Welcome to Module 2 of One day intensive course on Finance for Non finance Managers/Professionals
This course consists of five modules, each dealing with different aspects of financial management.
One of the core elements of financial management is the three financial statements
Module 2 relates to discussion of the Blance Sheet-what is a Balance Sheet and how to read, interpret and use it
Finance for non finance managers module 1 financial accounting basicsShahid Hussain Raja
Welcome to this one day intensive course on finance for non finance managers/professionals
Besides learning essential concepts, we will discuss the difference among financial accounting, management accounting and financial management
In Module 1, we will discuss the basics of financial accouning such as financial transactions, jargon used, conventions etc
Also the various ways of presenting these accounts-basic information about the three financial statements
Finance for non finance managers module 1 financial accounting basicsShahid Hussain Raja
Welcome to this one day intensive course on finance for non finance managers/professionals
Besides learning essential concepts, we will discuss the difference among financial accounting, management accounting and financial management
In Module 1, we will discuss the basics of financial accouning such as financial transactions, jargon used, conventions etc
Also the various ways of presenting these accounts-basic information about the three financial statements
An introduction to the three main financial statements using a tree analogy. If you like this, just imagine what I can do in person at your next event. Go to www.geniwhitehouse.com or www.evenanerd.com for more information and my list of topics, expertise, and nerdy obsessions.
My next deck is going to include basset hounds (see my post from 2023). That is a promise.
Finance for non finance for employee, business man and corporatete Bibek Prajapati
The ability to effectively read financial reports and data is crucial to the
processes of day-to-day management, strategic planning and
decision-making in any firm.
-The proper understanding of the various
financial concepts and instruments and their implications to the firm’s
health and performance in the market place are indispensable for
managers who typically come from various functions within the firm.
-The comprehensive program of Finance for Non-Finance Managers
has been carefully designed to meet the needs of executives and
managers who come from nonfinancial backgrounds across the
corporate landscape.
-The two-staged program provides theparticipants with a comprehensive understanding of key financial principles and practices and empowers them with the tools to effectively interpret and use financial data in the decision-making process in their respective functions of sales, marketing or planning.
Meaning/ WHY
Benefits
Key Personal Responsibility
Type of business
Financial planning
Three principle of corporate Finance
Why Financial Accounting
Fundamentals of Financial Accounting
Procedural Aspects of Accounting
Objectives of accounting
Function of Accounting
Accounting – Classification
Difference between Management Accounting and Financial Accounting
Bookkeeping &Process of accounting
Steps/Phases of Accounting Cycle
User of accounting Information
BASIC ACCOUNTING TERMS
Types of Accounts
Accounting Equation
ACCRUAL BASIS AND CASH BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
CAPITAL AND REVENUE TRANSACTIONS
Cost Accounting meaning , objective
ROLE OF A COST ACCOUNTANT IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION
COST CONCEPT, TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION
Cost centre and cost unit
ELEMENTS OF COST
CLASSIFICATION OF COST
TYPES / TECHNIQUES OF COSTING
METHODS OF COSTING & THEIR APPLICABILITY
COGS, INVENTRY
Capacity
Budget
Corporate objective
Cost control and variance
Standard costing
Cash flow statement
Annual Report
Ratio analysisis
Capital Budgeting
Risk and Return
Regulators
Constitutional Aspects of Taxation by the Union and States
Financial Relations between the
Union and the States
Indirect Taxes : Union and the States
Taxation by the Union and the States
REVENUE ADMINISTRATION
Gst
Existing Indirect Tax System
ACTIVE INTERFACE WITH IT SYSTEMS
INCOME TAX LAW : AN INTRODUCTION
Income-tax Act
The Finance Act
CONCEPT OF INCOME
Stapes of TOTAL INCOME AND TAX PAYABLE
Deductions from Gross Total Income
RETURN OF INCOME
Horizontal analysis is also known as Trend Analysis refers to studying the behavior of individual financial statement items over several accounting periods. The Vertical Analysis concentrates on the relationships between various financial items on a financial statement. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Horizontal and Vertical Analysis:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/accounting/horizontal-and-vertical-analysis.aspx
For full text article go to : https://www.educorporatebridge.com/finance-for-non-finance/finance-for-non-finance-professionals/
This article on Finance for Non Finance Professionals will help you to gain basic finance knowledge, accounting concepts and better understanding of financial statement required for growth of your organization.
