1) The document discusses developing a Simulink model of a three-phase induction motor that takes test data as input and simulates motor parameters and characteristics. Standard tests like no-load, blocked rotor, and DC resistance tests are used to obtain input data.
2) A per-phase equivalent circuit model is used to simulate the motor. Tests are simulated using the Simulink model and results are compared to experimental data.
3) Parameter estimation methods not requiring standard tests are also discussed, using manufacturer data to estimate parameters offline for simulation purposes.
Este documento describe los motores de polos sombreados, un tipo de motor de inducción monofásico con una construcción simple que usa polos salientes rodeados por bobinas de sombreo en lugar de un devanado auxiliar. Estos motores son adecuados para aplicaciones de bajo costo como ventiladores pequeños y electrodomésticos, debido a su rango de potencia bajo y construcción sencilla.
An induction motor starter is necessary to control the starting current and torque of the motor. There are different types of starters that can be used depending on the size of the motor, including DOL, star-delta, primary resistance, and auto transformer starters. A soft starter uses electronics to gradually increase the voltage applied to the motor during starting and stopping, reducing mechanical and electrical stresses on the system.
This document summarizes a student project on thermal power generation. It includes sections on the introduction, need for thermal power, basic definitions, functioning of a thermal power plant, advantages, and disadvantages. The introduction provides a brief history of thermal power and describes the basic process of heating water to create steam to spin a turbine and generate electricity. The plant uses various fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil to heat water in a boiler and create high pressure steam. This steam powers a turbine connected to an electric generator to produce electricity.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power station. It begins with defining a thermal power station as a generating station that converts the heat energy from coal combustion into electrical energy. It then outlines the main components of a thermal power station in a block diagram and lists the main equipment, including the coal handling plant, pulverizing plant, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling towers. Each of the major equipment is then explained in more detail. Finally, the document discusses the advantages of thermal power stations in being able to use cheap fuel and their disadvantages in polluting the atmosphere.
This document discusses different types of power driver circuits used for stepper motors, including resistance drive, dual voltage drive, and chopper drive. It also covers applications of stepper motors such as in floppy disc drives, cameras, printers, and robotics. The document provides references for further reading on stepper motors and electric machines.
This document discusses different types of solar energy systems that use photovoltaic panels and inverters to convert solar energy into electrical energy. It describes stand-alone systems that are independent of the electric grid and grid-tie systems that are connected to the utility network. The key components of these systems include solar panels, batteries, transformers, inverters, and microcontrollers. It also explains the functions of inverters, pulse width modulation technology, and maximum power point tracking for optimizing solar energy harvesting.
The document discusses the double cage induction motor. It has two rotor windings or cages that provide high starting torque at low starting current. The rotor has an outer winding made of manganese bars with small cross-section and high resistance. It also has an inner winding made of copper bars with larger cross-section and lower resistance. This arrangement allows the motor to produce high starting torque while limiting starting current draw. The double cage induction motor provides benefits like high efficiency, good speed regulation, lower costs, and increased robustness over traditional squirrel cage motors.
A thermal power plant converts the heat from coal into electrical energy. Coal is burned in a boiler to produce high pressure steam, which spins turbines connected to generators. This generates electricity. The steam is then condensed in a condenser using cooling water, which is cooled in cooling towers or ponds and recycled. Thermal power plants currently contribute the majority of electricity production in India.
Este documento describe los motores de polos sombreados, un tipo de motor de inducción monofásico con una construcción simple que usa polos salientes rodeados por bobinas de sombreo en lugar de un devanado auxiliar. Estos motores son adecuados para aplicaciones de bajo costo como ventiladores pequeños y electrodomésticos, debido a su rango de potencia bajo y construcción sencilla.
An induction motor starter is necessary to control the starting current and torque of the motor. There are different types of starters that can be used depending on the size of the motor, including DOL, star-delta, primary resistance, and auto transformer starters. A soft starter uses electronics to gradually increase the voltage applied to the motor during starting and stopping, reducing mechanical and electrical stresses on the system.
This document summarizes a student project on thermal power generation. It includes sections on the introduction, need for thermal power, basic definitions, functioning of a thermal power plant, advantages, and disadvantages. The introduction provides a brief history of thermal power and describes the basic process of heating water to create steam to spin a turbine and generate electricity. The plant uses various fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil to heat water in a boiler and create high pressure steam. This steam powers a turbine connected to an electric generator to produce electricity.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power station. It begins with defining a thermal power station as a generating station that converts the heat energy from coal combustion into electrical energy. It then outlines the main components of a thermal power station in a block diagram and lists the main equipment, including the coal handling plant, pulverizing plant, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling towers. Each of the major equipment is then explained in more detail. Finally, the document discusses the advantages of thermal power stations in being able to use cheap fuel and their disadvantages in polluting the atmosphere.
This document discusses different types of power driver circuits used for stepper motors, including resistance drive, dual voltage drive, and chopper drive. It also covers applications of stepper motors such as in floppy disc drives, cameras, printers, and robotics. The document provides references for further reading on stepper motors and electric machines.
This document discusses different types of solar energy systems that use photovoltaic panels and inverters to convert solar energy into electrical energy. It describes stand-alone systems that are independent of the electric grid and grid-tie systems that are connected to the utility network. The key components of these systems include solar panels, batteries, transformers, inverters, and microcontrollers. It also explains the functions of inverters, pulse width modulation technology, and maximum power point tracking for optimizing solar energy harvesting.
The document discusses the double cage induction motor. It has two rotor windings or cages that provide high starting torque at low starting current. The rotor has an outer winding made of manganese bars with small cross-section and high resistance. It also has an inner winding made of copper bars with larger cross-section and lower resistance. This arrangement allows the motor to produce high starting torque while limiting starting current draw. The double cage induction motor provides benefits like high efficiency, good speed regulation, lower costs, and increased robustness over traditional squirrel cage motors.
