This document discusses public policy, including its definition, characteristics, formulation process, and analysis. It defines public policy as a course of action adopted by governments in pursuit of goals and objectives. Public policy comprises domains requiring government intervention or common action. The key steps in policy formulation are identifying needs, defining problems, collecting information, formulating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting a policy, testing it, and incorporating it into manuals. Factors influencing policy include organizational and external considerations. The levels of policy process include agenda setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, and assessment.

1. PRESENTED BY :
ADIL
ISRAR &
OMAR

2. B.G&S
PUBLIC POLICIES
MODULE III

3. “Policy is a means of encouraging discretion and
initiative but with in units.”
Definition of Policy
Policy : A purposive course of action taken or
adopted by those power in persuit of certain
goals and objectives.
“Policy is a decision-making framework or
course of action to achieve a desired effect or
change.”

4. PUBLIC: it comprises domain of
human activity which is regarded as
requiring governmental interventions or
common action . A domain of life
which is not private or purely
individual but held in common.

5. Public policy is a “ whatever
governments choose to do or not to do”.
Public policy is a course of action
adopted and pursued by a government.
Public policy is the outcome of struggle
in government over who gets what.
Definition of Public Policies

6. They are standing plans formulated to guide and direct the future
course of activity.
They clarify and crystallize the real values and intention of top
management.
The facilitate delegation of authority among the various managerial
levels.
The facilitate Uniformity of action and coordination of effort.
They minimize the destruction of decision-making process.
They communicate to outsiders the general attitudes and approaches
of the organization
They provide guidance, a sense of direction and understanding to
managers in their action.
They minimize the possibility of brining managers personal prejudices
in decision.
Importance of policy

7. a. Policies are guiding principles, that set a
direction
b. Top management determines the policies
c. Policies form the basis for determining the
procedures
d. Policies are relatively flexible Policies
e. Policies are standing plans.
f. Policies are formulated to deal with specific
problems.
g. Concerned with the organization as whole or
particular
h. Policy is a contingent decision.
POLICIES

8. FEATURES OF BUSINESS POLICY
SPECIFIC: Policy should be specific/definite. If it is uncertain.Then the implementation will
become difficult.
CLEAR: Policy must be unambiguous .It should avoid use of jargons and connotations .The
should be no misunderstandings in following the policy.
RELIABLE/UNIFORM: Policy must be uniform enough so that it can be efficiently followed by a
sub ordinates.
APPROPRIATE: Policy should be appropriate to the present organisational goaL.
SIMPLE: A policy should be simple and easily understood by all in the organization.
INCLUSIVE/COMPREHENSIVE: In order to wide scope, a policy must be comprehensive.
STABLE: Policy should be stable else it will lead to indecisiveness and uncertainity in minds of
the who look into it for guidance.
FLEXIBLE : Policy should be flexible in operation/application.

9. 1. Identification of the need for policy.
2. Defining the problems and issues that the
proposed policy is required to cover.
3. Collection of relevant information which may
serve as bases for formulation of policy and
formulation of preliminary views of
management.
Levels of public policy

10. 5.Formulating of alternative policy proposals.
6. Evaluating of alternative policy proposals through
discussion of the proposals at all relevant.
7. Making choice from among alternatives polices
through a process of progressive elimination.
8. Testing the policy in action and removing “bugs” if
any.
9. Incorporation of policy in the policy manual.

11. 1)Internal factors
•Organizational goals and strategies
•Organizational resources
•Organizational structures
2)External factors
• Social-political factors
• Product market factors
• Resource market factors
Factors influencing formulating policy

12. Policy is not random
Made by public authorities
Patterns of actions over time
Product of demand
Either purposive action/inaction
Government-directed course of action
in response to pressure
Distinct purposes
Common Characteristics of Public
policies

13. Public policy is all about:
The intentions of the legislative authority towards
society.
The direction in which the legislator wants to steer
society.
The utilization of national resources.
PUBLIC POLICY

14.  Identify the underlying values and aspirations.
 Understand the problem in its context.
 Identify the alternative courses of actions.
 Decide which dimensions of the problem are most important.
 Predict the likely outcomes of different courses of action
 Measure the chosen courses of action against important values and
aspirations.
6-STEP POLICY ANALYSIS PROCESS

15. Agenda Setting/Identification
of Issues or Problems
Policy Formulation
Policy Adoption/LegitimizationPolicy Implementation
Policy
Assessment/Evaluation
Levels of Policy Process