This document discusses modern techniques for pre-selecting the sex of embryos, which can be done either through sperm sorting by looking for X or Y chromosomes, or by determining the sex of pre-implantation embryos. There are invasive methods like cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes and DNA probes, and non-invasive methods like detecting the H-Y antigen or differences in growth between male and female embryos. These techniques allow for altering the male to female ratio in farm animals to increase milk and meat production.

1. Made by :
Vipin Kr. Shukla
HIMT College Gr. Noida

2.  Pre Selection of Sex.
 Earlier approaches superstition based.
 Modern techniques make it possible.
 Either X-Y Sperm spotting or embryo sexing.

3.  Sex determined in Pre-Implantation embryos.
 Approach either Invasive or Non-Invasive.
 Splitted of seed embryos.
 First succesfully embryos sexing done by
Gardner (1968) in Rabbits by cytological
method (Barr-Body observation).

4.  Non-Invasive Methods:
Immunological assay of H-Y Antigen.
Quantification of X-Linked enzyme.
Differential growth of male and female embryo.

6.  Invasive methods:
 Cytogenetics analysis:
 Observing Barr Bodies
 Chromosome analysis
 Y- specific DNA probes
 Y-specific DNA Primer and PCR

7.  H-Y Detection used for Murine, Bovine,
Porcine and embryo.
 Detection as early as 8 cell stage
 Can have two approaches Cytotoxic or
Immuno-Fluorscent.
 In pigs detected only after removal of zona
pellucida.
 Accuracy 84%, Cattle 85%, 81% Pigs.

12.  Altering the male and female sex ratio in the
farm animals.
 Increase in milk and meat production.
 Control of incidence of free martinism.
 Getting equality bulls for sexing.
 Conversion of rare breeds of farm animals.