An introduction to the three main financial statements using a tree analogy. If you like this, just imagine what I can do in person at your next event. Go to www.geniwhitehouse.com or www.evenanerd.com for more information and my list of topics, expertise, and nerdy obsessions.
My next deck is going to include basset hounds (see my post from 2023). That is a promise.
Finance for non finance for employee, business man and corporatete Bibek Prajapati
The ability to effectively read financial reports and data is crucial to the
processes of day-to-day management, strategic planning and
decision-making in any firm.
-The proper understanding of the various
financial concepts and instruments and their implications to the firm’s
health and performance in the market place are indispensable for
managers who typically come from various functions within the firm.
-The comprehensive program of Finance for Non-Finance Managers
has been carefully designed to meet the needs of executives and
managers who come from nonfinancial backgrounds across the
corporate landscape.
-The two-staged program provides theparticipants with a comprehensive understanding of key financial principles and practices and empowers them with the tools to effectively interpret and use financial data in the decision-making process in their respective functions of sales, marketing or planning.
Meaning/ WHY
Benefits
Key Personal Responsibility
Type of business
Financial planning
Three principle of corporate Finance
Why Financial Accounting
Fundamentals of Financial Accounting
Procedural Aspects of Accounting
Objectives of accounting
Function of Accounting
Accounting – Classification
Difference between Management Accounting and Financial Accounting
Bookkeeping &Process of accounting
Steps/Phases of Accounting Cycle
User of accounting Information
BASIC ACCOUNTING TERMS
Types of Accounts
Accounting Equation
ACCRUAL BASIS AND CASH BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
CAPITAL AND REVENUE TRANSACTIONS
Cost Accounting meaning , objective
ROLE OF A COST ACCOUNTANT IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION
COST CONCEPT, TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION
Cost centre and cost unit
ELEMENTS OF COST
CLASSIFICATION OF COST
TYPES / TECHNIQUES OF COSTING
METHODS OF COSTING & THEIR APPLICABILITY
COGS, INVENTRY
Capacity
Budget
Corporate objective
Cost control and variance
Standard costing
Cash flow statement
Annual Report
Ratio analysisis
Capital Budgeting
Risk and Return
Regulators
Constitutional Aspects of Taxation by the Union and States
Financial Relations between the
Union and the States
Indirect Taxes : Union and the States
Taxation by the Union and the States
REVENUE ADMINISTRATION
Gst
Existing Indirect Tax System
ACTIVE INTERFACE WITH IT SYSTEMS
INCOME TAX LAW : AN INTRODUCTION
Income-tax Act
The Finance Act
CONCEPT OF INCOME
Stapes of TOTAL INCOME AND TAX PAYABLE
Deductions from Gross Total Income
RETURN OF INCOME
Horizontal analysis is also known as Trend Analysis refers to studying the behavior of individual financial statement items over several accounting periods. The Vertical Analysis concentrates on the relationships between various financial items on a financial statement. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Horizontal and Vertical Analysis:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/accounting/horizontal-and-vertical-analysis.aspx
For full text article go to : https://www.educorporatebridge.com/finance-for-non-finance/finance-for-non-finance-professionals/
This article on Finance for Non Finance Professionals will help you to gain basic finance knowledge, accounting concepts and better understanding of financial statement required for growth of your organization.
The Balance SheetA balance sheet is the financial statement that.docxmattinsonjanel
The Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is the financial statement that reports a firm’s financial condition at a specific time. As highlighted in the sample balance sheet in Figure 17.5 (for our hypothetical vegetarian restaurant Very Vegetarian introduced in Chapter 13), assets are listed in a separate column from liabilities and owners’ (or stockholders’) equity. The assets are equal to, or balanced with, the liabilities and owners’ (or stockholders’) equity. The balance sheet is that simple.
figure 17.5: SAMPLE VERY VEGETARIAN BALANCE SHEET
Current assets: Items that can be converted to cash within one year.
Fixed assets: Items such as land, buildings, and equipment that are relatively permanent.
Intangible assets: Items of value such as patents and copyrights that don’t have a physical form.
Current liabilities: Payments that are due in one year or less.
Long-term liabilities: Payments not due for one year or longer.
Owner’s equity: The value of what stockholders own in a firm (also called stockholder’s equity).
balance sheet
Financial statement that reports a firm’s financial condition at a specific time and is composed of three major accounts: assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity.