A thermal power plant converts the heat from coal into electrical energy. Coal is burned in a boiler to produce high pressure steam, which spins turbines connected to generators. This generates electricity. The steam is then condensed in a condenser using cooling water, which is cooled in cooling towers or ponds and recycled. Thermal power plants currently contribute the majority of electricity production in India.
This document discusses developing a 1 MW solar power plant in India. Key points:
- A 1 MW plant can generate Rs. 1.2 lakhs per day by selling electricity at Rs. 15/unit and additional income from carbon credits of Rs. 24 lakhs annually. The government offers higher tariffs and low-interest loans for solar projects.
- The solution proposes setting up a solar tracker manufacturing plant in India with a Rs. 25 lakhs investment and combining solar thermal and PV technologies to increase efficiency above 50% with a Rs. 1 crore investment.
- Funding details are provided for a 1 MW reference solar power plant with an estimated total cost of Rs. 26.
Three phase induction motors are the most common electric motors used in industry. They have a simple and rugged design, are low cost, and easy to maintain. An induction motor consists of a stationary stator and a revolving rotor. The stator contains three-phase windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when powered. This rotating field induces currents in the rotor windings which produce a torque causing the rotor to turn, though slightly slower than the rotating field. Three phase induction motors can operate across a wide range of speeds and are well suited for constant speed industrial applications.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THERMAL POWER PLANT Industrial ReportUtkarsh Chaubey
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Utkarsh Chaubey to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya. It provides an overview of Utkarsh's training at the Shri Singaji Thermal Power Plant (SSTPP). The report includes sections on the power plant overview, the Rankine cycle used, classification of thermal power plants, typical components of a coal fired plant, site selection considerations, and descriptions of various systems within SSTPP such as the generator, switchyard, transformers, and safety measures.
The document describes a dual axis solar tracker designed by four students. It includes details on the solar tracker's components like LDR sensors, Arduino microcontroller, servo motors, charge controller, and solar panels. The tracker uses LDR sensors and a microcontroller to rotate the solar panels along two axes to continuously face the sun for maximum energy collection. It can provide around a 40% gain in solar panel efficiency compared to fixed panels. The document also discusses solar energy technology, advantages of tracking systems, and the students' hardware prototypes.
This document summarizes information about solar power plants. It discusses how solar power plants work by converting sunlight to electricity through either photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power. It provides a diagram of a solar power plant and lists its key components like solar modules, controllers, batteries, and inverters. Standalone and grid-tie solar systems are described. Advantages of solar energy include being clean, renewable and producing power with little maintenance, though high upfront costs are a disadvantage. India's largest solar plants are noted. Uses of solar energy include water pumps, buildings, remote areas, and more.
Updated field oriented control of induction motor.pptxMohit Sharma
It is a simulation work project done on a 5hp,440V/5A and 1440rpm Induction motor.It explains the control of induction motor using matlab-simulink algorithm by PI control as well as Fuzzy logic control.
This document is a technical seminar report submitted by a student to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report discusses the history and working principles of steam turbines, including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes different types of steam turbines such as impulse and reaction turbines. It also covers topics like compounding, steam supply and exhaust conditions, turbine components, operation principles, applications, and thermodynamics of steam turbines. The document contains detailed information presented over multiple sections and references.
This document summarizes a seminar on summer training at NTPC Ltd Shaktinagar power plant. It provides an overview of NTPC, describing that it is India's largest power company with over 29,000 MW of installed capacity across various coal and gas-fired power plants. It then describes the Shaktinagar power plant in more detail, including its 2000 MW installed capacity, coal source, beneficiary states, and unit sizes. It also includes simplified diagrams of the main components of a thermal power plant.
This document describes the components and operation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. It discusses PV cells, modules, panels and arrays, and how they are connected in series and parallel. It also covers batteries, charge controllers, inverters and different applications of solar PV systems, including solar lanterns, home lighting, and street lighting. The document provides details on the materials used in PV cells, benefits of solar PV systems, and color coding of wires. It concludes that the practical training enhanced the author's technical knowledge of solar PV systems, components, and applications.
The document discusses various methods for harnessing solar energy, including solar thermal technologies for water heating and cooking, as well as photovoltaic (PV) systems for generating electricity. It describes how PV systems work using solar cells made of silicon to convert sunlight directly into electricity. The document also discusses different types of large-scale solar power plants that use concentrating solar technologies like parabolic troughs and power towers to generate utility-scale electricity.
This document describes a solar tracker device that orients solar panels towards the sun for maximum efficiency. It discusses the need for solar trackers to increase solar panel output. The working principle is that light sensors detect sunlight intensity on the panel and a motor rotates the panel towards the stronger light to maintain optimal alignment with the sun throughout the day. Key components are the solar panel, sensors, microcontroller and motor. Benefits are maximizing solar energy capture while disadvantages include reliance on weather conditions.
The document outlines the history and technology of solar energy. It discusses the sun as an energy source, the basic history of solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies, and the different types of solar collectors and cells. It also covers the pros and cons, environmental impacts, and economic factors of solar energy systems.
This document discusses different types of single-phase induction motors, including their operating principles, starting methods, and characteristics. It describes split-phase, capacitor-start, capacitor-run, and capacitor-start/capacitor-run induction motors. It also discusses shaded-pole induction motors and their applications in small, low-power devices.
The document describes a brushless generator system that uses a main exciter and pilot exciter to generate AC power from a rotating wheel. The main exciter rotor is powered by the permanent magnet generator and produces DC power that excites the generator stator to produce AC power at 50 Hz and 15.6 kV. The pilot exciter ensures stable voltage regulation of the main generator output.
