EUKARYOTIC GENE STRUCTURE CENTRAL DOGMA EXONS INTRONS PROMOTOR & TERMINATOR SEQUENCE ENHANCER SILENCER UPSTREAM&DOWNSTREAM

1. EUKARYOTIC GENE
STRUCTURE
PRESENTED BY:
MA.NITYA

2. CENTAL DOGMA

4. EXONS
Expressed (Coding) sequences,
transcribed and translated.
 An exon is the portion of a gene
that codes for amino acids.
A gene starts and ends with
exons. 5’ to 3’.
Exons include both the
untranslated regions and the
protein-coding, translated regions.

5. INTRONS
Intervening (non coding) sequences.
They are removed by the process of
splicing.

6. PROMOTOR SEQUENCES
Transcriptional initiation region.
Region RNA polymerase begins.
located directly upstream or at the 5'
end.
RNA polymerase and transcription
factors bind to the promoter sequence
They define the direction of
transcription and indicate which DNA
strand will be transcribed.
Core promotor
Proximal promotor
Distal promotor.

9. TERMINATOR SEQUENCE
 to define the end of a
transcriptional unit (such as a
gene) and initiate the process of
releasing the newly synthesized
RNA from the transcription
machinery

10. ENHANCER
*enhance the transcription of an
associated gene. When bound to
transcriptional factors.
*enhancer sequences can be
positioned in both forward or
reversed sequence orientations .

11. SILENCER
 DNA sequence capable of
binding transcription
regulation factors,
called repressors.
 silencers prevent genes
from being expressed as
proteins.

12. UPSTREAM
 5’UTR serve several functions
including mRNA transport and
initiation of translation.
 Signal for addition of cap.
DOWNSTREAM
 3’UTR serves to add mRNA
stability and attachment site for
poly a tail.
 Translation termination codon.