Let’s say you want to know what your financial condition is at a given time. Maybe you want to buy a house or car and therefore need to calculate your available resources. One of the best measuring sticks is your balance sheet. First, add up everything you own—cash, property, and money owed you. These are your assets. Subtract from that the money you owe others—credit card debt, IOUs, car loan, and student loan. These are your liabilities. The resulting figure is your net worth, or equity. This is fundamentally what companies do in preparing a balance sheet: they follow the procedures set in the fundamental accounting equation. In that preparation, it’s important to follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
Since it’s critical that you understand the financial information on the balance sheet, let’s take a closer look at what is in a business’s asset account and what is in its liabilities and owners’ equity accounts.
Classifying Assets
Assets are economic resources (things of value) owned by a firm. Assets include productive, tangible items such as equipment, buildings, land, furniture, and motor vehicles that help generate income, as well as intangible items with value like patents, trademarks, copyrights, and goodwill. Goodwill represents the value attached to factors such as a firm’s reputation, location, and superior products. Goodwill is included on a balance sheet when one firm acquires another and pays more for it than the value of its tangible assets. Intangible assets like brand names can be among the firm’s most valuable resources. Think of the value of brand names such as Starbucks, Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, and Apple. Not all companies, however, list intangible assets on their balance sheets.
assets
Economic resources (things of val ...
Provides information on balance sheets. Topics include what a balance sheet looks like, attributes of a balance sheet, major components of a balance sheet, and key characteristics in the evaluation of inventory.
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-1: Definition, Process,& ChallengesShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 1 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy, six stages of public policy formulation, & challenges faced
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-2:Features of Good Public PolicyShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 2 of the 4-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of a good public policy
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-3: Public Policy Formulation in PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 3 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation.
This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps.
It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
This is an informational presentation about the intensive course
Finance For Non-finance Managers
Consisting of ten modules, this course is conducted by Shahid Hussain Raja whose antecedents are given in subsequent slide
It has now been put online in the form of ten video presentations, freely available on Youtube at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK3jcY9a31eymq3pMqCPfxQ
Kindly before viewing these videos, do subscribe to this channel
Terrorism-historical as well as a universal phenomenon; few countries can claim not to have been affected by this menace which is rising
Has been practised by every type of organisation, religious or non-religious, right-wing or left-wing. Muslims, Christians, Jews, Hindus
Consequently, the reasons for the terrorist activity and the identity of its perpetrators are always subject to context, time, and place.
This presentation attempts to analyse global terrorism from its historical perspective, identify causes, and presents a plan of action to curb it
The breakup of the Soviet Union, the largest country in size, in 1991 was one of the top five news of the 20th century
Caused by multiple reasons, it resulted in multi-dimensional consequences, short term as well as long term
Some of the consequences we are still witnessing even in the 21st century, some may be witnessed by the coming generations
This presentation is an attempt to analyse the causes of this momentous event and assess its far-reaching consequences
Islamophobia is the irrational hostility, fear, or hatred of Islam, Muslims, and Islamic culture at individual, societal or state level
It also connotes active discrimination against these groups or individuals within them with due process of law or without it
It manifests itself through individual attitudes and behaviours, and the policies and practices of organizations and institutions.
This presentation attempts to clarify the concept, analyse its underlying causes, and suggests a plan of action to counter it
Though the worst intelligence failure, the USA took maximum advantage of the 9/11 tragedy and embarked on the mission to accomplish the objectives set forth in the infamous neo-con paper, known as the American Century.
America employed all its -military, diplomatic and financial, to wage a war of terror on several countries besides Afghanistan-its starting point.
Whether it was a stellar success or a dismal failure, it has cost the world massively in terms of loss of human lives, financial losses, refugees crises, missed opportunities, and surprisingly, increased global terrorism
This presentation covers all these issues in greater detail
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
Peace of Westphalia (1648) not only created the modern nation-state system in Europe but also stipulated the basic rules of statecraft.
Despite all the criticisms, the concept of state and nation took firm roots in most parts of the world, thanks to colonialism.
However, it is now facing existential challenges from different sources
This presentation is all about the modern nation-state system, its origin, essential elements, challenges it is facing, & its future prospects
International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis of Pakistan's Horticultural Sector, this presentation identifies the challenges this sector is facing and proposes a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector 1 (crops sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the historical evolution of Pakistan's agricultural sector and carries out its SWOT Analysis by describing its major strengths and weaknesses as well as the threats it faces and the opportunities available for its growth. Then lists the challenges Pakistan's agricultural sector is facing and comes up with a detailed plan of action to face those challenges.