This document discusses single axis solar tracking systems. It begins with an introduction that outlines the increasing demand for renewable energy and potential of solar energy. It then describes the concept of a single axis solar tracking system which uses a tilted solar panel mount and motor to move the panel relative to the sun's position. The document goes on to describe different types of single axis trackers and discuss sun-earth angles and how they vary throughout the year. It also includes calculations of incidence angles for different periods in Warangal, India. Finally, it discusses the future of solar tracking and double axis tracking systems.
Three phase induction motor By Mitesh KumarMitesh Kumar
This document presents on three phase induction motors. It discusses the basic construction of an induction motor including the stationary stator and revolving rotor. It describes the two main rotor designs - squirrel cage and wound rotor. It explains the principle of operation where the rotating magnetic field produced in the stator induces currents in the rotor windings, generating torque. It provides the formula to calculate synchronous speed based on supply frequency and number of poles. Finally, it discusses applications of squirrel cage and wound rotor induction motors.
Identifying Three Phase Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters from Na...ijtsrd
The induction motor equivalent circuit parameters are required for many performance and planning studies involving induction motors. These parameters are typically calculated from standardized motor performance tests, such as the no load, full load, and locked rotor tests. However, standardized test data is not typically available to the end user. Alternatively, the equivalent circuit parameters may be estimated based on published performance data for the motor. Methodologies for obtaining the parameters of the equivalent circuit for an induction motor from the information on the nameplate and an analysis is presented so that the typical parameters of an equivalent circuit can be readily estimated. Anushree Rajendrarao Helonde | Mr. Mahesh Mankar ""Identifying Three Phase Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters from Nameplate Data by Different Analytical Methods"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22934.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/22934/identifying-three-phase-induction-motor-equivalent-circuit-parameters-from-nameplate-data-by-different-analytical-methods/anushree-rajendrarao-helonde
Induction Motor Tests Using MATLAB/SimulinkGirish Gupta
This project describes MATLAB/Simulink implementation of three induction motor tests, namely DC, No-Load, and Blocked-Rotor tests which are performed to identify equivalent circuit parameters of an Induction Machine. These simulation models are developed to support and enhance electric machinery education at the undergraduate level.
This document discusses developing a 1 MW solar power plant in India. Key points:
- A 1 MW plant can generate Rs. 1.2 lakhs per day by selling electricity at Rs. 15/unit and additional income from carbon credits of Rs. 24 lakhs annually. The government offers higher tariffs and low-interest loans for solar projects.
- The solution proposes setting up a solar tracker manufacturing plant in India with a Rs. 25 lakhs investment and combining solar thermal and PV technologies to increase efficiency above 50% with a Rs. 1 crore investment.
- Funding details are provided for a 1 MW reference solar power plant with an estimated total cost of Rs. 26.
Three phase induction motors are the most common electric motors used in industry. They have a simple and rugged design, are low cost, and easy to maintain. An induction motor consists of a stationary stator and a revolving rotor. The stator contains three-phase windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when powered. This rotating field induces currents in the rotor windings which produce a torque causing the rotor to turn, though slightly slower than the rotating field. Three phase induction motors can operate across a wide range of speeds and are well suited for constant speed industrial applications.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THERMAL POWER PLANT Industrial ReportUtkarsh Chaubey
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Utkarsh Chaubey to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya. It provides an overview of Utkarsh's training at the Shri Singaji Thermal Power Plant (SSTPP). The report includes sections on the power plant overview, the Rankine cycle used, classification of thermal power plants, typical components of a coal fired plant, site selection considerations, and descriptions of various systems within SSTPP such as the generator, switchyard, transformers, and safety measures.
The document describes a dual axis solar tracker designed by four students. It includes details on the solar tracker's components like LDR sensors, Arduino microcontroller, servo motors, charge controller, and solar panels. The tracker uses LDR sensors and a microcontroller to rotate the solar panels along two axes to continuously face the sun for maximum energy collection. It can provide around a 40% gain in solar panel efficiency compared to fixed panels. The document also discusses solar energy technology, advantages of tracking systems, and the students' hardware prototypes.
This document summarizes information about solar power plants. It discusses how solar power plants work by converting sunlight to electricity through either photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power. It provides a diagram of a solar power plant and lists its key components like solar modules, controllers, batteries, and inverters. Standalone and grid-tie solar systems are described. Advantages of solar energy include being clean, renewable and producing power with little maintenance, though high upfront costs are a disadvantage. India's largest solar plants are noted. Uses of solar energy include water pumps, buildings, remote areas, and more.
Updated field oriented control of induction motor.pptxMohit Sharma
It is a simulation work project done on a 5hp,440V/5A and 1440rpm Induction motor.It explains the control of induction motor using matlab-simulink algorithm by PI control as well as Fuzzy logic control.
This document is a technical seminar report submitted by a student to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report discusses the history and working principles of steam turbines, including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes different types of steam turbines such as impulse and reaction turbines. It also covers topics like compounding, steam supply and exhaust conditions, turbine components, operation principles, applications, and thermodynamics of steam turbines. The document contains detailed information presented over multiple sections and references.
This document summarizes a seminar on summer training at NTPC Ltd Shaktinagar power plant. It provides an overview of NTPC, describing that it is India's largest power company with over 29,000 MW of installed capacity across various coal and gas-fired power plants. It then describes the Shaktinagar power plant in more detail, including its 2000 MW installed capacity, coal source, beneficiary states, and unit sizes. It also includes simplified diagrams of the main components of a thermal power plant.
