and 8086, and describes the introduction of 32-bit processors like the 80386 and 64-bit processors such as the Pentium, Core i3, i5, and i7. It details key specifications and improvements in each generation such as increased clock speeds, expanded bus widths and memory capacity, and growing transistor counts, charting Intel's progression toward more powerful multi-core 64-bit processors.
Generations of Computer
This document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, slow machines. The second generation used transistors, making computers smaller, faster and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers even smaller. The fourth generation used microprocessors, allowing all components to be placed on a single chip. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.
Five generations-of-computers
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1940 to the present. The first generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes, were large and expensive. The second generation (1956-1963) used transistors instead of vacuum tubes and introduced high-level programming languages. The third generation (1964-1971) used integrated circuits and interacted through keyboards/monitors. The fourth generation (1971-present) placed all components on a single microprocessor chip and introduced GUIs. The fifth generation (present and beyond) focuses on artificial intelligence using parallel processing and superconductors.
Assmemble langauge for slideshare.net
This document provides a historical overview of microprocessors and computer development. It discusses early mechanical calculators and how the advent of electricity led to programs being stored electronically using punched cards. It then summarizes the development of early general purpose computers like ENIAC and Colossus. The document outlines the development of early microprocessors like the Intel 4004 and the evolution of 8-bit and 16-bit processors like the Intel 8086. It discusses early programming languages and the creation of the first personal computers. Finally, it briefly mentions the development of 32-bit processors like the Intel 80386.
The irresistible and necessary touch between supercomputers and embedded systems
High performance computing and embedded systems are converging due to their shared needs for increased computing power and power efficiency. Both fields require hardware acceleration and parallel processing to handle demanding artificial intelligence workloads. There is potential for embedded devices and supercomputers to share computing technologies and chip architectures in the future, such as 7-5-3nm semiconductor processes, 3D stacked memories, and chip-let designs, to meet their common computational challenges within strict power budgets.
3rd generation computer
The document discusses the key aspects of 3rd generation computers including:
- They used integrated circuits which made computers smaller, more reliable and efficient. Popular systems included the IBM 360 and PDP-11.
- High-level languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were commonly used which improved programming productivity.
- Features included smaller size, lower power consumption, faster speed and lower maintenance costs compared to prior generations.
History and Generation of Computer
This presentation summarizes the history and generations of computers. It begins with early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus and Napier's bones. The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. The second generation saw the introduction of transistors while the third used integrated circuits, making computers smaller. The fourth generation used microprocessors and VLSI chips. Current computers represent the fifth generation and incorporate artificial intelligence capabilities. The generations mark transitions in the underlying hardware and software technologies used to build computer systems over time.
16329032 generation-of-computers
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1951 to the present and future fifth generation. It describes the key technological developments across generations including the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits and microprocessors. Each generation brought increases in speed, reliability and decreases in size and power consumption. Applications expanded from scientific to business and personal use with the development of programming languages, operating systems, software and declining costs. The fifth generation may include intelligent systems using parallel processing, expert systems and natural language interfaces.
Generation of computer
The document discusses the five generations of computers. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large in size. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller. The third generation used integrated circuits which further reduced size and improved performance. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence and robotics. Each generation brought improvements in size, performance and capabilities through technological advancements in components.
Processor
The document discusses different microprocessors including the 8086, Pentium, Intel Core i7, i5, i3, Core 2 Solo, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, and Core 2 Extreme. It provides details on each processor such as the 8086 being Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor from 1976, the Pentium being introduced in 1993, and the Intel Core family being the current mid-range to high-end processors including the i7, i5, and i3.
Generation of computers
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and punched cards for storage. The second generation introduced transistors and magnetic core memory. The third generation brought integrated circuits and time sharing operating systems. The fourth generation featured microprocessors, PCs, GUIs, and UNIX. The fifth generation includes notebook computers, the internet, web technologies, and internet-based applications.