Presentation Pakistan Regional Apparatus; Challenges & ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilising the foreign relations of a country
This presentation attempts to explain foreign policy challenges of Pakistan in its rapidly changing regional apparatus and how to respond to them
Kindly do read Part 1 & 2 of this series for acquainting yourself with the basic concepts of foreign policy and history of foreign relations of Pakistan
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens-security of life & property, the standard of living, political empowerment
For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies. Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
This presentation is an attempt to explain how the foreign policy of Pakistan is shaped, history, successes & failures, as well as challenges
Before going further, you are advised to read Part 1 of this series for acquainting yourself with theoretical aspects of foreign policy
Political Economy of a Post-Colonial State; Economic Development of PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
Despite all the ups and downs, Pakistan is now the 26th largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, (44th largest in terms of nominal GDP). With per capita income of US$ 4550, Pakistan occupies at 140th place on this count in the world, thanks to her burgeoning population of 200 million people. Pakistan is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. By 2050, with an estimated GDP of $3.33 trillion, Pakistan is expected to become world’s 18th largest economy, according to Goldman Sachs. However, this progress is not as impressive as it looks or should have been keeping her potential. Similarly her dismal social indicators, structural anomalies and income disparities leave much to be desired.
This presentation sums up the development experience—what Pakistan did marvellously, what it did marginally and where it failed miserably during her development journey. It ends with an the lessons other developing countries can learn from this development experience of Pakistan.
Book review 10 Essential Skills for Public Servants a Handbook by shahid huss...Shahid Hussain Raja
Being a public servant is an honour and a privilege on the one hand but a great responsibility on the other. Faithful discharge of your duties demands you being very effective in service delivery, efficient in execution and honest in your public dealing. This short handbook is an attempt to list down the skills which can help you to transform yourself into that mould. Fortunately, all these skills which you will need while performing your duties, can be learnt and are not inherited. It only demands whole hearted commitment and dedicated efforts to learn them.
Terrorism is an historical as well as a universal phenomenon; has been practiced by every type of organisation, religious or non-religious, right-wing or left-wing.Consequently, the reasons for the terrorist activity and the identity of those who carry out these acts are always subject to the context, time and place.Unfortunately, there is no consensus on its accurate definition. More than one hundred definitions in the field; one country’s terrorists are other country’s freedom fighters. Rather than seeking the causes of terrorism itself, a better approach is to determine the conditions that make terror possible or likely.Stopping violence is rarely simple or easy. Only time and commitment by a majority of the parties involved can resolve a conflict. Keeping in view the multidimensional nature of terrorism, we must adopt a long term holistic and comprehensive approach for its eradication.
This presentation is an attempt to encompass the various issues related to this complex phemenon and presents a plan of action to control this menace
Need, importance and benefits of digitisation of public sector by using digital technologies as an integrated part of its service delivery mechanism cannot be overemphasised.
However, despite recognizing the need for the digitization of public services, governments in the developing countries are not giving it the importance it deserves.
In this presentation, I discuss the four areas to focus, four public policy issues to tackle and four steps to take for putting a country to its long-term trajectory of digital transformation
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
2. Introduction
About the Author-Shahid Hussain Raja
What is Financial Accounting-the Basics
What is a Balance Sheet
How Balance Sheet is prepared
How to read a Balance Sheet
How to unterprest a Balance Sheet
Uses of a Balance Sheet
Limitations of a Balance Sheet
Conclusion
3. Welcome to Module 2 of One day intensive course on
Finance for Non finance Managers/Professionals
This course consists of five modules, each dealing with
different aspects of financial management.
One of the core elements of financial management is the
three financial statements
Module 2 relates to discussion of the Blance Sheet-what is a
Balance Sheet and how to read, interpret and use it
4. Retired in 2012 as Federal Secretary, Govt. of Pakistan, held
various senior positions during 35 year’s service. Served as Chief
Instructor, National School of Public Policy, Lahore(Pakistan)
M.A.(Economics), M.A.(Political Science), M.Sc.(Defence and
Strategic Studies).Post Graduate Diploma holder (Development
Studies- University of Cambridge). Executive Development Program
at the JF Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA.