This document describes the components and operation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. It discusses PV cells, modules, panels and arrays, and how they are connected in series and parallel. It also covers batteries, charge controllers, inverters and different applications of solar PV systems, including solar lanterns, home lighting, and street lighting. The document provides details on the materials used in PV cells, benefits of solar PV systems, and color coding of wires. It concludes that the practical training enhanced the author's technical knowledge of solar PV systems, components, and applications.
The document discusses various methods for harnessing solar energy, including solar thermal technologies for water heating and cooking, as well as photovoltaic (PV) systems for generating electricity. It describes how PV systems work using solar cells made of silicon to convert sunlight directly into electricity. The document also discusses different types of large-scale solar power plants that use concentrating solar technologies like parabolic troughs and power towers to generate utility-scale electricity.
This document describes a solar tracker device that orients solar panels towards the sun for maximum efficiency. It discusses the need for solar trackers to increase solar panel output. The working principle is that light sensors detect sunlight intensity on the panel and a motor rotates the panel towards the stronger light to maintain optimal alignment with the sun throughout the day. Key components are the solar panel, sensors, microcontroller and motor. Benefits are maximizing solar energy capture while disadvantages include reliance on weather conditions.
The document outlines the history and technology of solar energy. It discusses the sun as an energy source, the basic history of solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies, and the different types of solar collectors and cells. It also covers the pros and cons, environmental impacts, and economic factors of solar energy systems.
This document discusses different types of single-phase induction motors, including their operating principles, starting methods, and characteristics. It describes split-phase, capacitor-start, capacitor-run, and capacitor-start/capacitor-run induction motors. It also discusses shaded-pole induction motors and their applications in small, low-power devices.
The document describes a brushless generator system that uses a main exciter and pilot exciter to generate AC power from a rotating wheel. The main exciter rotor is powered by the permanent magnet generator and produces DC power that excites the generator stator to produce AC power at 50 Hz and 15.6 kV. The pilot exciter ensures stable voltage regulation of the main generator output.
This document discusses single axis solar tracking systems. It begins with an introduction that outlines the increasing demand for renewable energy and potential of solar energy. It then describes the concept of a single axis solar tracking system which uses a tilted solar panel mount and motor to move the panel relative to the sun's position. The document goes on to describe different types of single axis trackers and discuss sun-earth angles and how they vary throughout the year. It also includes calculations of incidence angles for different periods in Warangal, India. Finally, it discusses the future of solar tracking and double axis tracking systems.
Three phase induction motor By Mitesh KumarMitesh Kumar
This document presents on three phase induction motors. It discusses the basic construction of an induction motor including the stationary stator and revolving rotor. It describes the two main rotor designs - squirrel cage and wound rotor. It explains the principle of operation where the rotating magnetic field produced in the stator induces currents in the rotor windings, generating torque. It provides the formula to calculate synchronous speed based on supply frequency and number of poles. Finally, it discusses applications of squirrel cage and wound rotor induction motors.
Identifying Three Phase Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters from Na...ijtsrd
The induction motor equivalent circuit parameters are required for many performance and planning studies involving induction motors. These parameters are typically calculated from standardized motor performance tests, such as the no load, full load, and locked rotor tests. However, standardized test data is not typically available to the end user. Alternatively, the equivalent circuit parameters may be estimated based on published performance data for the motor. Methodologies for obtaining the parameters of the equivalent circuit for an induction motor from the information on the nameplate and an analysis is presented so that the typical parameters of an equivalent circuit can be readily estimated. Anushree Rajendrarao Helonde | Mr. Mahesh Mankar ""Identifying Three Phase Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters from Nameplate Data by Different Analytical Methods"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22934.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/22934/identifying-three-phase-induction-motor-equivalent-circuit-parameters-from-nameplate-data-by-different-analytical-methods/anushree-rajendrarao-helonde
Induction Motor Tests Using MATLAB/SimulinkGirish Gupta
This project describes MATLAB/Simulink implementation of three induction motor tests, namely DC, No-Load, and Blocked-Rotor tests which are performed to identify equivalent circuit parameters of an Induction Machine. These simulation models are developed to support and enhance electric machinery education at the undergraduate level.
In context of understanding problems faced by undergraduate studentswhile carrying out laboratory experiments dealing with high voltages, it was found that most of the students are hesitant to work directly on machine. The reason is that error in the circuitry might lead to deterioration of machine and laboratory instruments.So, it has become inevitable to include modern pedagogic techniques for undergraduate students, which would help them to first carry out experiment in virtual system and then to work on live circuit. Further advantages include that students can try out their intuitive ideas and perform in virtual environment, hence leading to new research and innovations.In this paper, virtual environment used is of MATLAB/Simulink for three-phase induction machines. The performance analysis of three-phase induction machine is carried out using virtual environment which includes Direct Current (DC) Test, No-Load Test, and Block Rotor Test along with speed torque characteristics for different rotor resistances and input voltage, respectively. Further, this paper carries out computer aided teaching of basic Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) drive circuitry. Hence, this paper gave undergraduates a clearer view of experiments performed on virtual machine (No-Load test, Block Rotor test and DC test, respectively). After successful implementation of basic tests, VSI circuitry is implemented, and related harmonic distortion (THD) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of current and voltage waveform are studied.
