This document provides an overview of various marine ecosystems. It describes ecosystems found in sandy beaches, rocky shores, salt marshes, coral reefs, mangroves, the deep sea, and hydrothermal vents. For each ecosystem, it lists some of the key marine species that inhabit that environment, such as algae, invertebrates like crabs and worms, fish, birds, and marine mammals. The document emphasizes that marine ecosystems cover most of the Earth and contain tremendous biodiversity.

1. MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
PREPARED BY:
VERISSE J. VERDE
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
BULACAN AGRICULTURAL STATE COLLEGE

3. • A MARINE ECOSYSTEM IS ONE THAT OCCURS IN OR NEAR SALT
WATER, WHICH MEANS THAT MARINE ECOSYSTEMS CAN BE
FOUND FROM A SANDY BEACH TO THE DEEPEST PARTS OF THE
OCEAN.
• THE OCEAN COVERS 71% OF THE PLANET, SO MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS MAKE UP MOST OF THE EARTH.

4.  TYPES OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
• SANDY BEACHES
• ROCKY SHORES
• SALT MARSHES
• CORAL REEFS
• MANGROVES
• DEEP SEA
• HYDROTHERMAL VENTS

5. SANDY BEACHES
THE COASTAL AREA (COASTAL ZONE) IS AN
EXTREMELY DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT WHERE
INTERFACE BETWEEN SAND, WATER AND AIR
ARE ALWAYS OBSERVED.

7. MARINE LIFE ON THE SANDY BEACH
• SEA TURTLES
• SEALS AND SEA LIONS
• ALGAE
• INVERTEBRATES SUCH AS CRABS, CLAMS, WORMS,
SNAILS, AND FLIES.
• BIRDS

9. • ALONG A ROCKY SHORE, YOU MAY FIND ROCK CLIFFS,
SMALL AND LARGE BOULDERS, SMALL AND LARGE
ROCKS, AND TIDE POOLS - PUDDLES OF WATER THAT
CAN CONTAIN A SURPRISING ARRAY OFF MARINE LIFE.
YOU'LL ALSO FIND THE INTERTIDAL ZONE - THE AREA
BETWEEN LOW AND HIGH TIDE.

10. ROCKY SHORE

11. MARINE LIFE YOU'LL FIND AT THE ROCKY SHORE
INCLUDE:
• MARINE ALGAE
• LICHENS
• BIRDS
• INVERTEBRATES SUCH AS CRABS, LOBSTERS, SEA STARS,
URCHINS, MUSSELS, BARNACLES, SNAILS, LIMPETS, SEA
SQUIRTS (TUNICATES) AND SEA ANEMONES.
• FISH
• SEALS AND SEA LIONS

13. • SALT MARSHES PROVIDE A BUFFER BETWEEN THE
OCEAN AND THE MAINLAND. THESE AREAS ARE
FLOODED AT HIGH TIDE, AND ARE COMPOSED OF
SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
• SALT MARSHES ARE IMPORTANT IN MANY WAYS:
THEY PROVIDE HABITAT FOR MARINE LIFE, BIRDS AND
MIGRATORY BIRDS, ARE IMPORTANT NURSERY AREAS
FOR FISH AND INVERTEBRATES, AND PROTECT THE
REST OF THE COASTLINE BY BUFFERING WAVE
ACTION AND ABSORBING WATER DURING HIGH TIDES
AND STORMS.

14. SALT MARSH

15. MARINE SPECIES FOUND IN A SALT MARSH
• ALGAE
• BIRDS
• FISH
• OCCASIONALLY MARINE MAMMALS SUCH AS
DOLPHINS AND SEALS.

17. • CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS ARE FILLED WITH
AN AMAZING AMOUNT OF DIVERSITY, FROM
HARD AND SOFT CORALS TO
INVERTEBRATES OF MANY SIZES, TO EVEN
LARGE ANIMALS SUCH AS SHARKS AND
DOLPHINS.

18. CORAL REEFS

19. MARINE SPECIES FOUND ON CORAL REEFS
• INVERTEBRATES MAY INCLUDE: HUNDREDS OF
SPECIES OF CORAL, PLUS SPONGES, CRABS,
SHRIMP, LOBSTERS, ANEMONES, WORMS,
BRYOZOANS, SEA STARS, URCHINS,
NUDIBRANCHS, OCTOPUSES, SQUID AND SNAILS.
• VERTEBRATES MAY INCLUDE A WIDE VARIETY OF
FISH, PLUS SEA TURTLES AND MARINE MAMMALS
SUCH AS SEALS AND DOLPHINS.

21. • MANGROVES ARE AREAS COMPOSED OF SALT-
TOLERANT PLANT SPECIES. THESE ARE GENERALLY
IN WARMER AREAS BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF
32 DEGREES NORTH AND 38 DEGREES SOUTH.
MANGROVE TREES HAVE ROOTS THAT DANGLE
INTO THE WATER, PROVIDING SHELTER FOR A
VARIETY OF MARINE LIFE, AND IMPORTANT
NURSERY AREAS FOR YOUNG MARINE ANIMALS.

22. MANGROVE

23. MARINE SPECIES FOUND IN MANGROVES
• ALGAE
• BIRDS
• INVERTEBRATES SUCH AS CRABS, SHRIMP, OYSTERS,
TUNICATES, SPONGES, SNAILS AND INSECTS
• FISH
• DOLPHINS
• MANATEES
• REPTILES SUCH AS SEA TURTLES, LAND TURTLES,
ALLIGATORS, CROCODILES, CAIMANS, SNAKES, AND
LIZARDS

25. • THE TERM "DEEP SEA" REFERS TO PARTS OF THE
OCEAN THAT ARE OVER 1,000 METERS (3,281
FEET). BUT IN COMPARISON TO SOME AREAS OF
THE OCEAN, 3,000 FEET IS SHALLOW - THE
DEEPEST PARTS OF THE OCEAN ARE MORE THAN
30,000 FEET DEEP.

26. DEEP SEA

27. DEEP SEA MARINE LIFE:
•INVERTEBRATES SUCH AS CRABS, WORMS,
JELLYFISH, SQUID AND OCTOPUS
•CORALS
•FISH SUCH AS ANGLERFISH AND SOME
SHARKS
•MARINE MAMMALS - SOME TYPES OF DEEP-
DIVING MARINE MAMMALS ARE SPERM
WHALES AND ELEPHANT SEALS.

29. •WHILE THEY ARE LOCATED IN THE DEEP
SEA, HYDROTHERMAL VENTS AND THE
AREAS AROUND THEM SERVE AS THEIR
OWN ECOSYSTEM.

30. HYDROTHERMAL VENTS

31. MARINE LIFE IN HYDROTHERMAL VENT ECOSYSTEMS:
• ARCHAEA - BACTERIA-LIKE ORGANISMS THAT DO
CHEMOSYNTHESIS, WHICH MEANS THAT THEY TURN
THE CHEMICALS AROUND THE VENTS INTO ENERGY.
THESE ORGANISMS ARE THE BASE OF THE
HYDROTHERMAL VENT FOOD CHAIN.
• INVERTEBRATES, SUCH AS TUBEWORMS, LIMPETS,
CLAMS, MUSSELS, CRABS, SHRIMP, SQUAT LOBSTERS
AND OCTOPUSES.
• FISH, SUCH AS EELPOUTS (ZOARCID FISH)