Author of 8 books on various public policy, national/global &
financial issues. Conducts courses online and offline
5. Process of recording, categorising and presenting recorded
monetary business transactions in standardised formats
during/point of time.
Basically the job of the professional accountants
Legal requirement but essential for management for financial
analysis, strategic management and business decisions
Carried out under some basic principles/concepts/conventions
6. This presentation has been prepared by using the material
contained in the author's book “Finance for Non-finance
Managers”
It has been published as an ebook by Amazon and is available
at https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07TTNNTC8
Its Spanish edition is also available at Amazon while its
Swedish edition is being published shortly.
7. Any payment made or received by a firm
There are four types of financial transactions
Income-sale of goods or assets or earning from investments
Expense-accounting for expenditure
Assets- purchase of land, plants etc
Liabilities- raw material purchased on credit
All financial transactions originate in 3 heads of activities of a firm
Operating-manufacturing, marketing, selling
Investing-making investments in capital goods, bonds etc
Financing- obtaining loans, paying interest, clearing debts
8. Income Expense Asset Liability
Operating Sale of
good/service
Purchase of
inputs/wages
Purchase of
Machinery
Hiring of machine
on credit
Investing Income from
government
bonds purchased
Payment for
purchase of
shares as
investment
Payments made
for purchase of
stocks and
shares/other
investment
Payment to stock
broker for
maintaining
investment
account
Financing Interest income
from a savings
account
Payment of
interest/principal
on the loan
obtained
Receivables Payables
9. All financial transactions are first recorded in a General
Journal-date wise
These are, then transferred into Accounts Ledgers as
per their respective heads of accounts-month wise
Number of accounts vary from company to company
depending on the size of the firm
10. ◦ Capital Account: to record investments into the business, Fixed Asset
◦ Sales Account: to record sales of the goods sold
◦ Debtor Account: to record sales of goods and services on credit
◦ Purchases Account: Record of goods/raw material purchased
◦ Creditor Account :to record goods purchased on credit
◦ Overhead Account to record expenses necessarily incurred in order to
run the business
11. Financial information about a business firm over/at a point of
time presented in three structured standard formats
Balance Sheet- What a firm owns and what it owes. Shows its
financial health and liquidity position
Income Statement-Is it earning profits or losing money.
Shows the profitability position
Cash Flow Statement-From where cash is being generated
and where it is being spent. Shows the solvency position
12. Business Organisation: entity carrying out business activities, having its
own legal entity & assumed to be going concern for indefinitely
Assets: an economic resource that company owns(land, machinery etc)
Liability: legal obligations to pay back in money terms (loan, payables)
Book value: historical value of an asset
◦ Gross Book Value: price paid at the time of its purchase in the past
◦ Net Book Value: its present book value after allowing for depreciation
due to use/lapse of time
13. Expenditure: One time payment made for purchase of good/service
Expenses: Accounting for the benefits derived over period of time
from the goods for which expenditure was incurred in the past
Variance Analysis: Difference between the budgeted amount and
actual expenditure under any head of expenditure in a budget
Ratio Analysis: Techniques to interpret data presented in financial
statements to assess the financial health of a firm for comparison
14. Depreciation: reduction in value of tangible assets due to
use/lapse of time
Amortisation: reduction in value of an intangible asset
Receivables: expected income from customers for goods sold
or services provided in the past
Payables: which the firm owes to others for goods purchased
or services acquired
15. Structured presentation of a firm’s assets and liabilities in a
standard format- how much it owns(assets) and how much it owes
to others(liabilities)
Always presented on a given date every year in a standard format
and using consistent terminology
Liabilities shows the sources of the funds while assets show the
uses of these funds
Assets and liabilities, can be short term (less than one year
maturity) or long term (more than one year maturity)
16. Short term liquidity status; Can it pay its debts right now if needed? Will it
survive the shock or collapse?+
Long term Financial Health: Is it viable and competitive in long run ?
Covering long term liabilities with short term assets is disasterous
Test of Management Performance: How well in managing resources,
reducing costs? Too much inventories? Too many receivables?
Used for historical comparison: are we doing well over years ?
Comparative Analysis: how we compare with our competitors in particular
and the industry in general?