MATLAB Based Model for Analysis of the Effect of Equivalent Circuit Parameter...IOSR Journals
This document presents a MATLAB/Simulink model of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor to analyze the effects of varying the equivalent circuit parameters of the motor on its dynamic characteristics. The model simulates the motor performance under different tests that vary the rotor resistance, rotor inductance, stator resistance, and stator inductance. The simulation results show the impact of parameter variations on the motor's torque-speed characteristics, currents, speed, torque over time. Increasing the rotor resistance slightly reduces starting jerks, while increasing stator inductance significantly prolongs the transient period until steady-state is reached and draws excessively high current. To achieve satisfactory motor performance, the stator parameters should be kept as low as
Matlab Based Analysis of 3-Ø Self-Excited Induction Generator with Nonlinear ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a MATLAB simulation of a 3-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) supplying nonlinear loads. It describes the steady-state analysis and modeling of the SEIG using MATLAB/Simulink. Tests including no-load, blocked rotor, and DC tests are modeled to determine the generator's equivalent circuit parameters. Nonlinear loads including uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers are also modeled. Harmonic analysis is performed on the generator voltages and currents using FFT to determine the harmonic distortion from the nonlinear loads. The simulations show that the developed models can accurately analyze the SEIG's performance when supplying nonlinear loads.
Induction motor is a veritable machine in the industries today, since is the most widely used electric motor in the
industry. It offers a reasonable performance, manageable torque/speed characteristics and a better efficiency. The aim of this
paper is to examine a comparative analysis of a three phase induction motor for performance evaluation. The computer simulation
and experimental methods were used to carry out the investigations, validation and evaluation of the behavioural characteristics of
the machine. The simulation and experimental results obtained were compared to validate the results obtained from the
experimental method. It was shown that the results from the simulation and experimental methods were in agreement with the
theoretical values of the three phase induction motor. Thus, the results indicated that the relative errors were negligible and the
proposed simulation models accurately predict the equivalent circuit parameters of the induction motor.
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
This document outlines 15 experiments to be conducted on various electrical machines as part of an Electrical Machines Laboratory course. The experiments involve conducting tests on three-phase alternators to determine regulation, synchronous reactances, and impedances. Tests are also described to plot V and inverted V curves of synchronous machines, synchronize a synchronous motor, and determine torque and efficiency of three-phase induction motors. Further tests involve determining equivalent circuit parameters and performance characteristics of three-phase and single-phase induction motors from no-load and blocked rotor tests.
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulatorShivagee Raj
The role of AC Voltage Regulator in speed control of three phase Induction Motor is to vary the supply voltage which in turn, changes the speed of motor .
CONTROL OF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH Z- SOURCE INVERTERIRJET Journal
This document discusses controlling an asynchronous motor (induction motor) using a Z-source inverter. It begins with an introduction to induction motors and limitations of traditional voltage source inverters and current source inverters. The paper then presents the methodology, which includes MATLAB simulations of an induction motor driven by a voltage source inverter, Z-source inverter without controller, and Z-source inverter with controller. Simulation results are shown and discussed for speed, torque, and stator current waveforms. The conclusion is that the Z-source inverter provides less torque ripples, improved current quality, better settling time, and smoother outputs compared to the voltage source inverter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
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In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
Braking of Three Phase Induction Motorsby Controlling Applied Voltage and Fre...IJPEDS-IAES
Braking of three phase induction motors is required in many industrial applications. This paper introduces braking of three phase induction motors using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The objective is to determine the optimum values of the applied voltage and frequency during braking to stop the motor in a certain time with minimum braking energy losses to limit any excessive thermal heating. The proposed technique is important and more useful in applications of repeated braking cycles. The results are compared with that obtained using plugging braking method and it's found that the proposed technique gives lower braking energy and shorter braking time. The braking energy losses with the proposed method are about 20% of the plugging braking energy losses with the same braking time. The proposed method determines the variation of optimal values of applied voltage and frequency to have a certain braking time of three phase induction motor at a certain load torque with minimum braking energy losses. The characteristics of the motor are simulated using SIMULINK/MATLAB.
This document summarizes a study on assessing the impact of faults on an induction motor drive operating under indirect field oriented control. The study develops a rotor flux DQ axis model of an induction motor and simulates various faults including voltage, current, speed, torque, and stator flux faults. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the impact of faults on motor performance indicators like voltage, current, speed, torque, and flux. Both open-loop and closed-loop indirect field oriented control schemes are evaluated. The analysis provides a method for assessing reliability of motor drives by observing their behavior under different fault conditions.
Modern pedagogy-techniques-for-dc-motor-speed-controlRajesh Kumar
Based on a survey conducted for second and third-year students of the electrical engineering department at Maharishi Markandeshwar University, India, it was found that around 92% of students felt that it would be better to introduce a virtual environment for laboratory experiments. Hence, a need was felt to perform modern pedagogy techniques for students which consist of a virtual environment using MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper, a virtual environment for the speed control of a DC motor is performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The various speed control methods for the DC motor include the field resistance control method and armature voltage control method. The performance analysis of the DC motor is hence analyzed.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
Detection of Broken Bars in Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor using F...Dr.NAGARAJAN. S
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students can learn the operation and performance of an inverter
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Ceiling fan is mostly driven by the single induction motor with an efficiency of 30%.
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certanily we can not today dispense with mobile phones where they have became part of our lives each person now have mobile phone as result it is quick way to connect with other ,with this technological development must not forget that the most important factor ,it is health
Abstract
This report focuses on controlling the speed of a DC motor using PWM technique.
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The dc motor speed in general is directly proportional to the supply voltage, so if reduce the voltage from 12 volts to 6 volts then our speed become half of what it originally had. But in practice, for changing the speed of a dc motor we cannot go on changing the supply voltage all the time. Rather than simply adjusting the voltage sent to the motor, we can switch the motor supply on and off where switching is done so much fast that the motor only notices the average voltage effect and not the switching operation.
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
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KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
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1. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 1 ]
Khiri.A Elrmali khairi.elrmali@gmail.com
Abstract: The single phase equivalent circuit is largely used to model the three-phase induction motors in
steady-state operation and under sinusoidal balanced voltages. This present study discusses about the
development of a Simulink model of a three phase induction motor block which takes the inputs in form of the
test results obtained by the No-load , Blocked rotor & DC resistance tests and simulates to give the equivalent
circuit parameters as well as various operating characteristics . However, the determination of the circuit
parameters through standard method compared with alternative methods, i.e., non-standard tests.