Intel processors
The document provides a brief history of Intel processors from 1971 to 2000. It summarizes each processor model, highlighting key specs and their impact. The 4004 was Intel's first microprocessor, powering calculators. The 8008 was twice as powerful. The 8080 was used in the Altair, inspiring the PC revolution. The 8088 powered the IBM PC. Later chips like the 286, 386, and 486 added more power and capabilities. The Pentium brought multimedia and became a household name. Advances continued with models like the Celeron, Xeon, and Pentium 4, bringing more performance for applications like video and internet use.
Intel
Founded in 1968, Intel initially produced memory chips but is best known for developing the world's first microprocessor in 1971 which helped launch the personal computer industry. As competition increased in the 1980s from cheaper clones, Intel realized it needed to innovate faster through shorter development cycles and a campaign called "Intel Inside" to educate consumers about its processors. These strategies helped Intel address challenges like keeping up with demand and evolving PC architectures.
Computer generations
The document summarizes the five generations of computers based on their underlying technologies. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used microprocessors, and the fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence using ULSI technology. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, reliability, and capabilities over previous generations as new technologies were developed and adopted.
Generation of computers
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. But nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system.
Retrocomputers as Hacking Platforms
Retrocomputing involves using old computer hardware and software as a hobby rather than for practical purposes. The Commodore 64 from 1982 is highlighted as being very hackable due to its accessible architecture and I/O ports. Hobbyist projects have expanded the C64's capabilities for music, mass storage, networking, overclocking, and teleoperation. The C64 remains a popular platform for hacking and creative projects today due to its low-level programmability and large community of enthusiasts.
History of microprocessors
This document is a student's report on the history of microprocessors from 4-bit to 64-bit models. It outlines the major microprocessor models released by Intel from the 4004 in 1971 to the current multi-core 64-bit Core i7 models. For each generation of processors, details are given on specifications like clock speed, transistor count, cache memory and capabilities. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of microprocessor technology and performance over decades.
History of amd and intel processors
AMD was founded in 1969 and produced its first CPU in 1974 by cloning Intel's 8080 design. AMD and Intel had an agreement where AMD manufactured Intel-designed CPUs, but AMD realized it needed to design its own processors for complexity and began designing the AMD K5 in 1996. Intel was founded in 1968 and introduced its first microprocessor, the four-bit 4004 in 1971 which had a max clock speed of 740khz and used 2300 transistors, followed by the 8088 CPU in 1979.
Lecture1
This document provides a history of microprocessors and microcontrollers from the 1950s to the present. It discusses the development of early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors by Intel and other companies in the 1970s and the creation of the first 16-bit and 32-bit processors in the late 1970s and 1980s. It also defines microprocessors, microcontrollers, and embedded systems. A microprocessor is a single-chip CPU while a microcontroller contains a CPU with on-chip memory and I/O. Embedded systems use microcontrollers to perform specific predefined tasks inside devices.
ages of computer...................
This document summarizes the generations of computers. It discusses the characteristics of first through fifth generation computers. The first generation used machine-level programming directly input through computer switches without compilers or assemblers. The second generation saw the development of video game consoles. The third generation introduced integrated circuits which miniaturized transistors onto chips. The fourth generation enabled entire processors and even computers to fit on single chips. The fifth generation was focused on parallel processing and artificial intelligence through large government projects in Japan and Russia.
2nd generation of computer
This document discusses the key features of 2nd generation computers, which used transistors and were built between 1959-1963. Some examples include the IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604 and CDC 3600. 2nd generation computers were more reliable than 1st generation ones due to their smaller size and production of less heat. While faster and more efficient than previous models, 2nd generation computers remained very costly and required AC power. They also supported machine and assembly languages.
History of microprocessors copy
The document summarizes the five generations of microprocessor development from 1971 to the present. It discusses the major microprocessors from each generation, including their specifications and technologies. The first generation in the 1970s included 4-bit and 8-bit processors from Intel and other companies. The second generation saw the rise of 8-bit processors. The third generation was dominated by 16-bit processors. The fourth generation introduced 32-bit processors, and the fifth generation included 64-bit processors and dual/quad-core CPUs with improved speeds and functionality. Key Intel processors from each generation are described in detail across multiple slides.
