A short brief on Intel 8086 Microprocessor. The 8086 was a significant improvement over its predecessor, the 8080. It had a number of new features, including a 16-bit data bus, a 16-bit address bus, and a segmented memory architecture. The segmented memory architecture allowed the 8086 to access more memory than the 8080, and it also made it easier to write programs for the 8086. The 8086 was used in a number of early personal computers, including the IBM PC. It was also used in a number of other applications, such as embedded systems and industrial control systems. The 8086 was a popular microprocessor for many years. It was discontinued in 1989, but it was still used in some systems until the early 2000s.

1. Discovering the Intel 8086
Microprocessor
The Intel 8086 microprocessor was a revolutionary invention in modern
computing. Designed in the late 70s, its impact on technology cannot be
understated.
by Md Zawadul Ali

2. The Beginnings of Intel
1957
Founded in Mountain View, California by the
"Traitorous Eight."
1968
Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore leave
Fairchild Semiconductor to co-found Intel.
1971
Intel releases the world's first microprocessor,
the 4004, with computing power equivalent to
the ENIAC computer built in 1946.
1978
The Intel 8086 is released, and sets the
standard for future microprocessor designs.

3. Architecture and Design
1 16-bit
The 8086 was a 16-bit microprocessor,
meaning it could process data and
instructions in 16-bit chunks.
2
Memory
The processor had two memory spaces:
I/O and memory. The memory had a
capacity of 1 MB. 3 Registers
The 8086 had eight 16-bit registers that
could handle a variety of operations.
4
Bus Interface Unit
The BIU acted as a traffic controller,
guiding data between the CPU and
memory.

4. Key Features and Specifications
Die Size
The small die size of the 8086
made it easy to package and
mount on circuit boards.
Performance
The base model of the
processor had a clock speed of
5 MHz and could execute up
to 1 million instructions per
second.
Comparison to 8088
The 8088 was designed as a
low-cost alternative to the
8086, but with a lower
processing power and a
limited memory interface.

5. Technical Specifications
CPU Compatibility
The 8086's architecture was
designed with compatibility in
mind, allowing for smooth
integration into existing
systems.
16 versus 8 Bits
With its groundbreaking 16-bit
design, the 8086 delivered
enhanced processing
capabilities and expanded
memory addressing.
Memory Size
The 8086's impressive
memory capacity catered to
the demands of growing
computing applications,
paving the way for future
innovations.

6. Impact and Legacy
1 IBM PC
The 8086 was the processor used in the
original IBM PC launched in 1981,
which helped standardize personal
computing.
2 Influence on Architecture
The design principles used in the 8086
are still found in modern processors
today.
3 Foundation of Computing Industry
The 8086 is seen as a foundational component in the development of the computing industry
as it helped to create a market for personal computers.

7. Comparison with Other Microprocessors
MOS Technology
6502
The 6502 was a popular
processor used in home
computers like the
Commodore 64, but had a
limited memory interface and
slower clock speeds than the
8086.
Zilog Z80
The Z80 was a competitor of
the 8086 that had a more
versatile instruction set, but
was slower with a lower
memory capacity.
Motorola 68000
The 68000 had a 32-bit design
and was a powerful processor
used in high-end desktop
computers and workstations.

8. Applications and Uses
1 Industrial Control Systems
The 8086 was used in automation and control systems for manufacturing, energy
production, and transportation.
2 Medical Devices
The 8086 was found in early medical instruments like blood pressure monitors
and X-ray machines.
3 Early PCs
The 8086 was used as the heart of personal computers, including the original
IBM PC, the Apple Lisa, and the Compaq Portable.
4 Embedded Systems
The 8086 was used in devices such as calculators, printers, and security systems.

9. Conclusion and Future Developments
Conclusion
The Intel 8086 microprocessor was a game-
changing invention that spawned the personal
computing revolution.
Future Developments
Microprocessors continue to evolve with faster
clock speeds, increased memory capacity, and
advanced interfaces.