Defines the policy,lists the main features of a policy , the step by step process of policy formulation and implementation,describes the criteria to judge the efficacy and chances of success of policy and lastly the weaknesses of policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan

1. Shahid Hussain Raja
Independent Consultant-Public Policy
www.shahidhussainraja.com
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2.  Introduction
 What is policy
 Sources of policy formulation
 Policy formulation process
 Features of a good policy
 Policy formulation in developing countries-Pakistan’s
Experience
 Conclusion
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3.  Quality of governance in a country is dependent on its capacity to
effectively formulate and implement sound socioeconomic policies.
 Although policy formulation is the responsibility of the elected
members, its implementation rests with the public servants.
 However civil servants also play a pivotal role in policy
formulation as they prepare/vet the draft policy.
 This presentation explains the way policies are formulated, the
steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various
steps
 Its EBook version is available at Amazon at the following URL
 http://www.amazon.com/Public-Policy-Formulation-Analysis-
Hussain-ebook/dp/B01672SU10/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8

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4.  Formal documented statement of intentions and
actions of an organization/authority either to remove
certain deficiencies or to improve the conditions in any
particular area
 “whatever governments choose to do or not to do”
Thomas Dye (1987)
 “Purposive course of action or inaction undertaken by
an actor or a set of actors in dealing with a problem or
matter of concern”
Anderson (1994)
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5.  Not a random act, rather a deliberate action
 Approved by public representatives, applicable by
state apparatus
 Not a piece of legislation but has its own sanctity
 Distinct from strategy to implement it
 It could be a part of an overall development policy i.e.
National Development Strategy or it could be a
specific departmental policy i.e. Food Security Policy
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6.  Statement of Facts-why need for this policy
 General Clauses- definitions of terms used
 Policy Directions-broad outlines of what to do
 Policy Measures-specific actions by whom
 Institutional Mechanism-responsible authorities
 Repeal Clauses-redundant clauses
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7.  Societal structural changes-demographic transition,
economic transformation,
 Regime change- new political elite may have new vision,
mission and agenda for which
 Donors/world institutions-their aid may be contingent
upon certain policy changes, structural changes
 Global commitments-state enters into international
conventions which normally need local policy formulation
 Pressure groups-industrial ,agricultural lobbies, social
causes advocacy groups can force state for this
 Court Orders-Superior courts orders for formulating clear
policies or review an existing policy while hearing any case
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8.  Initiation of policy process
 Policy formulation
 Policy implementation
 Policy monitoring and evaluation
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9.  PHASE- 1
Establishment of a task force
 PHASE -2
Diagnosis of the situation
 PHASE-3
Production of a first/second draft of the policy
 PHASE- 4
Presented for endorsement.
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10.  The concerned ministry gets its approval
from the competent authority, usually the
minister in charge
 In case of multisectoral policy- the cabinet
 If it affects the provinces-Council of
Common Interests (CCI)
 Once approved ,it is formally notified
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11.  Once approved ,the civil servants execute it
 Prepare strategy to implement it-procedures or
programmes or both
 Correct interpretation is the essence of ethics
 Go for positives, empathy while interpreting it
 Remember every precedent is not to be followed
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12.  Essential element of policy cycle
 Effective in achieving the objective ?
 Take mid-term corrections where needed
 Periodic revision of the policy
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13.  Legal/Constitutional Validity-no action against law
 Internal Consistency- comprehensive, no contradiction
 External Consistency-no clash with other policies
 Technical Feasibility-proposed projects are practicable
 Resources Availability-adequate recourses ensured
 Financial Viability- proposed projects self financing
 Economic Benefits-if not self financing, then externalities
 Social Acceptance-not against social norms and values
 Political Commitment- fit within political culture
 Environmental Compliance-climate change etc
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14.  Mixed Bag-good policies also bad policies
 Procedural mismatch-mostly made by bureaucrats
 Institutional overstepping-foreign policy by army
 Structural flaws-contradictions, inconsistencies
 Evaluation failure-monitoring mid term or final
 Personality imprints-die with the champion person
 Global influences-too much influence of WB/IMF
 Implementation inadequacies-bureaucratic failure
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15.  Thank you for viewing the presentation
 If you liked it, kindly do express your opinion in the
column below.
 Its detailed EBook version is available at Amazon
 Please download it at the following URL@US$ 2.99,
 http://www.amazon.com/Public-Policy-
Formulation-Analysis-Hussain-
ebook/dp/B01672SU10/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8
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