Mp evolution
The document outlines the evolution of microprocessors over 5 generations from 1971 to present. It discusses the major developments including the introduction of the first microprocessor by Intel in 1971. Subsequent generations brought improvements like 8-bit processors in the second generation, 16-bit processors in the third, and 32-bit processors in the fourth generation. The fifth generation emphasized 64-bit processors and improvements in speed and on-chip functionality.
Ba401 Intel Corporation
1. Intel had lost significant market share in the DRAM business by 1984 as Japanese competitors improved their process technology and reduced costs faster than Intel. Intel struggled to transition to smaller geometries like the 64K generation.
2. Intel attempted to differentiate its DRAMs by transitioning to CMOS technology and implementing redundancy techniques, but these efforts did not stop the decline in market share.
3. With NMOS DRAM prices falling rapidly in 1984, Intel was left with less than 4% of the 256K market and no presence in 64K DRAMs. Management debated whether to exit DRAMs entirely or pursue licensing and partnership options to regain leadership in the 1-megabit generation.
Evolution of Microprocessor
The document summarizes the evolution of microprocessors across five generations from 1971 to present. It describes the key developments including the first microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1971 called the 4004. Subsequent generations saw the development of 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microprocessors using newer technologies that improved speed and density. The fifth generation is dominated by Intel processors like Pentium and multi-core CPUs that can exceed speeds of 1GHz.
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Assmemble langauge for slideshare.net
This document provides a historical overview of microprocessors and computer development. It discusses early mechanical calculators and how the advent of electricity led to programs being stored electronically using punched cards. It then summarizes the development of early general purpose computers like ENIAC and Colossus. The document outlines the development of early microprocessors like the Intel 4004 and the evolution of 8-bit and 16-bit processors like the Intel 8086. It discusses early programming languages and the creation of the first personal computers. Finally, it briefly mentions the development of 32-bit processors like the Intel 80386.
The irresistible and necessary touch between supercomputers and embedded systems
High performance computing and embedded systems are converging due to their shared needs for increased computing power and power efficiency. Both fields require hardware acceleration and parallel processing to handle demanding artificial intelligence workloads. There is potential for embedded devices and supercomputers to share computing technologies and chip architectures in the future, such as 7-5-3nm semiconductor processes, 3D stacked memories, and chip-let designs, to meet their common computational challenges within strict power budgets.
3rd generation computer
The document discusses the key aspects of 3rd generation computers including:
- They used integrated circuits which made computers smaller, more reliable and efficient. Popular systems included the IBM 360 and PDP-11.
- High-level languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were commonly used which improved programming productivity.
- Features included smaller size, lower power consumption, faster speed and lower maintenance costs compared to prior generations.
History and Generation of Computer
This presentation summarizes the history and generations of computers. It begins with early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus and Napier's bones. The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. The second generation saw the introduction of transistors while the third used integrated circuits, making computers smaller. The fourth generation used microprocessors and VLSI chips. Current computers represent the fifth generation and incorporate artificial intelligence capabilities. The generations mark transitions in the underlying hardware and software technologies used to build computer systems over time.
16329032 generation-of-computers
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1951 to the present and future fifth generation. It describes the key technological developments across generations including the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits and microprocessors. Each generation brought increases in speed, reliability and decreases in size and power consumption. Applications expanded from scientific to business and personal use with the development of programming languages, operating systems, software and declining costs. The fifth generation may include intelligent systems using parallel processing, expert systems and natural language interfaces.
Generation of computer
The document discusses the five generations of computers. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large in size. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller. The third generation used integrated circuits which further reduced size and improved performance. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence and robotics. Each generation brought improvements in size, performance and capabilities through technological advancements in components.
