The document outlines the structure of eukaryotic genes, including components such as exons (coding sequences), introns (non-coding sequences), promoter sequences (regions for transcription initiation), and terminator sequences (defining the end of transcription). It details the roles of enhancers in transcription enhancement and silencers in gene expression regulation. Additionally, it discusses the functions of 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) in mRNA stability and translation initiation.

1. EUKARYOTIC GENE
STRUCTURE
PRESENTED BY:
MA.NITYA

2. CENTAL DOGMA

4. EXONS
Expressed (Coding) sequences,
transcribed and translated.
 An exon is the portion of a gene
that codes for amino acids.
A gene starts and ends with
exons. 5’ to 3’.
Exons include both the
untranslated regions and the
protein-coding, translated regions.

5. INTRONS
Intervening (non coding) sequences.
They are removed by the process of
splicing.

6. PROMOTOR SEQUENCES
Transcriptional initiation region.
Region RNA polymerase begins.
located directly upstream or at the 5'
end.
RNA polymerase and transcription
factors bind to the promoter sequence
They define the direction of
transcription and indicate which DNA
strand will be transcribed.
Core promotor
Proximal promotor
Distal promotor.

9. TERMINATOR SEQUENCE
 to define the end of a
transcriptional unit (such as a
gene) and initiate the process of
releasing the newly synthesized
RNA from the transcription
machinery

10. ENHANCER
*enhance the transcription of an
associated gene. When bound to
transcriptional factors.
*enhancer sequences can be
positioned in both forward or
reversed sequence orientations .

11. SILENCER
 DNA sequence capable of
binding transcription
regulation factors,
called repressors.
 silencers prevent genes
from being expressed as
proteins.

12. UPSTREAM
 5’UTR serve several functions
including mRNA transport and
initiation of translation.
 Signal for addition of cap.
DOWNSTREAM
 3’UTR serves to add mRNA
stability and attachment site for
poly a tail.
 Translation termination codon.