This document discusses various aspects of project management costs, including:
- Investment costs include non-recurring procurement costs for the plant provided by banks or investors. Operating costs include continuous costs like raw materials, utilities, labor, and maintenance.
- Methods for determining investment costs include the index method, degression method, and cost factor method. Operating costs consist of raw materials, utilities, labor, and maintenance.
- The document then discusses various cost considerations for project management, including types of maintenance costs, utility costs, labor costs, and risks to consider in risk analysis like customer risks, location risks, commercial risks, and process engineering risks.
Episode 27 : Project Management Costs
Cost Method
1. If there is lack of information regarding the existing plant, investment cost can be estimated by using cost factor. It requires the existence of a process concept and the rough layout of the main equipment in order to determine the cost of the main processing unit.
Operating Cost
Consists of (a) Cost of raw material
Utility cost
Labour cost
Maintenance cost
Utility Cost
1. It is quantity based and consisted of electric power, steam and coolant consumption, heating media such as coal and other energy sources like hydrogen.
Episode 26 : Project Management
Chemistry: paints, plastics, fibres, fertilizers etc
Pharmaceuticals: drugs
Cosmetics: creams, lotions, cosmetic products etc
Refineries: fuels, basic products for chemistry, lubricants etc
Building materials: cement, sand, gravel etc\food industry: fats, oils, cereals, sugar etc\coal: mining and processing of coal
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 28 : Project Management Contract
most important document for the execution of a project.
project management - know very well, includes all important issues regarding supply and services
Fulfillment of requirements, review the contractual situation, to claim the respective extra costs
project engineers :
mastered the fundamental aspects of the contractual arrangements for negotiated with subcontractor
depends on the relevant information of the team members.
actual contract arrangement - trained and experienced traders and lawyers
Fédération Internationale des Ing é-nieurs - Conseils ” (FIDIC)
take equally into account the interests of Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering and Construction Conditions of Contract for Electrical an Mechanical Works
jus strictum (binding law) and jus dispositivum (modifiable law).
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Pilot plant design steps and engineering considerations. View how pilot plants go from concept to commissioning with the help of a professional engineering design and fabrication firm. To speak with an engineer about your pilot plant design project, call EPIC at 314-207-4250.
Episode 27 : Project Management Costs
Cost Method
1. If there is lack of information regarding the existing plant, investment cost can be estimated by using cost factor. It requires the existence of a process concept and the rough layout of the main equipment in order to determine the cost of the main processing unit.
Operating Cost
Consists of (a) Cost of raw material
Utility cost
Labour cost
Maintenance cost
Utility Cost
1. It is quantity based and consisted of electric power, steam and coolant consumption, heating media such as coal and other energy sources like hydrogen.
Episode 26 : Project Management
Chemistry: paints, plastics, fibres, fertilizers etc
Pharmaceuticals: drugs
Cosmetics: creams, lotions, cosmetic products etc
Refineries: fuels, basic products for chemistry, lubricants etc
Building materials: cement, sand, gravel etc\food industry: fats, oils, cereals, sugar etc\coal: mining and processing of coal
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 28 : Project Management Contract
most important document for the execution of a project.
project management - know very well, includes all important issues regarding supply and services
Fulfillment of requirements, review the contractual situation, to claim the respective extra costs
project engineers :
mastered the fundamental aspects of the contractual arrangements for negotiated with subcontractor
depends on the relevant information of the team members.
actual contract arrangement - trained and experienced traders and lawyers
Fédération Internationale des Ing é-nieurs - Conseils ” (FIDIC)
take equally into account the interests of Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering and Construction Conditions of Contract for Electrical an Mechanical Works
jus strictum (binding law) and jus dispositivum (modifiable law).
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Pilot plant design steps and engineering considerations. View how pilot plants go from concept to commissioning with the help of a professional engineering design and fabrication firm. To speak with an engineer about your pilot plant design project, call EPIC at 314-207-4250.