Processor
The document discusses different microprocessors including the 8086, Pentium, Intel Core i7, i5, i3, Core 2 Solo, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, and Core 2 Extreme. It provides details on each processor such as the 8086 being Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor from 1976, the Pentium being introduced in 1993, and the Intel Core family being the current mid-range to high-end processors including the i7, i5, and i3.
Generation of computers
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and punched cards for storage. The second generation introduced transistors and magnetic core memory. The third generation brought integrated circuits and time sharing operating systems. The fourth generation featured microprocessors, PCs, GUIs, and UNIX. The fifth generation includes notebook computers, the internet, web technologies, and internet-based applications.
Intel processors
The document provides a brief history of Intel processors from 1971 to 2000. It summarizes each processor model, highlighting key specs and their impact. The 4004 was Intel's first microprocessor, powering calculators. The 8008 was twice as powerful. The 8080 was used in the Altair, inspiring the PC revolution. The 8088 powered the IBM PC. Later chips like the 286, 386, and 486 added more power and capabilities. The Pentium brought multimedia and became a household name. Advances continued with models like the Celeron, Xeon, and Pentium 4, bringing more performance for applications like video and internet use.
Intel
Founded in 1968, Intel initially produced memory chips but is best known for developing the world's first microprocessor in 1971 which helped launch the personal computer industry. As competition increased in the 1980s from cheaper clones, Intel realized it needed to innovate faster through shorter development cycles and a campaign called "Intel Inside" to educate consumers about its processors. These strategies helped Intel address challenges like keeping up with demand and evolving PC architectures.
Computer generations
The document summarizes the five generations of computers based on their underlying technologies. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used microprocessors, and the fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence using ULSI technology. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, reliability, and capabilities over previous generations as new technologies were developed and adopted.
Generation of computers
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. But nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system.
Retrocomputers as Hacking Platforms
Retrocomputing involves using old computer hardware and software as a hobby rather than for practical purposes. The Commodore 64 from 1982 is highlighted as being very hackable due to its accessible architecture and I/O ports. Hobbyist projects have expanded the C64's capabilities for music, mass storage, networking, overclocking, and teleoperation. The C64 remains a popular platform for hacking and creative projects today due to its low-level programmability and large community of enthusiasts.
History of microprocessors
This document is a student's report on the history of microprocessors from 4-bit to 64-bit models. It outlines the major microprocessor models released by Intel from the 4004 in 1971 to the current multi-core 64-bit Core i7 models. For each generation of processors, details are given on specifications like clock speed, transistor count, cache memory and capabilities. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of microprocessor technology and performance over decades.
History of amd and intel processors
AMD was founded in 1969 and produced its first CPU in 1974 by cloning Intel's 8080 design. AMD and Intel had an agreement where AMD manufactured Intel-designed CPUs, but AMD realized it needed to design its own processors for complexity and began designing the AMD K5 in 1996. Intel was founded in 1968 and introduced its first microprocessor, the four-bit 4004 in 1971 which had a max clock speed of 740khz and used 2300 transistors, followed by the 8088 CPU in 1979.
Lecture1
This document provides a history of microprocessors and microcontrollers from the 1950s to the present. It discusses the development of early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors by Intel and other companies in the 1970s and the creation of the first 16-bit and 32-bit processors in the late 1970s and 1980s. It also defines microprocessors, microcontrollers, and embedded systems. A microprocessor is a single-chip CPU while a microcontroller contains a CPU with on-chip memory and I/O. Embedded systems use microcontrollers to perform specific predefined tasks inside devices.
ages of computer...................
This document summarizes the generations of computers. It discusses the characteristics of first through fifth generation computers. The first generation used machine-level programming directly input through computer switches without compilers or assemblers. The second generation saw the development of video game consoles. The third generation introduced integrated circuits which miniaturized transistors onto chips. The fourth generation enabled entire processors and even computers to fit on single chips. The fifth generation was focused on parallel processing and artificial intelligence through large government projects in Japan and Russia.
