This presentation is about methods and techniques in policy implementation.

2. involves all of the activities designed to carry out the policies
enacted by the legislative branch.
These activities include the creation of new organizations,
departments, agencies bureaus, or the assignments of new
responsibilities to the existing organizations.”

3. Establish and staff a new
agency or assign
authority to an existing
agency and personnel.
Translate legislative
intent into operating rules
and guidelines.
Coordinate resources and
personnel to achieve the
intended goals.

9. Characteristics
Requirements
Disadvantages

11. It underlines the importance of
initiatives coming from the bottom
leading to effective implementation
It promotes delegated legislation where
local legislatives and executives are
given the chance to formulate and
implement policies
Evaluating the effects of a policy becomes
difficult
Difficult to separate the influence of
individuals and different levels of
government on policy decisions and
consequences.
Characteristics
Disadvantages
Nature

12. • This approach is market driven
• Decentralized in its process
• Emphasize shift from hierarchy to
participation and teamwork

13. Emphasizes on the application
of managerial approaches like:
i) operational management
ii) corporate management
iii) personnel management

14. Policy
Implementation
Environment
Economy
Politics
Tri-Media

15. The policy contains unambiguous directives and structures
of the implementation process
Leaders of implementation agencies possess substantial
managerial and political skill and professional knowledge
The policy is actively supported by organised constituency
groups, legislature and judiciary
The relative priority of statutory objectives is not significantly undermined
over time by the emergence of conflicting public polices or by change in
relevant socio – economic conditions that undermine the statutes' technical
theory or political support

16. Lack of staff
Lack of Financial and Infrastructural support
Gigantic targets
Lack of support from the top
Lack of Financial and Infrastructural support
Shortage of time

17. Pressures on implementers
Lack of will, motivation, initiative and accountability
Corruption and vested interest
Lack of team spirit
Lack of Financial and Infrastructural support
Shortage of time

21. Thank you!