This document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, slow machines. The second generation used transistors, making computers smaller, faster and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers even smaller. The fourth generation used microprocessors, allowing all components to be placed on a single chip. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.

1. Lecture no : 2
Introduction to Computer/ Computer
Education
Mr. Muhammad Moazzam
MPhil Public Health
BSc BioMedical
University of the Lahore

2. Contents
• Generations of Computer

4. Computer Generations
• 1st Generation - Vacuum tubes
• 2nd Generation - Transistors
• 3rd Generation - IC(Integrated
Circuits)
• 4th Generation - Micro Processor
• 5th Generation - Artificial intelligence

5. 1-First Generation-Vacuum Tubes
• Generally, the computers built during the
World War II era are known as the first generation
computers
• These are considered the first computers, and
were extremely different from the computers we
see today
• They were designed for a specific task
• The 1st generation computers were also
extremely slow

6. 1-First Generation-Vacuum Tubes
1946 - ENIAC first electronic computer
with 18000 vacuum tubes and it weighed 80
tons.It could do 5000 additions and 360
multiplications per second
Vacuum tubes were expensive and skill
needed to manufacutre

7. Contd.
• Vacuum tubes get hot and burn out. Computer of
this generation were very large machine which air
conditioning were needed to house them

8. 2-Second Generation(1956-1963)
By 1947, the invention of the
transistor greatly changed the computer’s
developement.The transistor replaced the
large,unpractical vacuum tube in computers.
Computers came smaller,faster,more reliable
and more energy-efficent

9. 2-Second Generation(1956-1963)
• These computers make use of the transistors
invented by Bell Telephone laboratories
• They had many of the same components as the
modern- day computer
• For instance, 2nd generation computers typically
had a printer, some sort of tape or disk storage,
operating systems, stored programs, as well as
some sort of memory
• These computers were also generally more
reliable and were solid in design

10. Second Generation-Transistor:

11. 2-Second Generation Computer
(1956-1963)

12. 3- Third Generation(1964-1971)
Integrated circuits(IC) semiconductor
devices with several transistors built into one
physical component.Texas Instrument and
Fairchild both announce the integrated circuit
1959

13. 3- Third Generation(1964-1971)
• The 3rd Generation Computers were generally
much smaller in size than the 2nd and 1st
generation computers
• 3rd generation computers also contained
operating systems, which acted as overseers to the
performance of a computer and which allowed
computers to run different programs at once
• Another function of operating systems is
to make sure everything is flowing smoothly
inside the computer

14. 3- Third Generation Computer
(1964-1971)

15. Third Generation(1964-1971)

16. 4-Fourth Generation(1971-
present)
Intel 4004 chip took the integrated circuit one step
further by locating all the components of a
computer on silicon chip.
Whereas previously had manufactured to fit a special
purpose, now one microprosessor could be
manufactured and programmed to meet any
number of demands.Other Intel prosessors 8008,
8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, pentium, pentium
pro,pentium II,pentium III
and pentium IV.

17. 4-Fourth Generation(1971-present)

18. 5-Fifth Generation(present -)
• Fifth generation computer based on ariticial
intelligence,are still in developement
stage.The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make aritifical
intelligense
• Advances in Super Conductor technology will
greatly improve the speed of information
traffic
• The main goal of fifth generation to make a
device which are capable of learning and self-
organization

19. 5-Fifth Generation(present -)