Seeking assignments in Production,process engineering in high pressure die casting of aluminium and zinc alloys,having 23 years of experience in the same field.
Construction quality control site inspection training (2) pages-deletedSanjana Khound
It is well known in the construction industry that the three control parameters for construction projects are: quality, time, and cost.
Concrete and steel are the main materials utilized in the construction industry. This workshop is aimed at providing delegates a
good understanding regarding Construction Quality Control, and Site Inspection of concrete and steel structures generally
coming in industries like: Real Estate, Industrial, Oil & Gas, Power, Cements, Steel, Heavy Engg, EPC, Mines, Infra etc. Main
role of inspection is observation of quality of materials and quality of workmanship.
URL: https://marcepinc.com/ongoing-workshop/construction-quality-control-and-site-inspection
The function of management should focus on getting people to work towards and...Saif al-din ali
The function of management should focus on getting people to work towards and achieve organizational goals and objectives. in short, management's primary purpose should be to increase
Activity-Based Costing
Allocates overhead to multiple activity cost pools, and Assigns the activity cost pools to products or services by means of cost drivers.
Complex manufacturing processes may require multiple allocation bases; this approach is called Activity-Based Costing
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a method of assigning overhead and indirect costs—such as salaries and utilities—to products and services. The ABC system of cost accounting is based on activities, which are considered any event, unit of work, or task with a specific goal.
Seeking assignments in Production,process engineering in high pressure die casting of aluminium and zinc alloys,having 23 years of experience in the same field.
Construction quality control site inspection training (2) pages-deletedSanjana Khound
It is well known in the construction industry that the three control parameters for construction projects are: quality, time, and cost.
Concrete and steel are the main materials utilized in the construction industry. This workshop is aimed at providing delegates a
good understanding regarding Construction Quality Control, and Site Inspection of concrete and steel structures generally
coming in industries like: Real Estate, Industrial, Oil & Gas, Power, Cements, Steel, Heavy Engg, EPC, Mines, Infra etc. Main
role of inspection is observation of quality of materials and quality of workmanship.
URL: https://marcepinc.com/ongoing-workshop/construction-quality-control-and-site-inspection
The function of management should focus on getting people to work towards and...Saif al-din ali
The function of management should focus on getting people to work towards and achieve organizational goals and objectives. in short, management's primary purpose should be to increase
Activity-Based Costing
Allocates overhead to multiple activity cost pools, and Assigns the activity cost pools to products or services by means of cost drivers.
Complex manufacturing processes may require multiple allocation bases; this approach is called Activity-Based Costing
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a method of assigning overhead and indirect costs—such as salaries and utilities—to products and services. The ABC system of cost accounting is based on activities, which are considered any event, unit of work, or task with a specific goal.
Robust Algorithm Development for Application of Pinch Analysis on HENIJERA Editor
Since its genesis, Pinch Analysis is continuously evolving and its application is widening, reaching new horizons. The original concept of pinch approach was quite clear and, because of flexibility of this approach, innumerable applications have been developed in the industry. Consequently, a designer gets thoroughly muddled among these flexibilities. Hence, there was a need for a rigorous and robust model which could guide the optimisation engineer on deciding the applicability of the pinch approach and direct sequential step of procedure in predefined workflow, so that the precision of approach is ensured. Exploring the various options of a novice hands-on algorithm development that can be coded and interfaced with GUI and keeping in mind the difficulties faced by designers, an effort was made to formulate a new algorithm for the optimisation activity. As such, the work aims at easing out application hurdles and providing hands-on information to the Developer for use during preparation of new application tools. This paper presents a new algorithm, the application which ensures the Developer does not violate basic pinch rules. To achieve this, intermittent check gates are provided in the algorithm, which eliminate violation of predefined basic pinch rules, design philosophy, and Engineering Standards and ensure that constraints are adequately considered. On the other side, its sequential instruction to develop the pinch analysis and reiteration promises Maximum Energy Recovery (MER).