Keywords-Induction motor, No-load test, Blocked rotor test, DC resistance test, MATLAB, Simulink
I-INTRODUCTION
Three-phase induction motors (TIM) operating
under steady-state regime are commonly modeled
using a per phase equivalent circuit, which enables
the calculation of quantities such as line current,
power factor, input and output power and
efficiency simply as a function of supply voltage,
frequency and slip. The circuit parameter values are
traditionally determined through tests described on
IEEE Standard 112 [1], such as no load and locked
rotor tests. Although such procedures provide
reliable results, their requisites may be impractical
in some places or situations. First, the necessary
instrumentation is not often available where the
motor is operating, thus demanding the
transference of the machine to a testing site or
laboratory. Second, the necessary interruption in
the operation of the motor is undesired in critical
industrial processes. Finally, the knowledge of the
circuit parameter values may be desired prior to
acquisition for simulation of even didactic purposes
Many methods and schemes are developed for
parameter estimation of large induction motors, but
these are generally not applied in smaller machines
due to limitations related to sensing device size and
economic considerations
There are various techniques to estimate the
induction motor parameters, such as:
1. Conventional techniques
2.Soft computing techniques
a)Fuzzy system
b) Artificial neural network
c) Genetic Algorithms
d) Particle swarm optimization(PSO)
e)Integration of above techniques
Some new methods are proposed in this study to
estimate motor parameters off-line from
manufacturer’s data
This paper presents a review on parameter
values estimation of the equivalent circuit of three
phase induction motors based on data provided by
manufacturers on catalogs, with special interest on
those dedicated to efficiency estimation result will
be compared to the simulation result. The dc test
no-load and blocked rotor tests simulation models
are developed by using MATLAB /Simulink and
Power System Block-set (PSB) The relevancy of
this study is by comparing the result obtained from
the laboratory with computer simulation will
facilitate in order to check the accuracy of virtual
induction motor's parameter
Estimating Parameters of a Three-Phase
induction motor using Matlab/Simulink
2. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 2 ]
II-Model for the squirrel-cage induction motor
The steady-state operating characteristics of a
three-phase induction motor are often investigated
using a per-phase equivalent circuit as shown in
Figure 1
Fig(1). Per-phase equivalent circuit of an induction
motor
Where
R1- Stator Resistance
R2 - Rotor Resistance
X1 - Stator leakage reactance
X2 - Rotor leakage reactance
XM - Magnetizing reactance
S= slip
These all parameters of induction motor are
measured and given in Table III The values of
different parameters of 3-Ø squirrel cage induction
motor existing in Machine lab are tabulated below.
Table I: Input parameters for 3-phase squirrel cage
induction motor
INPUT QUANTITIES VALUES
Nominal power, L-L
voltage and frequency
4KW, 400V, 50Hz
Stator (Rs , Ls ) [1.405, 0.005839H]
Rotor (Rr, Lr) [1.395, 0.005839H]
Mutual inductance Lm 0.1722 H
Inertia, friction and
pairs of poles
0.0131 kg.m2
,
0.002985N.m.s 2
III-INDUCTION MOTOR TESTS
While selecting a proper motor it is necessary to
know the various operating characteristics as well
as the equivalent circuit parameters of the motor.
For this purpose following tests are conducted on a
three phase induction motor. No-Load Test
Balanced voltages are applied to the stator
terminals at the rated frequency with the rotor
uncoupled from any mechanical load.
Current, voltage and power are measured at the
motor input. The losses in the no-load test are
those due to core losses, winding losses, windage
and friction. Blocked Rotor Test The rotor is
blocked to prevent rotation and balanced voltages
are applied to the stator terminals at a frequency of
25 percent of the rated frequency at a voltage
where the rated current is achieved. Current,
voltage and power are measured at the motor
input.
In addition to these tests, the DC resistance of the
stator winding should be measured in order to
determine the complete equivalent circuit>
1) DC Test
The DC Test is performed to compute the stator
winding resistance RI. A dc voltage is applied to
the stator winding of an induction motor. The
resulting current flowing through the stator
winding is a dc current; thus there is no voltage
induced in the rotor circuit, and the motor
reactance is zero.
The stator resistance is the only circuit parameter
limiting current flow and can be computed as
ResistanceStator=R
ReadingAmmeter=I
ReadingVoltmeter=Vwhere
2
S
dc
dc
dc
dc
S
I
V
R
3. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 3 ]
Fig(2a)Set-up for measurement of stator resistance
Identify the way the motor block is connected.
• Star connected: Two links connect U
Remove the links and supply cables before
carrying out the test.
• Delta connected: Three links connect U
toW2, V1 to U2, W1 to V2. Remove the links
and supply cables before carrying out test.
Fig(2b)Experimental setup
The model shown in Figure (2b) is built to
represent then stator resistance measurements.
2) NO LOAD TEST
The no load test for an induction motor measures
the rotational losses of the motor and provides
information about its magnetization current. The
circuit diagram for the no load test is given below.
Fig(3a): Circuit Diagram for no load test
The equivalent input impedance is thus
approximately
ImpedanceloadNo=Z
phaseperPowerReactive=Qa
phaseperPowerReal=P
phaseperReadingAmmeter=Is
phaseperReadingVoltmeter=Vwhere
nl
2 ms
s
a
nl XX
I
Q
Z
No-Load Test To perform the no-load test, the
model shown in Figure 4(b)
Fig(3b): No load test connection
3) locked-Rotor Test
The blocked-rotor test on an induction motor is
performed to determine some of its equivalent
circuit parameters . In this test, in order to prevent
rotation, the rotor is blocked.
