This document discusses estuaries and estuarine fisheries in India. It defines an estuary and notes that India has over 55 estuaries along its eastern and western coasts, totaling approximately 30,000 square kilometers. Several major river systems like the Ganges, Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna form highly productive estuarine ecosystems. The document examines the fish production and ecology of estuaries like the Hooghly, Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, Chilka, Pulicat Lake, and Kerala backwaters. It provides details on fish catches, species diversity, and threats like overfishing in several of India's important estuarine systems.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Wetlands exist along the borders of water courses and water bodies, in topographically low lying areas. Wetlands are the interfaces between land and water. This module explains the importance of wetlands as promising ecosystems.
Detailed account of difference between Biosp[here Reserves and various MPAs were given; MPAs of India were listed with its key biodiversity resources...
this is my 10th standard project wherein i have compiled information from various sources. it is a short project with useful content. hope it proves to be of good use.
wetlands. ramsar sites of kera;a..general info about the wetlands, its type, significane...etc...similarly about Ramsar sites, its criterias and detaios about 3 important sites of kerala
It is my academic presentation file which I presented with my friend in the last semester exam. It describe the major estuaries in Bangladesh. Also input these estuaries geographical location , characteristics , physio - chemical parameters , species abundance ,importance etc. ...
Kolleru is one of Asia's largest freshwater lakes.
It is located in Andhra Pradesh, and is a famous habitat for a number of resident and migratory birds, including the vulnerable grey pelican.
Situated between the Godavari and Krishna river basins, it is an invaluable wetland ecosystem.
The State of Kerala is abundantly rich with marine,
brackish water and fresh water resources. These water
bodies are inhabited by a wide variety of aquatic fauna &
flora and the State occupies one of the foremost positions
in the aquatic biodiversity. The long coastline and the
extensive inland waters of the State have brought people
belonging to different ethnic groups in contact with fishing
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Ramanathpuram & Tuticorin districts of the state of Tamil Nadu. The park is the core area of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve. This is the first marine Biosphere Reserve in India. It was established in the year of 1980. Total area of the park is 6.23 Km 2.
The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a protected area of India consisting of 21 small islands (islets) and adjacent coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar in the Indian Ocean. It lies 1 to 10 km away from the east coast of Tamil Nadu, India for 160 km between Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) and Dhanushkodi.
The Gulf of Mannar (/ m ə ˈ n ɑːr / mə- NAR) is a large shallow bay forming part of the Laccadive Sea in the Indian Ocean. It lies between the west coast of Sri Lanka and the southeastern tip of India, in the Coromandel Coast region.
The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park (GOM MNP) comprises of 21 islands surrounded by coral reef areas along with shallow water habitat of unique marine biodiversity. Sea horse, Sea Cow, Dolphins, sea cucumbers etc. are seen here.
9.267°N 77.433°E / 9.267; 77.433 Ramanathapuram District is an administrative district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The town of Ramanathapuram is the district headquarters. Ramanthapuram District has an area of 4123 km 2.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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2. Definition of estuary
☼ An estuary is defined as a semi-
enclosed coastal body of water, which
has a free connection with the open
sea and within which the seawater is
measurably diluted with the
freshwater of land drainage.
3. • Estuaries are important & distinct
component of coastal landscape with highly
complex ecosystems,varying
physicochemical properties & highly diverse
flora & fauna.
• Estuaries are of different shapes & sizes, &
are known by different names,such as ‘river
mouth’,’bays’,’lagoons’,’harbours’ or ‘inlets’.
4. ESTUARINE RESOURCES OF
INDIA
• Indian coastline is
more than 7500km
in length with an
EEZ of 2.015 X 106
km2 that accounts
for 61% of total land
area.
5. • The country commands a distinct position
with more than 55 estuaries,located on East
& west coasts
• The estuarine resource,including the
associated waters,of India has been
estimated approx. at 30,000,00 ha.
• Amoung the major rivers Ganga, Mahanadi,
Godavari,Krishna,Cauveri [east coast] &
Narmada,Tapti,Mandovi,Zuari [west coast]
forms highly productive esuarine systems
esp. in relation to fisheries.