Design and Engineering Module 3: Prototype to ProductNaseel Ibnu Azeez
As per KTU Syllabus Design and Engineering
Prototyping- rapid prototyping; testing and evaluation of design; Design modifications; Freezing the design; Cost analysis. Engineering the design – From prototype to product.
Planning; Scheduling; Supply chains; inventory; handling; manufacturing/construction operations; storage; packaging; shipping; marketing; feed-back on design.
Danh sách kiểm tra sản xuất cho công ty khởi nghiệp công nghệ sinh học
Xem thêm các tài liệu khác trên kênh của Công ty Cổ phần Tư vấn Thiết kế GMP EU.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN OF WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT PLANT PROJECTSAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
The Project management plan presented here will describe the project manager’s approach and the general responsibilities of the project team. In addition to the project management plan, several other documents will be developed and used to ensure compliance with project requirements as well regulations and industry specific standards. The specific plans will include processes, flow diagrams, responsibility matrices, organizational charts, and other pertinent information to guide the project staff.
The first electric cars were produced in the 1880
Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century
An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device. Electric motors give electric cars instant torque, creating strong and smooth acceleration. They are also around three times as efficient as cars with an Internal combustion engine.
DRYING PROCESS OF BERRY FRUIT BY VACUUM DRYING EQUIPMENT (SIMULATION PROCE...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
The dry berries are worthy products since it contains all the vitamins spectrum, for that reason, drying process for the food is producing valuable output. Drying process for the food is not interested in vitamins amount only, it’s about the maintenance level for minor, and macro substances (Ceylan, 2007). Drying process is removing all the interior water of the fruit and has several advantages like producing low weight product, not expensive from packing side, long life storing, and no need for cooling application during storing or transportation (Chen X. D., 2007).
DRYING PROCESS OF BERRY FRUIT BY VACUUM DRYING EQUIPMENT (SIMULATION PROCE...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
The dry berries are worthy products since it contains all the vitamins spectrum, for that reason, drying process for the food is producing valuable output. Drying process for the food is not interested in vitamins amount only, it’s about the maintenance level for minor, and macro substances (Ceylan, 2007). Drying process is removing all the interior water of the fruit and has several advantages like producing low weight product, not expensive from packing side, long life storing, and no need for cooling application during storing or transportation (Chen X. D., 2007).
There are different kind of berries, such as strawberry, black currant, raspberry, and cranberry. The objective of this project is simulating the drying process for berry fruits by using vacuum dryer.
Several industries had reported that using vacuum dryer in food manufacturing is applicable but its high cost (Giri, 2007; Clary, 2007). The hardest step in drying process is maintaining the dryer power, as well as the temperature to gain product with the required properties (Lombra, 2010). Some researchers had used integrated hot-air and vacuum dryer together, but they figured out it’s the same results as well as using vacuum dryer (Beaudry, 2004).
This drying equipment is consisting from 70 L volume of a steel cylindrical chamber. The inside pressure is 2 mbar, which is provided by the vacuum pump.
The results were satisfying the industry demand but it’s still following the material kind and the dryer power and …etc.
In conclusion, drying process is not complicated but it needs several different simulations to get the optimistic temperature for avoiding any waste of energy and time.
changing in the cake dimensions with the temperature, in order to get the highest process performance. For that, this simulation process was part from the optimization process but as we know, optimization is not stopping at any step.
‘Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Bi...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
I introduce my self. My name is SAJJAD KHUDHUR, I am Master degree student chemical Engineering. Today, I am presentation the 3rd and the final presentation of my research which is titled as ‘ Sustainable approach ..‘. My supervisor and co-supervisor are Dr. Teow Yeit Haan and Prof. Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Today, I am going to speak about Palm oil, Palm oil mill effluent, environment impact, problem statement, zero waste energy, Integrated technology, tension factors, process setting, results, the decree, closer look on the product, and the conclusion.