2nd generation of computer
This document discusses the key features of 2nd generation computers, which used transistors and were built between 1959-1963. Some examples include the IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604 and CDC 3600. 2nd generation computers were more reliable than 1st generation ones due to their smaller size and production of less heat. While faster and more efficient than previous models, 2nd generation computers remained very costly and required AC power. They also supported machine and assembly languages.
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The irresistible and necessary touch between supercomputers and embedded systems
The irresistible and necessary touch between supercomputers and embedded systems
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History of microprocessors copy
The document summarizes the five generations of microprocessor development from 1971 to the present. It discusses the major microprocessors from each generation, including their specifications and technologies. The first generation in the 1970s included 4-bit and 8-bit processors from Intel and other companies. The second generation saw the rise of 8-bit processors. The third generation was dominated by 16-bit processors. The fourth generation introduced 32-bit processors, and the fifth generation included 64-bit processors and dual/quad-core CPUs with improved speeds and functionality. Key Intel processors from each generation are described in detail across multiple slides.
Mp evolution
The document outlines the evolution of microprocessors over 5 generations from 1971 to present. It discusses the major developments including the introduction of the first microprocessor by Intel in 1971. Subsequent generations brought improvements like 8-bit processors in the second generation, 16-bit processors in the third, and 32-bit processors in the fourth generation. The fifth generation emphasized 64-bit processors and improvements in speed and on-chip functionality.
Ba401 Intel Corporation
1. Intel had lost significant market share in the DRAM business by 1984 as Japanese competitors improved their process technology and reduced costs faster than Intel. Intel struggled to transition to smaller geometries like the 64K generation.
2. Intel attempted to differentiate its DRAMs by transitioning to CMOS technology and implementing redundancy techniques, but these efforts did not stop the decline in market share.
3. With NMOS DRAM prices falling rapidly in 1984, Intel was left with less than 4% of the 256K market and no presence in 64K DRAMs. Management debated whether to exit DRAMs entirely or pursue licensing and partnership options to regain leadership in the 1-megabit generation.
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The document summarizes the evolution of microprocessors across five generations from 1971 to present. It describes the key developments including the first microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1971 called the 4004. Subsequent generations saw the development of 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microprocessors using newer technologies that improved speed and density. The fifth generation is dominated by Intel processors like Pentium and multi-core CPUs that can exceed speeds of 1GHz.
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The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors over five generations from 1971 to present. The first generation used PMOS technology and included 4-bit and 8-bit processors like the Intel 4004. The second generation used NMOS technology and had 8-bit processors like the Intel 8080. The third generation used 16-bit processors made with HMOS technology like the Intel 8086. Fourth generation processors were 32-bit like the Intel 80486 and used HCMOS technology. The latest fifth generation includes advanced 32-bit processors like Intel Pentium that can execute multiple instructions per clock cycle and achieve processing speeds over 3GHz.
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The document discusses the history and types of microprocessors. It notes that the microprocessor was born out of reducing the word size of CPUs to fit logic circuits onto a single integrated circuit. It then discusses notable 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microprocessor designs from companies like Intel, Motorola, and Texas Instruments. The document also covers topics like RISC processors, multi-core processors, special-purpose microprocessors, and common microprocessor architectures.
MICROCONTROLLRES NOTES.pdf
The document provides an overview of the history and development of microprocessors. It discusses how the invention of the transistor led to the development of integrated circuits and eventually microprocessors. The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004 designed in 1971. This began the shift to smaller and more affordable personal computers. The document then discusses the architecture of the 8085 microprocessor, including its arithmetic logic unit, registers, buses, and classification based on data width and application.
Intel 8086.pptx
A short brief on Intel 8086 Microprocessor.
The 8086 was a significant improvement over its predecessor, the 8080. It had a number of new features, including a 16-bit data bus, a 16-bit address bus, and a segmented memory architecture. The segmented memory architecture allowed the 8086 to access more memory than the 8080, and it also made it easier to write programs for the 8086.