6.
7. PRESENT STATUS OF FISH
PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY
• The estuarine fisheries in India are
always above the subsistence
level,contributing sizably to the inland
fish basket in the country.
• The fish productivity of various
estuaries has been estimated in the
range of 45-75 kg/ha.
8.
9.
10. ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES OF SELECTED
ESTUARIES &
ASSOCIATED WATERS
• HOOGHLY ESTUARY
• Largest estuarine systems in India.
• width 2-12km.
• Salinity : 0.2-31.6 ppt
• live estuary supporting rich
biodiversity
• better known for its profitable winter
fishery,the famous sunderban
mangroves & Hilsa fishery.
11. TRENDS OF FISH CATCH
• The trend of fish catch in Hooghly indicated
significant increase during recent years
primarily due to increase in Hilsa catch.
• Between 1998-99 & 2002-2003,the average
per annum catch of Hilsa has been
estimated at 10,382.9t with an impressive
increase of 63.3% from previous 5 years
[6279.6t]
12.
13. KRlSHNA ESTUARY
• Salinity : 20-35ppt.
• fishery dependent on marine
migrants.
• Mullets are hallmark of Krishna
estuary.
• Other gps. found in catch include
clupeids,perches,catfish,penaid
prawns & crabs.
14. • Annual fish catch during 2004-06 has
been estimated at 496.1 – 540t with
productivity ranging from 83-
90kg/ha.
• Average catch per unit of effort - low &
depend on season – 13.6kg/boat
[post-monsoon] & 1.74kg/boat[pre-
monsoon].
16. • Godavari estuary as a whole supports
23 prawn sps. Of this Penaeus
indicus,P.monodon, P.japonicus etc are
impo. from fishery point of view.
• Palaemonid prawns like
Macrobrachium
rosenbergii,M.malcomsonii etc are
also impo..
17. MAHANADl
• Comprises 2 impo. estuaries of Odisha viz.
Mahanadi & Devi.
• Salinity : 0.6-18 ppt.
• Fishery include – mullets,prawn,thread
fins,perches & others contributed by 96
sps. of fin fish & 10 sps. of shell fish.
• Sps. diversity differs with depth & salinity.
• However,relatively higher fish catch
,coupled with higher diversity, has been
recorded towards seamouth as compared to
freshwater stretch
18. CHILKA
• Largest lagoon in the east coast of India.
• Lagoon has distinct marine,brackish &
fresh water strands but is primarily an
estuarine ecosystem.
• Ramsar site.
• Endangered sps. & migratory birds.
• Highly productive with rich fishery
resources.
• Potential source for high priced prawn &
mullet fisheries.
19.
20. PULICAT LAKE
• Second largest brackish water lake in
India.
• Run //l to Bay of Bengal.
• Opens into Bay of Bengal through a
narrow passage at its southern
end,near Pulicat town.
• Shallow lake – average water depth :
0.7m.
• Salinity : 7.79 – 28.91 ppt.
21. • Fishery – largely depend on
P.indicus,M.cephalus & Chanos
chanos.
• However dominant fishery of Chanos
chanos in 1980s become rare.
• Fisheries of Sardinella,Hilsa,tiger
prawn also declined significantly
[over fishing].
• Penaeid prawns of importance –
Metapeneaeus dobsonii,M.monoceros
& M.brevicornis.
22. • The crab fishery – very conspicuous.
• The use of destructive gears,esp.
small mesh bar nets,has lead to
indiscriminate fishing of mullets.
• The average catch per fisher per day
has been estimated to be poor at
300g-500g/day,mainly of P.indicus
23. KERALA BACKWATERS
• 44 rivers in Kerala,41 flows westwards
from W.G to Arabian sea through
backwater.
• Total area : 500 sq.km
• Comprises of vast system –
interconnected lagoons,bays &
swamps.
• Fish landing :14000-17000t
24. • Vembanad is largest backwater.
• Northern part of vembanad – cochin
backwater.
• River Periyar in north & Pampa in
south along with many small
channels,streams,irrigation canals etc
–freshwater source of cochin
backwater.
• Salinity : 9-11ppt