In Malaysia, oil palm is a very significant crop. In the worldwide, the biggest palm oil exporter and producer is Indonesia and Malaysia is the 2nd exporter and producer. The production of crude palm oil (CPO) was increased significantly from 92,000 tonnes in year 1960 to 17.6 million tonnes in year 2009, The process to extract the palm oil needs massive and huge water quantity to sterilize the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and clarify the extracted oil.
Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Bio...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Bio-film bacteria (Biological Treatment) integrated with Membrane Technology is based on WHAT FACTORS ?
ANS:
COST EFFECTIVE
REQUIREMENTS
FLEXIBILITY
SIMPLICITY
CLOSED OR OPEN SYSTEM
N0TE: UPON our knowledge and research, There is no previous work had or have done on using integrated biofilm-Membrane.
Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Bio...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
In Malaysia, oil palm is a very significant crop. In the worldwide, the biggest palm oil exporter and producer is Indonesia and Malaysia is the 2nd exporter and producer. the production of crude palm oil (CPO) was increased significantly from 92,000 tonnes in year 1960 to 17.6 million tonnes in year 2009, The process to extract the palm oil needs massive and huge water quantity to sterilize the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and clarify the extracted oil.
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENTUSING INTEGRATED BIO...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Wastewater treatment often incurs high non-profitable cost in an industry that reduces the company profit. The cost for wastewater treatment could be reduced either by reducing the wastewater generation or enhance the treatment efficiency. The concept of transforming waste to energy makes waste treatment seem more appealing and cost-effective.
Description
Glycerolysis procedure is more economical - fats are cheaper and less glycerol is required.
Fats and fatty acids are insoluble in glycerol - high temperatures are required to force the reaction to proceed.
On production scale, direct esterification and interesterification can be done continuously or batchwise.
Generally, there will be input for the process and output from the process. Here we can define what are the related variables or input-output that present in this process.
Feed stream: In this process, the feed raw material is assumed already pure, so no need to purify the feed streams.
Excess reactant: fatty acid is fed as an excess reactant and is supplied in liquid form.
Recycle and purge: There are recycle stream from glycerol and fatty acid but there are no purges from the process.
Episode 66 : Renewable Energy Technologies
Currently, this is the largest source of renewable energy.
However, much of this is low-technology uses in developing countries. Presumably usage of these fuels will fall as countries grow.
Other fuels include things such as ethanol.
Is there enough farmland to grow the needed feedstocks as well as supplying necessary food supply?
Recent concerns over corn prices is an example here
Used for 16% of world electricity production.
Does not require technological breakthroughs.
However, political acceptance is an issue.
Small hydro is cost competitive
Costs of wind fell by a factor of four between 1981-1999
Wind is now competitive in favorable locations.
Now about 5-8 cents/kWh
Competitive with traditional fuels with a $25/ton CO2 tax
Study shows wind is competitive at $38/ton CO2 near Chicago, and could be situated further away with a price of $76/ton CO2.
Distance from center decreases intermittency, but increases transmission losses.
Because wind is intermittent, storage is an issue.
For instance, excess power could be used to compress air in a reservoir as storage.
Currently feasible at about $93/ton
Denmark and Norway work in tandem to provide power.
When winds are favorable, Denmark exports wind energy to Norway. When not, Norway exports hydropower to Denmark.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 65 : Membrane separation processes
Membrane separation consists of different process operating on a variety of physical
principles and applicable to a wide range of separations of miscible components
These methods yield only a more concentrated liquid stream than feed. Membrane
separation processes have several advantages. These include :
Low energy alternative to evaporation in concentrating a dilute feed, particularly when the desired material is thermally labile or when the desired component is a clear liquid
The chemical and mechanical stresses on the product are minimal and since no phase change is involve the energy requirement is modest
Product concentration and purification can be achieved in a single step and the
selectivity towards the desired product is good
The method can easily be scaled up
In bioprocess industry, membrane separation is widely used because of the mild operating conditions and low energy requirements in the recovery of lactose from whey, separation of immiscible components such extracellular products (
e.g. proteins, enzymes etc) and biomass.