The 8086 was used in a number of early personal computers, including the IBM PC. It was also used in a number of other applications, such as embedded systems and industrial control systems.
The 8086 was a popular microprocessor for many years. It was discontinued in 1989, but it was still used in some systems until the early 2000s.
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This document provides an introduction to microcomputers and microprocessors. It discusses how a microprocessor is the central processing unit (CPU) of a microcomputer. A microcomputer system consists of a CPU (microprocessor), memory, and input/output devices connected by buses. The document then traces the evolution of microprocessors from the first 4-bit Intel 4004 in 1971 to more advanced 32-bit and 64-bit processors over subsequent decades. It provides details on characteristics of important processors like the Intel 8085, 8086, 80386, and Pentium series. The document concludes with information on the internal structure of the Intel 8085 microprocessor.
Microprocessors and its_applications_essay_
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from early 4-bit and 8-bit processors like the Intel 4004 and 8080, to modern 32-bit and 64-bit processors. It describes several generations and types of microprocessors, including early dedicated controllers, bit-slice processors that could be customized, and general purpose CPUs. Key microprocessors discussed include the Intel 4004, 8008, 8080, 8085, 8086, 80386, and Pentium as well as the Motorola 6800 and 68000. The architecture and features of 8-bit microprocessors like the 8085 and Z80 are explained in detail.
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A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1]
Microprocessors were invented in the 1970s for use in embedded systems. The majority are still used that way, in such things as mobile phones, cars, military weapons, and home appliances. Some microprocessors are microcontrollers, so small and inexpensive that they are used to control very simple products like flashlights and greeting cards that play music when you open them. A few especially powerful microprocessors are used in personal computers.
Intel i3 processor
The document discusses the history and architecture of Intel processors including the i3 processor. It describes the Nehalem architecture that the i3 is based on, which improved on earlier Core architectures by establishing direct point-to-point communication between cores and memory. The document provides a detailed timeline of Intel processors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Sandy Bridge in 2011, noting improvements in performance, transistor count, and features with each generation. It focuses on the i3 processor and describes its 64-bit architecture and three main designs including the Nehalem.
Microprocessors & Microcomputers Lecture Notes
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8051mc notes-121004121921-phpapp01
This document provides information about microcontrollers and the Intel 8051 microcontroller. It begins with definitions of microprocessors and microcontrollers, distinguishing that microcontrollers contain memory and I/O ports on a single chip. The Intel 8051 microcontroller is then described in detail, including its architecture, features such as 4KB program memory, 128 bytes of RAM, and I/O ports. Development tools for microcontrollers like editors, assemblers, compilers and debuggers are explained. Finally, the architecture and features of the 8051 like registers, program counter, and stack are outlined.
8051mc notes-121004121921-phpapp01
This document provides information about microcontrollers and the Intel 8051 microcontroller. It begins with definitions of microprocessors and microcontrollers, distinguishing that microcontrollers contain memory and I/O ports on a single chip. The Intel 8051 microcontroller is then described in detail, including its architecture, features such as 4KB program memory, 128 bytes of RAM, and I/O ports. Development tools for microcontrollers like editors, assemblers, compilers and debuggers are explained. Finally, the architecture and features of the 8051 like registers, program counter, and stack are outlined.
Sistem mikroprosessor
Here are the key components of a motherboard:
- CPU - The central processing unit, usually located in a CPU socket. Processes instructions and performs calculations.
- RAM slots - Slots to insert RAM modules to provide short-term storage for programs and data being actively worked on.
- Expansion slots - Slots that accept add-on cards like graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, etc. Common types include PCI, PCIe, AGP.
- BIOS chip - Basic Input/Output System firmware that controls bootup and provides an interface to hardware.
