Presentation of Mini Project Work for Non-Conventional Energy Sources Course at NIT Warangal

1. Single Axis Solar
Tracking Systems
Presented by:
VIRAL HITENKUMAR NAIK
RUDRA RANJAN SWAIN
NEHALKANT SHARMA BURGUS
AMAN MICHAEL PURTY

2. Introduction
 The increasing demand for energy, the continuous reduction in
existing sources of fossil fuels and the growing concern regarding
environment pollution, have pushed mankind to explore new
technologies for the production of electrical energy using clean,
renewable sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, etc.
 Among the non-conventional, renewable energy sources, solar energy
affords great potential for conversion into electric power, able to
ensure an important part of the electrical energy needs of the planet.
2" Green India. Clean India. "

3. Introduction (cont.)
 The conversion of solar light into electrical energy represents one of
the most promising and challenging energetic technologies, in
continuous development, being clean, silent and reliable, with very
low maintenance costs and minimal ecological impact. Solar energy is
free, practically inexhaustible, and involves no polluting residues or
greenhouse gases emissions.
 The conversion principle of solar light into electricity, called Photo-
Voltaic or PV conversion, is not very new, but the efficiency
improvement of the PV conversion equipment is still one of top
priorities for many academic and/or industrial research groups all
over the world.
3" Green India. Clean India. "

4. Concept
A single-axis solar tracking system uses a tilted PV panel mount, Fig. 1, and a
single electric motor to move the panel on an approximate trajectory relative to
the Sun’s position.
Figure 1
Principle of the single-axis solar tracking system
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5. Types of Single Axis Tracker Systems
 Horizontal single axis tracker (HSAT) - The axis of rotation for
horizontal single axis tracker is horizontal with respect to the ground.
 Vertical single axis tracker (VSAT) - The axis of rotation for vertical
single axis trackers is vertical with respect to the ground.
 Tilted single axis tracker (TSAT) - All trackers with axes of rotation
between horizontal and vertical are considered tilted single axis
trackers.
 Polar aligned single axis trackers (PASAT) - This method is
scientifically well known as the standard method of mounting a
telescope support structure. The tilted single axis is aligned to
the polar star.
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6. Sun-Earth Angles
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7. Variation of Declination throughout the year
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8. Sun-Earth Angles (Cont.)
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9. Sun-Earth Angles (Cont.)
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10. Sun-Earth Angles (Cont.)
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11. Single Axis Solar Tracking System
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12. Calculations
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Calculations of
Incidence angles for
Warangal during
different periods of
the year at different
times in a day.

13. 13
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
INCIDENCEANGLE
NUMBER OF DAYS
For Hour Angle = 0o (12 PM)
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14. 14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
ANGLEOFINCIDENCE
NUMBER OF DAYS
For Hour Angle = 土45o (9AM, 3 PM)
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15. 15
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
ANGLEOFINCIDENCE
NUMBER OF DAYS
For Hour Angle = 土90o (6 AM, 6PM)
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16. 16" Green India. Clean India. "

17. Future of Solar tracking systems
 The improved version of the single axis tracking system is the double axis
tracking systems.
 In such systems, the panels are able to move along both east-west and north-
south directions; therefore, they are always perpendicular to the sun
radiation’s direction and receive the maximum amount of the sunray. There
are two methods to determine the angle of the panels at every moment. In
some of the trackers, there is a pair of optical sensors that in case the panel
is not perpendicular to the sun radiation caused an imbalance guiding the
controller to rotate the system to the direction that makes the imbalance
equal to zero. In some other panels, by utilizing the planetary relations and
parameters, the shining angle of the sun for each time during a year is
determined and then, by feeding this information to a microcontroller, the
tracker always positions the panel in the desired angle.
17" Green India. Clean India. "

18. References
 Shahriar Bazyari1, Reza Keypour1, Shahrokh Farhangi2, Amir Ghaedi3,
Khashayar Bazyari4, 1Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, 2University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran, 3Darun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, 4Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. A Study on the Effects of Solar
Tracking Systems on the Performance of Photovoltaic Power Plants.
 Tiberiu Tudorache1, Liviu Kreindler1, 2, 1Electrical Engineering Faculty,
University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sect. 6,
Bucharest, Romania, e-mail: tudorach@amotion.pub.ro 2 Technosoft, 266-268
Calea Rahovei, Sect. 5, Bucharest, Romania,
e-mail: l_kreindler@tehnosoftmotion.com. Design of a Solar Tracker System
for PV Power Plants
18" Green India. Clean India. "

19. Thank You !
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