Membrane separation process cannot be used for feeds containing a high concentration of low molecular weight components because of high osmotic pressure or when the feed has high solid content(>25% w/v) because of pumping problems
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENTUSING INTEGRATED BIO...SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH OF RECYCLING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENTUSING INTEGRATED BIOFILM MEMBRANE FILTRATION SYSTEM FORINTERNAL PLANT USAGE
A biofilm is any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often these cells adhere to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).
Episode 62 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
Many chemical reactions are irreversible and occur in one direction only, namely forward
Reversible reactions occur in both directions i.e. forward and backward
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 61 : MATERIAL BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEM
RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTION
participating in a chemical reaction
Stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction:
– Showing the relative number of molecules/moles of components participating in the chemical reaction
Reactants– components that react with each other in a chemical reaction
Products – components that are produced by a chemical reaction
Chemical reactor- equipment in which chemical reactions occur
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 60 : Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
The optimal allocation of mass and energy within a unit operation, process and/or site.
Optimal allocation can be based on economic, environmental or other important objectives.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 59 : Introduction of Process Integration
Pinch Diagram and Heat Integration
Reference: Notes from course on “Modelling, design and control for process integration”, CAPEC, August 2000 (R. Dunn)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 58 : Tools Integration Examples
* Separation of a binary mixture of Acetone-Chloroform (Determine the optimal separation scheme)
* Separation of the mixture components from the reactor effluent stream containing the reactants and products for esterification of methanol with acetic acid (Determine a feasible separation sequence)
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 57 : Simulation for Design and Analysis
Methyl-acetate is produced by esterification of methanol and acetic acid which produces water as by-product.
CH3OH + CH3COOH � CH3COOCH3 + H2O
The mixture to be separated is an outlet stream from a reactor (assumed conditions: P=1 atm, T=450 K) and the methyl-acetate product specification is 99 %.
Problem statement: Given the identity and composition of the components in the mixture to be separated, together with the product specifications, identify a physically feasible flowsheet for separation of the mixture into the specified products. Determine the estimates of operating conditions and identify a MSA where required. Verify the generated process flowsheet with process simulation, together with the alternative separation techniques for its separation task.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 56 : Simulation for design and analysis
Separation of an azeotropic mixture
Mixture analysis
Identification of an azeotrope.
Possible separation techniques Pressure swing. Extractive/azeotropic distillation.
Solvent identification and validation
Flowsheet configuration
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 55 : Conceptual Process Synthesis-Design
Process Flowsheet Synthesis: Method to determine a process flowsheet that satisfies all product, operational and other requirements
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
1. SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 26 : Project
Management Costs
2. 1. In order to know about the profit possibilities, we need todetermine the
manufacturing cost.
Manufacturing
cost
Investment cost :
• Non‐recurring procurement
costof the plant.
• Provided by bank orproject
investor
Operating cost :
•Continuous arising cost
necessary for keeping the
plant in operation
•Raw material cost, utility
cost, labourcostand
maintenance cost
3. Costs
Investment Cost
1. methods todetermine the investment cost : (a) Index Method
(b) Degression Method
(c) Cost Factors
Index Method
1. This method is used when the new plant is a replacementof theolder plant
new
old
I
C Ci,oldi,new
I
Where C is thecapital costand I is the price index.
Degression Method
1. It applies toan almostsimilarplant with highercapacity.
m
old
X new
Ci,new Ci,old
X
Where m is called degression exponent and normally
range from 0.32 to 0.87
4. Costs
Cost Method
1. If there is lack of information regarding theexisting plant, investment costcan be
estimated by using cost factor. It requires theexistenceof a processconcept and the
rough layoutof the main equipment in order todetermine thecostof the main
processing unit.
Operating Cost
1. Consists of (a) Cost of raw material
(b) Utilitycost
(c) Labourcost
(d) Maintenancecost
Utility Cost
1. It is quantity based and consisted of electricpower, steam and coolantconsumption,
heating media such ascoal and otherenergysources like hydrogen.