- Chipset - Integrated circuits that connect the CPU and RAM to peripherals and expansion slots. Northbridge and southbridge
History of intel microprocessors ppt
This document provides a history of microprocessors from 1971 to present. It describes the major developments including early 4-bit and 8-bit processors from Intel like the 4004 and 8080. It outlines the introduction of 16-bit processors like the 8086 and 32-bit processors such as the 80386. It discusses the evolution of Intel processors including the Pentium, Core i3, i5 and i7 lines and the transition to 64-bit architecture. The document presents details on the specifications and impact of these pivotal microprocessors over several decades of computing technology advancement.
0.2 evolution of microprocessor
The microprocessor has evolved significantly since the Intel 4004 was introduced in 1971. Early microprocessors had 4-bit architectures with limited memory addressing. Throughout the 1970s, 8-bit microprocessors became prominent with expanded addressing. In the 1980s, 16-bit and 32-bit processors allowed for greater memory and improved performance. Modern multicore 64-bit processors can have dozens of cores and address petabytes of memory.
Evolution of intel 4004 to i9.pptx
The document provides a history of Intel microprocessors from 1971 to present. It begins with Intel's first 4-bit microprocessor, the 4004, introduced in 1971. Subsequent sections cover the development of 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessors produced by Intel over several decades, along with key details about each processor such as clock speed, number of transistors, cache memory and applications. The document traces Intel's progression from early microprocessors to current multi-core 64-bit processors like the Core i9.
8051 Microcontroller Notes
The document provides an introduction to microcontrollers, specifically focusing on the Intel 8051 microcontroller. It defines microcontrollers and distinguishes them from microprocessors by noting that microcontrollers contain peripherals like RAM, ROM, I/O ports and timers on a single chip, while microprocessors require external circuitry. It then describes the architecture and features of the Intel 8051 microcontroller, including its 4KB program memory, 128 bytes of data memory, 32 general purpose registers, two timers, interrupts and I/O ports. Development tools for microcontrollers like editors, assemblers, compilers and debuggers/simulators are also discussed.
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Evolution of microprocrssor
- 2. Microprocessor is the CPU (Central processing unit) of the computer which controls the memory, I/O devices, and overall operation in the computer. Fairchild Semiconductor (found in 1957) invented the first IC in 1959. In 1968, Robert Noyce, Gorden Moore, Andrew grave resigned from Fairchild semiconductor and founded their own company INTEL.
- 3. The years of development of microprocessor is divided into five different generations. The generation is discus below.
- 4. Intel corporation introduced 4004, the first microprocessor in 1971. It is evolved from the development effort while designing a calculator chip. There were three other microprocessor in the market during the same period : 1) Rockwell International’s PPS-4 (4 bits) 2) Intel’s 8008 (8 bits) 3) National Semiconductor ‘s IMP-16 (16 bits) They were fabricated using PMOS technology which provided low cost, slow speed and low output currents. They were not compatible with TTL.
- 5. Marked the beginning of very efficient 8 bit microprocessors. Some of the popular processors were: 1) Motorola’s 6800 and 6809 2) Intel’s 8085 3) Zilog’s Z80 They were manufactured using NMOS technology. This technology offered faster speed and higher density then PMOS. It is TTL compatible.
- 6. This age is dominated by 16 bits microprocessor Some of them were: 1) Intel’s 8086/80186/80286 2) Motorola's 68000/68010 They were designed using HMOS technology. HOMS provides some advantages over NMOS as speed power product of HMOS is four times better then that of NMOS. HMOS can accommodate twice the circuit density compared to NMOS. Intel used HMOS technology to recreate 8085A and named it as 8085AH with a higher price tag.
- 7. This era marked the beginning of 32 bits microprocessors. Intel introduced 432,which was bit problematic. Then a clean 80386 in launched. Motorola introduced 68020/68030. They were fabricated using low-power version if the HMOS technology called HCMOS. Motorola introduced 32-bit RISC processor called MC88100.
- 8. This age the emphasis is on introducing chips that carry on chip functionalities and improvements in the speed of memory and I/O devices along with introduction of 64-bit microprocessors. Intel leads the show here with pentium,celeron,i3,i5,i7,dual and quad core processors working with up to 3.5 GHz speed.
- 9. Thank you