Animal cell culture involves removing cells from an animal and growing them in an artificial conductive medium. It is used to produce therapeutic proteins and research diseases. Key equipment for animal cell culture includes biosafety cabinets for sterility, CO2 incubators to maintain temperature and pH, centrifuges to prepare cells, refrigerators/freezers for storage, and microscopes for analysis. Proper equipment is necessary to successfully culture cells outside their natural environment.

1. Equipments used in Animal cell culture
Department of Pharmacology

2. Animal cell culture
• Animal cell culture is the removal of cell, tissue or organs from an animal and its
subsequent placement into an artificial medium conductive for growth.
• Animal cell culture are used in the production of therapeutic proteins, research and
diagnosis of diseases.

3. History of animal cell culture
• 1885 – Wilhelm Roux first time maintained embryonic check cell in saline buffer.
• 1903- Jolly first time showed that the cells can survive and divide in In vitro condition.
• 1907- Ross Harrison developed a nerve fiber from frog embryo tissue and culture it in a blood
clot.
• 1912- Alexis Carrel evolved the cell culture by developing the first cell line.
• 1940- Enders, Weller and Robbins grew the poliomyelitis virus
• 1955- Eagle developed a defined medium for cell growth
• 1964 – Little Field discovered the HAT medium for cell selection
• 1965- Ham discovered the first serum free media
• 1965- Harris and Watkins fused the first human and mouse cell by using a virus.

4. Equipment required for animal cell culture
• Laminar Air Flow Hood
• Co2 Incubator
• Centrifuge
• Refrigerator
• Cryo-storage container
• liquid nitrogen container
• Haemocytometer
• Water bath
• Flow cytometry
• Inverted Microscope
• Dissecting microscope
• Glass wares and plastic wares

5. Biosafety cabinet
• The basic purpose of Biosafety Cabinet is to provide protection to the
culture from any organism such as fungi, virus, bacteria under
aseptic conditions and also protect the operator form the risk of
infection.
• The purpose of this cabinet is to protect the product by use of HEPA
filters (High Efficiency Particulate Air).
• The level of contamination depends on the use of biosafety cabinet.
 BSC 1= Should have a biosafety cabinet, Efficiency of HEPA filters is 90%.
 BSC 2= Closed Biosafety cabinet, Efficiency of HEPA filters is 95%.
 BSC 3= Closed Biosafety cabinet, High density, Radioactive sterilization, Efficiency of
HEPA filters is 99.5%

6. CO2 Incubator
• Incubator is a temporary chamber which provides suitable
temperature, density, moisture and pH for better growth
and development of animal cells.
• They maintain sterility of the chamber by using HEPA
filters.
• They maintain a constant temperature by using a silicon
gasket on the inner door.
• Humidity is created which prevents desiccation of the
media and maintain osmolarity.
• pH is also maintained in the media.

7. Cooling centrifuge
• Centrifuge is an instrument used to separate
the particles from a solution according to
their size, shape, density, viscosity of the
medium and the rotor speed by using the
principle of centrifugal force.
• Cooling centrifuge is used to prepare the cell
for cryo-preservation.

8. Refrigerator
• Cell culture laboratories needs a domestic
refrigerator (preferably one without an auto defrost
freezer)
• It stores the reagent, media and cells at 2-8 degree
centigrade used for small laboratories.
• For large laboratories a cold room is restricted for
the storage of cells.

9. Cryo-storage container
• Cell lines in continues culture are likely suffer form
genetic instability as their passage number increases
therefore it is essential to prepare working stocks of the
cells and preserve them in cryogenic storage.

10. Liquid nitrogen container
• Liquid nitrogen container provide a long term
storage with low liquid nitrogen evaporation.
• There are two main types of liquid nitrogen
storage system
 Vapour phase- this system minimizes the
risk of explosion with cryo-storage tubes.
 Liquid phase-This system usually have
longer static holding time.

11. Haemocytometer
• It is an instrument used to estimate the cell number and
viability.
• It has two parts
 Neubauer’s slide- it has counting scales on each
quadrant. The depth of the scales is 0.1mm.
 Coverslip – it is used to keep the liquid sample
in a perfect shape into a flat layer of even
thickness.

12. Water bath
• A water bath is a device that maintains water at a constant
temperature.
• It is used for thawing of the cells directly taken out from
the freezing media or from liquid nitrogen to prevent the
cell form any mechanical damage due to fluctuation of
temperature.
• The temperature of water bath is 5-100 degree centigrade.

13. Flow cytometry
• Flow cytometry is a laser based technique to
analyse the characteristics of the cells .
• This is mainly used for the analysis of the
expression of the cell surface and intracellular
molecules.
• It is used to characterize different cells from a
heterogenous mixture.

14. Inverted microscope
• The inverted microscope is designed with the light
source and the condenser lens above the specimen.
• The objective and turret of the microscope is on the
bottom.
• The objective focus the light to produce a real image.
• It is to observe any contamination in the cell culture.

15. Dissecting microscope
• The dissecting microscope is also know as stereo
microscope.
• It has a long working distance between 25 and 150mm.
• It has low magnification ability and one can
manipulate the specimen even performing a small
dissection under the microscope.
• Light specimens can also be observed under this
microscope

16. Glasswares and plastic wares
• Beaker
• Pipette
• Measuring cylinder
• Horizontal and vertical flask
 T25, T75, T100
• Petri plate
• Microscopic slides
• Coverslips
• Cell culture plates.