5. Costs
Labour Cost
1. Depend on the sizeof the plant. The larger the plant, the smallerthe portion of the
employment cost in relation to the manufacturing cost because large plant is usually
highlyautomated.
Maintenance Cost
1. Divided into 2 types : (a) Preventive maintenance
(b) Failure ‐ oriented maintenance
2. Failure ‐ oriented maintenance : cost for upkeep and inspection do not arise,
maintenance costonlyarise in caseof failures.
Storekeeping of spare part is important.
It might affect production since maintenance
only being carried out in thecaseof failures
3. Preventive maintenance : provides moreoperational reliability.
: if inspection strategy is applied higher inspection cost
: if exchange strategy is applied higherrepaircost
6.
7. What is Tender Process?
an offer todowork orsupplygoodsata fixed price
Getting goodsorservices is also knownas
'procurement'.
Types of Procurement
• Works
• Supplies
• Services
Types of Tenders
• Open Tender
• Restricted Tender
• Direct Negotiation
9. Tender: Guiding Principles
Crystal clear Specification
– Match Functional Requirementswith Technical Specifications
– Avoid ““Grey”areas
Be fairto tenderers
- providesame info & sameopportunity toall
Not bias towardsany Brand/Tenderer
Specify Mandatory Requirements
- useas criteria forevaluation
Do not reveal Budget
Observe Confidentiality
Allow reasonable time forTenderers to respond
Preference to Local CompaniesPreference
10. RISK ANALYSIS
10
i)Customer
Paying Habits & Solvency
Debt ‐ ridden customerscertainly represent a higher
risk than customerswithoutdebts
Somecustomersare famous for interfering in
everything, thuscomplicating theexecution of the
project forthe plant manufacturer
Customerprefers certain competing companies
when awarding thecontract, possibly because he is
holding a share in them
11. RISK ANALYSIS
ii)Customer specification: specifications often contain data and requirements
that have a considerable impact on the costs
iii)Location: legislation, infrastructure, working conditions, language difficulties
political risks (terrorism, war risk, corruption)
iv)Commercial part: High contractual penalties, liability claim for lost profit
v) Deadline situation (specified rather short):
Low risk ‐ For project already been realized several times under similar
condition
High Risk – New plant concept abroad
12. RISK ANALYSIS
vi) Processengineering:
New process engineering concepts – very high
Operatordemands corresponding process
engineering guarantees regarding on quantityand
qualityof products
Retrofitting‐ increase thecapacity and product
Rescission – Include refund of the paymentalready
madeand expiry of purchase moneyclaims
14. Process Development
Def: The process determines the kind and orderof the “
unit operations ”
Steps to find the ideal process for the manufacturing of a
new product:
Laboratory development
Pilot plant station
Pilot plant
First large‐ scale plant
If a new process is finally found, thecompanywill protect
itself against thecompetition by means of corresponding
licenses
15. CENTRAL TASK OF A PROCESS ENGINEER
The designing of the plant in a way that investment and operating costs for
the inquired plant are minimized, while the required product features with
regard to quantity and quality are complied with. Only then will the plant
be marketable.
BALANCING
Defined the MASS AND ENTHALPY BALANCES for individual processas
well as for thewholeplant Thiswill served in determining the raw material
and energyconsumption.
Within the plant, the BALANCES define the mass flow and their
physical/chemical states.
The resultsof the balancing are recorded in called MEDIA DATA SHEETS .
16. Media Data Sheet for Saline Solution
Thedivision of the load cases resulting
from the balancing
often even physical and chemical data like
temperature, pressure and the composition
of the mass flow.
indication of material and quantityy.
The minimum and maximum load cases
should be balanced, since not only do the
mass flows depend on the load case, but
Theoperator is interested in a broad control range to beable to
face the f luctuating demand withvariableproduction.
With continuously low demand the production will have to be cut
back as well some time or other, since otherwise the store capacity
for the product will not besufficient.