The balanced voltages are then applied to the
stator terminals by using frequency which is 25
percent of the rated frequency and at a voltage
where the rated current is achieved.
Voltage, current, and power are measured at the
motor input.
The input power to the motor is given by
rs
s
locked
rs
s
lock
XX
I
Q
X
RR
I
P
R
2
4
1
2
The virtual blocked-rotor test can be carried out by
using the same Simulink model of no-load test.
However the only slightly difference is the inertia
and the friction parameters are reset to infinite
values (inertia=10000kg.m2
and friction=10000
N.m.s/rad)
4. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 4 ]
Experimental setup
Calculate Machine Parameters
Rs can be obtained directly from DC-test
Then, Rr can be obtained from the locked-rotor
resistance
slockr RRR
The leakage inductance can be obtained from the
locked-rotor inductance by assuming the ratio of
Xls to Xlr
If no information is given, it can be assumed that
Xls =Xlr
Hence
2
2
locked
ls
lslrlslocked
X
X
XXXX
Magnetizing inductance can then be obtained from
the no-load inductance
lsnlm XXX
IV-SIMULINK IMPLEMENTATION
The parameters identified from experimental test
will then be validated by using virtual induction
motor from the MATLAB-Simulink. Table1 shows
the identified parameters used to dimension the
simulation machine
. 1) Virtual DC Test
The model shown in Figure 4(a) is built to
represent the stator resistance measurements.
Fig(4) :Simulink model of DC test
2) Virtual No-Load Test.
To perform the no-load test, the model shown in
Figure 4(b) is built.To simulate the model for no
load test, mechanical torque (Tm) is set to zero
Fig(5): Simulink model for no load test
Total 3ph real input power is measured, while
per-phase-based real and reactive power is
measured in simulation model
Fig(6): Measurement in simulation model
5. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 5 ]
The simulation results for induction motor existing
in Electrical Machines lab are shown in fig
The stator and rotor current response of squirrel
cage induction motor is shown in Fig(7a). The
rotor current fluctuates between 0 and0.3 at 0.15
sec. the stator current is drawn about 4.5A at 0.2
sec
In Fig (7b) the time response of electromagnetic
torque and motor’s speed waveform.
Fig (7a) stator & rotor current of SCIM
Fig(7b):Simulation Results of Induction motor
3) Virtual Blocked-Rotor Test
The virtual blocked-rotor test can be carried out by
using the same Simulink model of no-load test.
However the only slightly difference is the inertia
and the friction parameters are reset to infinite
values (inertia=10000kg.m2
and friction=10000
N.m.s/rad) or To simulate the model for locked
load test, rotational speed (wm) is set to zero
Fig(8): Simulink model for locked load test
Total 3phase real input power is measured, while
per-phase-based real and reactive power is
measured in simulation model
Fig(9): Measurement in simulation model
V-RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this section, the result of simulation tests are
presented in Table II where various quantities such
as voltage, current and power are required to
compute the equivalent motor parameters.
Table II: Results of simulation test of SCIM
6. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 6 ]
for computing a particular electrical parameter
values of Rs, Rr, Xs, Xr and Xm. In simulating
models,it is necessary to have knowledge of the
methods which can be applied
Table III : Equivalent circuit parameter
determined by simulation and corresponding error
Based on the result obtained, the percentage error
from the result of SCIM simulation values are same
which means that it is accurate
circle diagram of induction motor
Electrical machines circle diagram is a graphical
representation of its equivalent circuit. This means
that whatever information can be obtained from the
equivalent circuit, the same can also be obtained
from the circle diagram. The advantages of a circle
diagram are its simplicity and quick estimation of
the machines operating characteristics.
VI-ESTIMATION OF PARAMETER
VALUES FROM CATALOG DATA
motor parameters are estimated from
manufacturer data with a numerical method. This
off-line parameter estimation method requires a
computer and necessary software to make these
calculations
To verify the proposed methods, no-load and
locked rotor tests are applied to SCM. parameters
are calculated from no-load and locked rotor tests
results and compared with estimated motor
parameters
In this method, approximate circuit model, is used.
Rated voltage, rated current, rated power factor,
output power, frequency, rotor speed and
measured stator resistance are used to estimate
motor parameters. Flow chart of this method is
seen in Fig
Fig(10): Flow chart of Method
Test Va(Volt) Ia(Amp) P(w) Q(AV)
DC 100 47.3 ---- ----
No load 233.8 4.086 152.3 948.4
Locked 231.7 51.45 7701 9418
Simulation
parameter
Estimation
parameter
Error %
Rs 1.405 1.409 0.28%
Rr 1.3195 1.395 5.7%
Ls 0.005839 H 0.005613H 3.87%
Lr 0.005839 H 0.005613H 3.87%
Lm 0.1722 H 0.16918 H 1.75%
7. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 7 ]
Rotor copper losses can be calculated as in
equation
losscopperRotorP
losseswindageandfrictionp
:
1
3
.
.