17. Liabilities Assets
Owners' Capital
1. Equity
2. Reserves/Surplus
Borrowers’ Funds
1. Long tern Debt
2. Short Term Debt
Working Capital
1. Creditors
2. Provisions
Fixed Assets
◦ Land and Building
◦ Plant/machinery
Investments
◦ Bonds, shares, government
securities
Working Capital
◦ Raw material
◦ Finished goods inventory
◦ Debtors
◦ Cash
18. Note the date on the top-31st March/30th June /30th September or
31st December
Four Columns- Present year / last year / Changes / Reference
number
Note the change in format –Vertical for comparison purposes
Changes reflected in money terms-reflected also in Income
statement
Last column-numbers in parenthesis refer to explanatory notes
19. what company owns, presented in ascending order of liquidity or ease of sale
1. if present market price is higher than the purchase price, then valued at purchase price
2. if present market price lower than the purchase price, then valued at market price
Cash-checking account/very short term securities
Marketable Securities-short term investments i.e. CDs(Banks), T.bills
(Government), Commercial Papers(MNCs)
Account Receivables-goods sold on credit minus bad debts
Inventories-Finished goods, work in progress, raw material
Total Current Assets- Add all the above
20. Long term Investments including Intangible Assets-totally owned
subsidiaries, partial equity in other firms, patents, goodwill, copyrights etc
Fixed(tangible)Assets-more than one year maturity-land, buildings,
machinery, equipment, vehicles
Gross book Value-add them
Accumulated Depreciation- Accounting purposes
Net Book Value-after deducting accumulated depreciation
Total Assets- Current Assets+ Investment at Net book value
21. what firm owes to others, presented in ascending order, starting with less
than one year maturity
Accounts Payables-normally 30 to 60 days credit
Bank Notes-short term loans from banks/creditors
Other Current Liabilities-result of accruals i.e. unpaid
salaries/wages/interest/taxes for the remaining period
Current Portion of Long Term Liabilities-Long term debts nearing
maturity
Total Current Liabilities-Add all the above
22. Long Term Debt-more than one year maturity-debentures, mortgages,
bonds
Total Liabilities-add the current liabilities and the long term debt
Preferred Stock-who provided initial capital
Common Stock-who bought the shares
Retained Earnings-profits ploughed back increase stock holders’ equity
Total Liabilities and Stock Holders Equity- add the above
23. Balance Sheet shows the liquidity position of the firm
Liquidity-ability to pay off all liabilities if assets have to be sold. For this
purpose we use ratios
Ratios are the quotient of a number or sum of numbers divided by another
numerical value
Ratios tell you the relationship among selected items of the financial
statement data
Compare these ratios with past ratios of the firm, with competitors and with
the industry and find out where do you stand
24. Current Ratio
Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Measure of liquidity in the short run
1.2:1 means slightly more assets than liabilities
2.5:1 means fairly good position etc
Working Capital
Total Current Assets-Total Current Liabilities
Not a ratio ! But the difference in $s/£s
25. Debt Equity Ratio (Leverage Ratio)
Total Liabilities/Total Equity
◦ Compares debt with owners equity
◦ Smaller Debt to Equity Ratio is preferable i.e. 0.90:1 is better than 1.2:1
Debt Asset Ratio
Total Liabilities/Total Assets x 100
◦ Written as a percentage, it shows the % share of assets owed to lenders say as
collateral
◦ Obviously lower percentage is preferred
Equity Asset Ratio
Total Equity/Total Assets x 100
◦ Expressed as %,it Shows the share of owners in the assets
26. Owners-What is happening to my equity ?
Management-How is our firm doing ?
Lenders-Are they worth lending money ?
Competitors-Why they are more successful ?
Government-Is this firm eligible for tax allowances or ?
Employees-Are we getting equitable share ?
Suppliers-Are they worth selling goods ?
Shareholders-whether to purchase more shares or sell the
present ones ?
27. What is our financial health-Are our assets more than our liabilities or
are we heading towards short term/long term bankruptcy?
Are we in better position compared to past performance, same or
have even worse?
Is owners’ equity safe? In case of termination of business, will they
get more or less than they invested?
Are our lenders’ capital safe, trust us to lend us more at market rate
or we will be forced to get loans at more than market rate?
Do we have enough working capital or facing cash flow difficulties
28. Balance sheet as published does not show the value of a
business or what a company’s shares are worth
Some assets are not disclosed in balance sheet, namely
internally generated goodwill, workforce skill, reputation etc.
Items are usually valued at their cost when purchased although
their prices may have gone up due to inflation/scarcity.
For this current cost accounting is more suitable i.e. assets are
re-valued regularly and the profit is adjusted accordingly