17. Media Data Sheet for Low Pressure Steam
Safety ‐R
elevant
Massdataareoften the basis for
thedesign of apparatus.
Data
Concentration data together
with thedesign temperatureare thedecisive
parameters regarding corrosion
Thedetermination of suchdatadoes not
occur by means of process balancing, but by
means of the safety ‐ related
design of the plant.
Here, not
operated
only the load case
at can
the plant is
vary, but also the
thermodynamic condition of the live steam due
to f luctuations during the operation of the
corresponding steam generatororpowerstation
18. Materials Concept
Aspects to beconsidered in material selection
• compositionof the media, corrosionaspect
• design pressures and temperatures
• hydrodynamicaspects
• costs
• strength
• delivery times
• producibility
• weldability
• dimensions available
• production ‐ related aspects
• price f l uctuations
• guarantees
• f l exibility regarding modifi cations (e.g. laterfixing of nozzles)
19. Design of Main Equipment/Appratus
Process design
Process f low diagram (PFD)
Technical data sheet
Mechanical design
Wall thickness
Mechanical drawing
Production design
details like fi xing devices, insulation fastener, eyeboltsetc.
The resultsare the productiondrawingsand the related bills
of materials .
22. Depending on thestructureand available resourcesof the plant
manufacturer thedesign steps described above can be carried out
either in ‐ house or assigned to subcontractors. The process ‐ related
design is usuallyup to the plant manufacturer, since here his special
know ‐ how is required. In individual cases, however, the process ‐
related design can be passed on to the subcontractor. Manufacturers
of, forexample, heatexchangersorcolumns disposeof own design
programs tocalculatethe required heatexchange surfaceor the
numberof trays. The plant manufacturer ’ s task is then limited to
the specifi cation of the technical task.
23. Layout
For the projectplanning phase, usually layouts in the
form of simple topviewsand sideviewsare sufficient.
24.
25. In order to provide thecustomerwith a
better impression of thedesigned plant,
graphicallyprocessed three ‐
dimensional views of the layoutscan be
generated with suitable CAD systems
Based on the layout, the space required
for the plantcan bedetermined, which
– forcost reasons – is to be minimized
26. Quotation/Tender Document
Comprise of:
General part : introduction to the project, indication of benchmark data such as project name,
location etc.
Basic fl ow diagram
Process fl ow diagram : often with so ‐ called mass fl ux bars, containing data on volume fl ow,
parameters etc. for the main mass fl ux of the plant.
Layout
Documented procedure : verbal description of function and operating method of the plant
Indication of products and residuals
Consumption of operating resources : e nergy, live steam, chemicals etc.
Scope of supply
Scope of services
Options : additional supplyand services
Supply schedule : technical data as e.g. main dimensions, weights, operating data, insulation, power
input etc. of the main components
Commercial part : commercial data
Framework time scheduling
Prices
Price maintenance
27. Cost to be
considered for
quotation
purpose
Main equipment
Civil works
• engineering
• transport costs
• assembly
• commissioning
• expert services
•travel expenses (particularly in case of
projects abroad)
•insurance costs (e.g. transport, site,
planning and liability
insurancesetc.)
•hedging costs (for the coverage of
currency risks)
• guarantees (costs for bank guarantees)
•overheads (internal costs of the
company)
•fittings
• pipes
• measurement instrumentation
•control and communication
systems
Quote price = Profit margin + total cost
28. Theoperatoranalyzes the incoming quotations both technically and
commercially. Depending on theanalysiscriteriasome competitors
will already be ruled out here. Often 3 – 5 remaining suppliers will
then be shortlisted. Theseplant manufacturers are invited to
contract negotiations . Usually, a technical presentation of the plant
manufacturerwill take place. Furthermore, commercial detailsand
unsolved issuesarediscussed. After thesettlementof all technical
and commercial aspects, thecontract negotiations are focussed on
the purchaseprice and thedateof completion, whereat thedate of
completion may beas important as the purchaseprice.