2
RCL
wf
wfoutrr
where
s
s
PPRIPRCL
❶ Calculation of Rr
Referred rotor current can be written as
22
rsrs
r
XXsRR
V
I
Assume that
22
s 4RR& rrs XsXX
If the assumptions seen above are valid, rotor
current and rotor copper losses formulas can be
rearranged as below
2
2
2
2
2
3
sRR
RV
P
sRR
V
I
rs
r
RCL
rs
r
From above equation
a
acbb
RcbRaR
PRRV
s
PR
R
s
P
rrr
RCLsr
RCLs
r
RCL
2
4
0
03
2
2
2
222
2
❷ Calculation of Rc
Core loss is calculated as in equation
fwRCLSCLloss
rs
s
SCL
outinloss
llin
PPPP
sRR
RV
P
PPP
IVP
con
SCL2
2
P
losscopperstatorPwhere
3
cos3
Rc is calculated as in equation
con
c
P
V
R
2
3
❸ Calculation of Xm
It is assumed that imaginary part of the stator
current flows on magnetizing reactance.
sinI
V
Xm
❹ Calculation of Xs
jBA
XXjsRRjXRZ rsrsmceq
1111
If tangent of load angle is written as in equation
22
4
2tantan1
tan
srs
srs
cm XsRR
XsRR
RX
A
B
so stator leakage reactance can be calculated by
solving the roots of equation
0tan
tan1
2
tan1
4 22
sRR
sRR
RX
XX
RX
rs
rs
cm
ss
cm
The performance of the motors calculated from
estimated parameters and calculated parameters
from no-load and locked rotor tests results are
compared Name plate values of these motors
provided by the manufacturer and from the tests
results.
The 4kW, 50 Hz, 230/400 V power factor 0.9 and
efficiency=0.86, 4-pole star connected
three-phase squirrel-cage induction machine From
the name-plate values, the following nominal
quantities can be calculated
Efficiency
in
out
P
P
Active input power cos3 llin IVP
slip
s
rs
N
NN
s
8. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 8 ]
Torque at rated speed
r
m
e
w
P
T
Rotor resistance
e
r
fT
spV
R
2
.2
Rotor time constant
tan2
1
fs
r
Magnetizing inductance rrm RL
m
m
r
r
e
m
l
in
sin
LLs
RrRs
L
R
mNT
radw
A
kw
V
p
Ikwp
s
1.005.0
1671.0169.1143.0
sec143.0
84.25tan046.0502
1
169.1
71.26502
046.043400
.71.26
71.26
4000
sec/75.149
30
1430
54.7
39.0400
705.4
pf3
,,,,705.4
86.0
4000
deg84.259.0cos,,,046.0
1500
14301500
2
1
The method only provides values for two
parameters.and values of errors was
m
r
L
R
%02.3100
1722.0
1670.01722.0
%2.16100
395.1
169.1395.1
VII. CONCLUSION
The objectives of this study have been met where
the induction motor model was successfully
developed using Matlab-Simulink and the accuracy
of the developed tests model's parameters can be
obtained from simulation. The result was good
correlation in term of relative percentage error
which indicates as the accuracy of virtual induction
motor's parameter.
We used three tests to determine the different
equivalent circuit parameters , which are the
resistance measurement to determine the windings
resistance Rs , the No load Test to determine Xm ,
and finally the Locked Rotor Test to Rr , Xs & Xr.
This concludes that the Matlab/Simulink is a
reliable and sophisticated way to analyze and
predict the behavior of induction motors
Second part non standard method is applied to
induction motor and estimation results are
compared with test results
The assessment is based on the closeness of the
resulting parameter values to reference values has
improved the accuracy of calculations for the
studied motor.
9. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 9 ]
PARAMETER ESTIMATION CODES
References
[1] Munira Batool, 2Aftab Ahmad “ Mathematical modeling
and speed torque analysis of three phase squirrel cage
induction motor using Matlab /Simulink for electrical
machines laboratory” International Electrical Engineering
Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 4 (2013) No. 1, pp. 880-889
[2] Rahmatul Hidayah Salimin“ Parameter Identification of
Three-Phase Induction Motor using MATLAB-Simulink “
EEE 7th International Power Engineering and Optimization
Conference (PEOC02013). Langkawi. Malaysia. 3-4 June
2013
[3] Mayank pratap Singh“Parameter Estimation of Three
Phase Induction Motor: An Innovative Approach”
[4] K.K.Pandey*, P. H. Zope “ Estimating Parameters of a
Three-Phase induction motor using Matlab/Simulink “
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,
Volume 4, Issue 12, December-2013
ISSN 2229-5518
[5] Çalar Hakki Özyurt“ Parameter and speed estimation of
induction motors from manufacturers data and
measurements” the Middle East Technical University
JANUARY 2005
[5] Juhamatti Nikander “ Induction Motor Parameter
Identification in Elevator Drive Modernization” helsinki
university of technology 7.1.2009
clear
clc
%========= input data
Rs=1.405;
V=326.6;
I=4;
f=50;
omga=2*pi*f;
pf=0.84;
p=4;
n=1430;
Pout=4000;
fi=acos(pf);
ns=120*f/p;
s=(ns-n)/ns;
Pfw=0.01*Pout;
Prcl=(Pout+Pfw)*s/(1-s);
%========= 1 calculation of Rr
a=Prcl/s^2;
b=(2*Rs*Prcl/s)-(3*V^2);
c=Prcl*Rs^2;
delta=b^2-4*a*c;
Rr=(-b-sqrt(delta))/(2*a)
%========= 2 calculation of Rc
Pscl=3*V^2*Rs/(Rs+Rr/s)^2;
Ploss=(3)*V*I*pf-Pout;
Pcore=Ploss-Pscl-Prcl-Pfw;
Rc=3*V^2/Pcore
%========= 3 calculation of Xm
Xm=V/(I*sin(fi))
Lm=Xm/omga
%========= 4 calculation of Xs
aa=4*(1/Xm-tan(fi)/Rc);
bb=2;
cc=((Rs+Rr/s)^2*(1/Xm-tan(fi)/Rc)-tan(fi)*(Rs+Rr/s));
delta=bb^2-4*aa*cc;
Xs1=(-bb+sqrt(delta))/(2*aa)
Ls=Xs1/omga
10. < University Of Malaya Engineering Faculty (Ac Machine 2017) >
[ 10 ]